Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Zr-Nd alloy with large final rolling deformation

In this study,the Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-χNd(χ=0,0.6)alloys were subjected to final rolling treatment with large deformation of 50%.The impact of annealing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated.The rolled Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-0.6Nd alloy exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 386 MPa,a yield strength of 361 MPa,and an elongation of 7.1%.Annealing at different temperatures resulted in reduced strength and obviously increased elongation for both alloys.Optimal mechanical properties for the Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr-0.6Nd alloy were achieved after annealing at 200℃,with an ultimate tensile strength of 287 MPa,a yield strength of 235 MPa,and an elongation of 26.1%.The numerous deformed microstructures,twins,and precipitated phases in the rolled alloy could impede the deformation at room temperature and increase the work hardening rate.After annealing,a decrease in the work hardening effect and an increase in the dynamic recovery effect were obtained due to the formation of fine equiaxed grains,and the increased volume fraction of precipitated phases,which significantly improved the elongation of the alloy.Additionally,the addition of Nd element could enhance the annealing recrystallization rate,reduce the Schmid factor difference between basal and prismatic slip systems,facilitate multi-system slip initiation and improve the alloy plasticity.

Influence of the finish rolling temperatures on the microstructure and texture evolution in the ferritic stainless steels

The influence of the finish rolling temperature on the microstructure and texture evolution of Nb and B micro-alloyed ultra purified Cr17 ferritic stainless steels was investigated. The hot rolled bands were produced by conventional rolling process and the finish rolling at relatively low temperatures or ＂warm rolling＂. The microstructure was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the texture evolution processes. The results showed that as compared to conventional hot rolling process, the warm rolling has led to the refined and homogeneous microstructure and uniform recrystallization texture along γ-fiber in final sheets, indicating that the finish rolling at relatively low temperatures can be the effective way to improve significantly the formability of final sheets.

Effects of final rolling temperature and coiling temperature on precipitates and microstructure of high-strength low-alloy pipeline steel

The strength-to-weight ratio is an important property of high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel in pipeline,whose precipitation strengthening can be improved.The final rolling temperature(FRT)and coiling temperature(CT)are the key process parameters in the control of precipitates and microstructure.Continuous cooling rate was fixed at 10℃/s,and the effects of deformation and coiling temperatures on precipitates and microstructure of Ti-Nb microalloyed HSLA steel were investigated through thermo-mechanical controlled processing on Gleeble 3500.The microstructure is mainly acicular ferrite with high density dislocation and several microns scale.The size and volume fraction of the precipitates were studied under transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that the diameter of the precipitates was in the range between 4 and 240 nm.The optimized combination of parameters is FRT of 820℃and CT of 550℃,and the volume fraction of precipitates obtained under this process is 0.59%.

基于数据驱动的热连轧终轧温度预测

终轧温度是热连轧生产过程中主要控制的工艺参数,是确保带钢质量的重要前提。带钢在精轧阶段经历复杂的换热过程,现场采用的半机理模型很难提高预测精度。针对此问题,从数据驱动角度出发,建立一种基于多策略改进鲸鱼优化算法(IWOA)与极限学习机(ELM)相结合的终轧温度预测模型。融入柯西变异提升鲸鱼算法跳出局部最优的能力;借助余弦控制因子平衡鲸鱼算法全局搜索与局部开发能力;引入翻身觅食策略降低鲸鱼算法陷入局部最优的概率和提升算法的收敛速度。实验结果表明:建立的IWOA-ELM终轧温度预测模型在预报精度方面优势明显,预测终轧温度在±6℃以内的命中率为94%,具有广阔的应用前景。

