On the Cooperation Between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in the Field of the Right to Development and its Prospects

China and the Non-Aligned Movement share the same goals,a common code of conduct,and similar ideas in protecting the right to development,and the two have a solid foundation for cooper-ation.Both emphasize that the right to development is a basic human right,strive to elevate the right to development to a mainstream hu-man right,and jointly advocate placing the right to development at the center of the agenda.They work together to enhance the strategic sta-tus of the right to development.Both of them have participated in the formulation of the Declaration on the Right to Development,and col-laborated to improve the Declaration.They have also jointly proposed the resolution on the right to development,and supported the drafting of the Convention on the Right to Development to advance the codifi-cation of the right to development.Both of them uphold South-South cooperation and promote North-South dialogue and cooperation.They have established a support mechanism to promote international cooperation on the right to development in a coordinated manner.The cooperation between China and the Non-Aligned Movement in pro-tecting the right to development has broken the past Western-centered paradigm of human rights development,broadened the international perspective of the human rights cause,and played a crucial role in the formation of international human rights norms.In the future,oppor-tunities and challenges coexist for cooperation between the two sides,with promising prospects.China’s cooperation with the Non-Aligned Movement in the protection of the right to development has accumulat-ed valuable and inspirational experiences for the human rights cause of developing countries and the building of the international human rights system.。

Farmers using insurance and cooperatives to manage agricultural risks: A case study of the swine industry in China

Purchasing agricultural insurance and joining agricultural cooperatives are two prevalent instruments used by farmers in China for dealing with agricultural risks. Data from 443 swine farmers in Jiangsu and Henan provinces of China were collected. Factors affecting the farmers’ decision to purchase agricultural insurance and join agricultural cooperatives were assessed. The possibility of simultaneous use of both instruments and the potential correlation between these two decisions was considered as well. Results showed that the farmers’ decision to use agricultural insurance and cooperatives was positively correlated, indicating that farmers who purchased agricultural insurance which mainly used to mitigate production risks were more likely to join agricultural cooperatives which more used to share market risks, and vice versa. Farmers’ knowledge of swine insurance and trust in the local government positively impacted the purchase of agricultural insurance, while education, years involved in swine production and scale of swine production positively impacted farmers joining agricultural cooperatives.

China Keen to Protect Women’s Rights, Interests——An interview with Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women’s Federation

EDITOR＇S NOTE： Slated for September 2008, the Tenth National Congress of the Chinese Women will review the achievements the country has made over the past five years in promoting women＇s rights and interests and formulate the targets for the protection endeavor over the next five years. The five years since the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Women have witnessed a constant improvement in the status of the Chinese women and in their human rights conditions. Following is a transcript of an interview given our staff reporters by Zhao Shaohua, vice-chairperson of the All-China Women＇s Federation （ACWF） and member of the ACWF Secretariat, on how women＇s rights and interests are protected in China.

China Housing Industry Association under the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce has now launched its Sustainable Asia-Pacific Greenland Brand

This community of townhouses in Chengdu, SichuanProvince was developed by Dalian’s Wanda Group

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Determinants of cooperative pig farmers' safe production behaviour in China——Evidences from perspective of cooperatives' services

Farmers＇ production behaviour is a key to ensuring the safety and quality of their final products, and cooperatives play an important role in shaping that behaviour. This paper aims to explore the determinants of pig farmers＇ safe production behaviour, giving special focus from the perspective of cooperatives＇ services. This study adopted cross sectional survey data from 27 pig cooperatives and their 540 farmers in China to test the influence of cooperatives＇ services on farmers＇ safe production behaviour. The hypotheses were tested using a logit regression model. The findings indicated that although the number of services is not a key determinant of farmers＇ safe production behaviour, service quality matters. When a cooperative is strongly capable of involving more farmers in certain services, and provides certain services in more frequency, member farmers behave more safely. The results also show that veterinarian and pig-selling services play an important role in ensuring farmers＇ safe production behaviour. For this study, the quality of cooperatives＇ services is implied to have a positive impact on farmers＇ safe production behaviour. Leaders/managers of cooperatives must try to improve the quality of their services instead of merely attempting to provide a large number of services. For government officials and policy makers, designing policies that encourage cooperatives to improve their service quality is important. This research contributes to the scant literature on how cooperative services could help farmers engage in safer production behaviour, which would improve the safety of pork products in the future.

Research on Competitiveness of the Developmental Pattern of "Enterprise+Cooperative"——A case of Lamb Fattening Cooperatives in Hainan Sub-prefecture of Qinghai Province

The empirical analyses on agricultural industrialization pattern and local animal husbandry in northwestern areas show that the industrialization development of husbandry in northwestern areas faces international and national competitive pressures. The survival ability and competitive ability are the key points of husbandry industrialization. The paper, having a lamb fattening professional cooperatives in Hainan sub-prefecture of Qinghai Province as the example, introduces the general conditions of the establishment and development of cooperatives and points out the advantages and disadvantages of husbandry in Qinghai Province. The paper analyzes the competitive advantages of Hongyuan Lamb Fattening Cooperatives through five forces mode of Michael Port, putting forward countermeasures and upgrading the competitiveness of Hongyuan Lamb Fattening Competitive.