终轧温度与终冷温度对440 MPa级船体钢组织与性能的影响

围绕船体钢强度升级与高效焊接的需求,设计了低C-Nb-V复合微合金化钢,研究了不同终轧温度与不同终冷温度下440 MPa级船体钢的组织与力学性能。结果表明:在未再结晶区终轧,随着终轧温度的降低,钢的晶粒得到细化,临界区轧制使钢中大小角度晶界密度大幅提高,同时带状珠光体逐渐退化,组织由铁素体+珠光体逐渐演变为准多边形铁素体+少量珠光体,在力学性能上体现为强度逐渐提高而-40℃冲击功保持稳定。随着终冷温度的降低,晶粒细化不明显,但是钢中大、小角度晶界密度显著提高,钢的组织由铁素体+珠光体转变为准多边形铁素体+珠光体,再转变为贝氏体+针状铁素体,在力学性能上体现为强度与-40℃冲击功的一并提高。

氮含量与终轧温度对钛微合金化高强钢CGLC700低温冲击韧性的影响

针对钛微合金化高强钢CGLC700低温冲击韧性差的问题,通过热力学计算与高温原位观察,采用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和光学显微镜对含Ti高强钢的夹杂物、第二相粒子、断口形貌和低温冲击韧性等进行了研究。结果表明,含Ti高强钢低温冲击韧性差的原因与钢中大尺寸脆性夹杂物和Ti(C,N)、TiN析出相有关。将钢中w[N]从0.0049%降低至≤0.0035%时,可以有效降低钢中脆性夹杂物的数量和尺寸,从而提高钢材冲击韧性;终轧温度从885~895℃降低至875~885℃,可以促使纳米级TiC第二相粒子析出和大角度晶界的生成,并降低有效晶粒尺寸,从而明显改善钢材的低温冲击韧性;同时降低氮含量至≤0.0035%与终轧温度在875~885℃时,钛微合金化高强钢中平均晶粒尺寸从3.1μm降至2.7μm,小尺寸有效晶粒占比高,大尺寸夹杂物及数密度降低,大角度晶界中占比增长了16.6%,钢材低温冲击功可以从14.75 J提高到37.35 J。

大口径厚规格X80管线用钢板热轧工艺研究

在X80管线钢热轧板材合金化成分体系设计的基础上,利用中试冶炼轧制平台开展X80管线钢板热轧工艺研究。结果表明:X80管线钢板压下率大于26%并待温60 s时,奥氏体晶粒发生再结晶,获得明显细化的再结晶组织;卷取温度为400℃时,M-A岛细而弥散地分布于基体中,与之相对应的DWTT韧性较优。综合考虑X80管线钢化学成分的合金化特点,以及板卷屈服强度、屈强比、夏比冲击功和DWTT剪切面积百分比的理想控制水平,为工业化试制选择了(400±35)℃的卷取温度。

终轧温度与常化时间对高强无取向硅钢析出物的影响

系统研究了不同终轧温度及常化时间对高强无取向硅钢中析出物析出行为的影响,结果表明:常化板、冷轧脱碳板和成品板中析出物类型相似,主要包括AlN+Nb(C, N)+Ti(C, N)复合析出物及以AlN和Ce(S, O)为中心的球状含稀土复合析出物。适当提高终轧温度、延长常化时间,常化板中析出物尺寸增大,面密度下降,且此趋势最终遗传到成品板中。终轧温度为1 000℃、常化时间为5 min时,成品板析出物尺寸集中分布在0.3~1.0μm范围内,析出物面密度为79个/1 000μm^(2)。

TP439钢带冷弯成型性能影响因素分析

使用两种相同厚度但不同制造工艺和成分的TP439钢带,采用相同的冷弯成型工艺生产同规格的产品,通过检测和分析金相组织、残余应力(C型法)、拉伸和硬度性能,发现影响TP439钢带冷弯成型性能的主要因素是化学成分和终轧温度。其中化学成分中C和N影响较大,主要影响钢带的硬度、强度和延伸率;终轧温度主要影响钢带晶粒度;低硬度、低屈服强度、高延伸率和细晶粒度有利于冷弯成型。通过对上述影响因素的分析研究,可为冷弯成型用TP439钢带的性能控制提供指导。

热轧精轧机组薄带材轧制能力评估技术的研究

针对某钢厂热轧产线生产能力不明确、在进行薄规格带钢产品规格扩展时没有理论支撑、只能通过现场轧制实验试错,使得设备和原料损失较大且轧后产品质量无法保证等问题,充分考虑某钢厂热轧精轧机组的设备与工艺特点,在轧制温度、变形抗力、轧制压力及轧制功率等基本工艺模型开发的基础上开发一套考虑轧制温度对变形抗力影响的热轧精轧机组轧薄能力评估算法,并开发相应的评估软件,将其用于现场,为后续产品规格扩展提供了理论依据,提高了企业产品市场竞争力。

本钢取向硅钢热轧基料BRQ的开发

介绍本钢结合自身设备条件开发取向硅钢热轧基料实践,阐述了如何根据本钢炼钢及连铸工序设备特点和极限条件,设计取向硅钢BRQ热轧基料的冶炼和热轧工艺,控制并解决了无二冷段电搅导致的铸坯组织问题,以及热轧板坯加热炉装炉、温度和时间控制,3/4连轧机组粗精轧区域温降、速度和稳定性等问题。通过工艺优化,形成对应有限设备条件的工艺和生产方案,实现了取向硅钢热轧基料BRQ的稳定生产。

高线盘螺差温粗轧+低温精轧+风冷气雾冷却工艺实践生产应用

根据轧制理论,轧制过程中在较大温度梯度条件下,中心区域更容易变形,奥氏体组织更加细小,从而改善钢材组织和力学性能。

热轧高强钢带卷板形质量控制

河钢集团唐钢公司所产热卷板形缺陷多以带卷双侧浪及板形翘曲为主,严重影响了下游用户开平质量、激光落料等质量控制的稳定及生产效率的提升。本文从带钢肋部(距带钢边部100 mm位置)与边部温差控制、热轧工艺参数设定及层冷工艺选用、带钢两侧侧喷开启等方面分析了热轧高强钢板卷DS侧边浪产生的原因,并给出了减小热轧带钢内应力的措施。发现,带钢边部温度较带钢肋部温度低约50~90℃不等,此区域带钢处于热传递最大区域,带钢向外传递出去的热量最多,故该区域温度呈急剧下降趋势,温度变化大,是带钢最终板形产生边浪的主因;热轧带钢肋部与边部温差与定宽机减宽量及终轧温度有关,200~250 mm的定宽量较50~100 mm的定宽量带钢边部温降可减少约20℃,终轧温度由895℃降到885℃,带钢的肋部与边部的温差可减小约10~20℃;而层冷工艺的选择应根据精轧出口带钢横断面温差,结合各钢种、规格在冷却过程中带中与带边组织及晶粒均匀性实施综合考虑,以更好地控制热轧带卷板形质量。

Simultaneously Improving Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel via Finish Rolling within Non-recrystallization Temperature

The effect of hot rolling process on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking(SCC)resistance of high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steels was investigated by varying the finish rolling temperature(FRT)and total rolling reduction.The results revealed granular bainite with large equiaxed grains was obtained by a total rolling reduction of60%with the FRT of 950℃(within recrystallization temperature T_(r)).The larger grain size and much less grain boundaries should account for the relatively lower strength and SCC resistance.A larger rolling reduction of 80% under the same FRT resulted in the formation of massive martensite-austenite(M/A)constituents and resultant low ductility and SCC resistance.In contrast,a good combination of strength,ductility and SCC resistance was obtained via 80% rolling reduction with the FRT of 860℃(within non-recrystallization temperature T_(nr)),probably because of the fine grain size and M/A constituents,as well as a high density of grain boundary network.

Effect of Finish Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Grade Pipeline Steel

The correlation among finish rolling temperature (FRT),microstructure and mechanical property of the high grade pipeline steel was investigated in this study.The microstructure of the steels with different finish rolling temperatures was observed with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The martensite/austenite (M/A) islands distribution was fixed by colour metallography,and the mechanical properties of the steels were tested with quasi-static tensile testing machine.The result shows that the fraction of M/A island increased with the finish rolling temperature decreasing,and when the finish rolling temperature is 800℃,the mechanical properties are the best.