An Exploratory Analysis of Cooperation Model Change in the Process of Tomato Industrialization in Xinjiang,China

The cooperation models appeared in the process of tomato industrialization in Xinjiang include orders,intermediary agencies and workshops.The cooperation content,the closeness and the cooperation stability of these models are different from each other.From the local to the Corps in Xinjiang,the cooperation model has undergone corresponding changes.The internal interest mechanism,the constriant mechanism and the protection mechanism have also undergone some changes.In order to make a breakthrough in tomato industrialization in Xinjiang,the cooperation model should be changed from the loose and semi-compact type to the high-compact type.The interest mechanism,the constriant mechanism and the protection mechanism between farmers and companies will be strengthened.

Reflections on the Mechanism of Cooperation between China and Arab States

During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.

The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening 'One Health' strategy

Implementing national to community-based 'One Health' strategy for human,animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities,and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative.'One Health' strategy in policy commitment,partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy,contextual health human-animal and environmental development.Therefore,appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives.It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable 'One Health' approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs.Understanding the foundation of'One Health' strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics.Building the value of China-Africa 'One Health' strategy partnerships,frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives,but also,mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms.Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity,participatory accountability and transparency on 'One Health' approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects,and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.

The Realistic Dilemma and Countermeasures of Anti-poverty Industrial-capacity Cooperation Between China and Africa

Poverty eradication is an important goal of African social development.China has always attached great importance to exchanges and cooperation with African countries in the field of poverty reduction and with the deepening of the practice and understanding of China-Africa anti-poverty cooperation,industrial-capacity cooperation has become a new theme of poverty reduction and development in China-Africa cooperation at the 2016 Forum on China Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)—Africa-China Poverty Reduction and Development Conference.Through combing and analysis of relevant literature and data,we found that China-Africa industrial-capacity cooperation,which is based on infrastructure construction,industrial park construction and trade exchanges,has played an important role in poverty reduction and development in African countries by facilitating industrialization and agricultural modernization,enhancing endogenous motivation for poverty alleviation,and improving the sustainable livelihood of poor people.At present,in the practice of anti-poverty industrial-capacity cooperation between China and Africa,there are still difficulties such as weak anti-poverty foundation and cooperation paths yet to be optimized.Meanwhile,it is also faced with a series of risks and challenges such as intensified international competition.In order to improve the cooperation between China and Africa,promote anti-poverty benefits,optimize the implementation paths,and better solve the dilemma of cooperation,we put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the four dimensions of government,enterprises,think tanks and people.

The Obstacles,Paths and Mechanisms of the Sustainable Development of Farmers' Cooperatives in Hebei Province

Based on the description of the major role played by famers' cooperatives in developing rural economy and in increasing the income of farmers,the obstacles of the sustainable development of famers' cooperatives in Hebei Province are introduced.Firstly,the cooperative mechanism is imperfect;secondly,the development is substandard;thirdly,the coverage of preferential policy is limited;fourthly,the capitals and financing problem are difficult;fifthly,the operation is single;sixthly,the construction of marketing channels is the weak;seventhly,the professional talents are scarce.The sustainable development paths of famers' cooperatives in Heibei Province are analyzed.Firstly,conducting value-added processing and taking the way of materialized development,industrialized operation and enterprise-style management;secondly,implementing agricultural quality and brand strategy and moving into the high level market;thirdly,constructing modern agricultural marketing and taking the road of supermarket agriculture;fourthly,enforcing the management of information and getting efficiency from information;fifthly,developing recycling agriculture and taking the way of improving resource efficiency.There are five ways for establishing the operational mechanism of sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives in Heibei Province.The government should innovate the cooperation mechanism;innovating training and education mechanism;innovating production mechanism;innovating financial mechanism;innovating marketing mechanism.

Anti-Poverty Cooperation between China and West Asian and North African Countries in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

As important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative,West Asia and North Africa have rich resources and prominent strategic position.Anti-poverty has always been a crucial social issue of China,West Asia and North Africa. Through literature review and data analysis,this paper analyzed the current situations of anti-poverty in West Asia and North Africa and the causes of poverty,and objectively summarized the realistic foundation of anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries. On the basis of current situations,it put forward a path for anti-poverty cooperation between China and West Asian and North African countries,in the hope of providing decisionmaking basis and policy recommendations for China to undertake anti-poverty cooperation in the worldwide range.