某CSP线生产热轧双相钢DP600终轧温度的研究

针对某CSP短流程生产线的特点,设计了中温卷取型600 MPa级热轧双相钢的化学成分,测定了其动态CCT曲线。研究了终轧温度对热轧板的显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:终轧温度在821~858℃变化时,热轧板的显微组织均由铁素体和马氏体组成。随着终轧温度的升高,铁素体的体积分数略微增大,由84.60%增大到85.14%,而铁素体的晶粒尺寸增大较为明显,由5.07μm增大到5.97μm。不同终轧温度下,抗拉强度均达到600 MPa以上,伸长率均在24.0%以上,应力-应变曲线均表现为连续屈服。但随着终轧温度的升高,热轧板的屈服强度呈现降低趋势,当终轧温度达到858℃时,热轧板的屈服强度(322 MPa)未达到DP600钢的性能要求(325 MPa以上)。结合某CSP线的特点及DP600钢的性能要求,生产DP600钢合理的终轧温度规程应为(830±15)℃。

终轧温度对2024铝合金晶间腐蚀和力学性能的影响

对均匀化态2024铝合金进行不同终轧温度的热轧处理,经固溶后再进行为期4 d的自然时效。通过背散射电子衍射(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学实验研究了终轧温度对2024铝合金力学性能和晶间腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,轧态2024铝合金内存在剪切织构和少量再结晶织构,而固溶后出现了部分典型轧制织构。终轧温度影响合金组织和织构变化。终轧温度较低(207℃)时合金的平均晶粒尺寸和平均Schmid因子小,强度高;终轧温度较高(280℃)时合金小角度晶界和{111}面织构占比高,具有较大Schmid因子的织构含量少,抗晶间腐蚀性能优良。

轧制工艺对中碳高锰钢轧材组织的影响研究

对比研究了两种轧制工艺下中碳高锰钢轧材的组织差异。结果表明,提高加热温度,延长加热时间,有利于提高轧材成分、硬度的均匀,并且提高终轧温度,可以增加奥氏体尺寸,减少铁素体形核,增大轧后冷却速度,抑制合金元素的偏析扩散,改善带状组织。

无缝钢管定径机组末架孔型的设计

介绍了一种钢管定径机组末架孔型的设计方法。从实际孔型设计中的数据出发,利用电子表格中的公式计算及函数关系,建立定径孔型设计方程,确定定径末架孔型设计值与钢管实际尺寸的关系,推导出影响定径出口温度的不同因素与定径精轧末架孔型设计值之间的关系,建立出适用的定径末架孔型设计回归方程。用该方法计算出的终轧温度与热膨胀系数与实测值几乎一致,说明该方法适用于现场生产。

基于DSCCR生产工艺的终轧温度对轧制过程中低碳钢组织与性能影响分析

基于东华连铸连轧生产线(Donghua steel continuous casting rolling,DSCCR)分别进行终轧温度为880,820℃和780℃的热轧实验,研究终轧温度对低碳钢组织和性能的影响。采用光学显微镜(optical microscope,OM)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、电子背散射衍射(electron backscatter diffraction,EBSD)技术等表征手段观察分析了不同终轧温度下热轧带钢的微观组织,同时对热轧带钢的拉伸力学性能进行测试和分析,对比分析不同终轧温度条件下热轧带钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率的变化情况。此外,还对不同终轧温度下热轧带钢的氧化铁皮厚度进行测定。结果表明:随着终轧温度的降低,带钢屈强比及伸长率都降低,屈强比由880℃时的0.8~0.81降低至780℃时的0.75~0.79,伸长率由880℃时的40%下降到780℃时的27%,应变硬化指数n值也从880℃时的0.22下降到780℃时的0.17;同时,对不同终轧温度下热轧带钢氧化铁皮进行观察分析,随着终轧温度的降低,氧化铁皮厚度减小,氧化铁皮厚度由880℃时的10.2μm下降至780℃时的8.8μm,降幅达13.7%,氧化铁皮的降低可提高后续酸洗效率,降低酸洗消耗。