Willingness of Farmers Joining Professional Cooperatives——Based on the Questionnaire Survey of Nanjing

Based on the questionnaire survey of farmers in Nanjing City,the research analyzes the influencing factors of farmers' willingness joining professional cooperatives with Binary Logistic model.Results show that variable factors such as:labors,degrees of education,levels of awareness,development of judgments,have positive relation to the willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;gender and financial demands are negative related to willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;variable factors,such as ages,degrees of education,numbers of farmers,scale of land,generation experience,specific investment and fluctuations of prices,the estimated parameters of which are not significant.At last,the paper points out that the 2 important ways in accelerating the development of professional cooperatives are:the first is to accelerate the capital accumulation of advanced farmers and strengthen the scaled degrees of agricultural management.The second is to promote the information and techniques accumulation speed of professional farmers to strengthen people's awareness and confidence.

The Disputes over "Normal Development" and "Natural Growth" of Farmers' Cooperatives——On the Basis of Empirical Analysis on Farmers' Cooperatives in Deyang City

Combining the disputes on the "normal development" and "natural growth" existing in farmers' cooperatives and according to the actual investigation statistics, the management model selection and regulation (including model selection, policy encouragement, operation scale and scale selection ) of farmers'cooperatives in Deyang City, share structure and governance structure( including the establishment way and share structure, reserve sharing and dividend distribution, organization structure and policy-making mechanism), capital raising situation and financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Deyang City are analyzed empirically. It is pointed out the farmers' cooperatives should take the road "normal development".

Institutional Factors Affecting the Economic Performance of Peasant Special Cooperative Organization——A Case of Cuiping District,Yibin City,China

Literatures about the institutional arrangement of the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization are summarized.Based on the introduction of theoretical background,the overall level of annual earnings in the year 2008 is selected as a dependent variable to evaluate the economic performance of cooperative organizations,according to the investigation on 54 Peasant Special Cooperative Organizations in Cuiping District,Sichuan Province,China.A total of 13 institutional indices passing the correlation test are chosen as independent variables.Relationship between the development level and the institutional factors affecting the economic performance of cooperative organizations is studied by using factor analysis method.Result shows that there is relatively high consistency between the score of institutional factor and the development level of cooperative organization.Both macroscopic support system and internal benefit distribution system have greater impacts on the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization;the internal supervision factor and the interest factor of core members have insignificant impacts on the economic performance;and the production management factor has little effect on economic performance.Based on this,several suggestions are put forward,including standardizing and reforming the system,improving the countermeasures for economic performance,strengthening the support and policy guidance for Peasant Special Cooperative Organization,improving and standardizing the distribution of benefit system,the security system and monitoring system for core members' interests,and fully reflecting the interests of core members.

Preliminary research on problems of northeastChina's participation in the northeast Asianeconomic cooperation

According to various factors influencing the economic openness, this paper probestentatively into the way Northeast China complies with and participates in the Northeast Asiancooperation, with perticular attention to the analysis and estimation of the advantageousgeographical condition of the extenal cooperation in Northeast China from the present situation ofdeveloping the external economy and cooperation with the adjacent countries.

Promote China-Arab High-quality Cooperation under the Framework of the Belt and Road

At the Investment and Capacity Cooperation Conference of the Fourth China-Arab States Expo on September 5,2019,Ren Hongbin,assistant to the Commerce Minister,said that China-Arab bilateral trade and investment has been increasing.Capacity cooperation has been progressing steadily,bilateral trade has expanded,the China-Arab economic and trade cooperation park has been growing at an accelerated rate,and mutual cooperation has produced fruitful results.From 2016 to 2018,China-Arab trade has been increasing by nearly 20%annually.The bilateral trade has reached USD 126.7 billion in the first half of 2019.

Construction of senior service system in the context of a healthy China

Entering the new era,the healthy senior service cause in China has achieved great development.However,due to regional differences,there are still certain gaps between the actual demands of ageing service in China and the policies on senior service.Besides,there are some other problems to be solved,such as unimplemented associated systems and policies,insufficiency of social awareness and participation,ineffective supply and high vacancy of beds in nursing homes,the shortage and low quality of industry personnel.The development of the healthy endowment service industry needs further follow-up according to the actual situation.To solve the problems of insufficient supply of senior service resources,it is necessary to use social funds to encourage interested and capable social organizations and individuals to participate,and to form a system of senior services with Chinese characteristics with multi-disciplinary cooperation of government,industry,universities and institutes.

The Impact of lntemational Business for Intensive and Effective Economic Growth of China

In this research work, author focuses on the analysis the impact of international business for intensive and effectiveeconomic growth of China. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes andgrowth and there are the need for new approaches to trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currentlyre-shaping international business. The key of trade developments within the broader socio-economic context isespecially the rise of global supply chains, the general shift of trade power away fi＇om the West towards AsiaPacific state. In the new circumstances for the development of the global economy and the international trade,People＇s Republic of China seems to be a production superpower, able to change the world trade. The questionraised is whether the West will see China＇s rise as an opportunity for cooperation and peace or for conflict.Economic growth is generally more preferable in China to military and extensive expansion. With new investments,a country can transform its position through industrial expansion at home and sustain it through international trade.The main aim of the paper is the presentation of the impact of international business for intensive and effectiveeconomic growth of China.