Multiple Phases of Mafic Magmatism in Gyangze-Kangma Area: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of Eastern Tethyan Himalaya

A number of E-W trending subparallel mafic dikes of diabase composition occurred in Gyangze-Kangma area,eastern Tethyan Himalaya,southern Tibet.They intruded into the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary sequence.Whether they belong to the;32 Ma Comei LIP（Zhu et al.,2009）or

Application of seismic sedimentology in oilfield exploration and development： taking the eastern area of Pre-Caspian Basin as an example

滨里海盆地东部盐下下二叠统层序SⅢ主要发育辫状河三角洲和滨浅海沉积,该区钻井分布少、砂体厚度薄、典型地震相标志少,常规的沉积相研究方法受到一定的限制,沉积砂体分布范围不明确.利用90°相位转换和地层切片技术,对层序SⅢ的高位体系域进行了地震沉积学研究,通过对地层切片的解释,精细刻画出辫状河三角洲前缘砂体在不同时期的平面分布范围,预测了沉积相在时空上的演化规律,为油气勘探开发提供地质依据.

Examination of seasonal variation of the equatorial undercurrent termination in the Eastern Pacifi c diagnosed by ECCO2

Seasonal variations of the equatorial undercurrent(EUC) termination in the Eastern Pacific,and their mechanism were examined using the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean,PhaseⅡ(ECCO2).The ECCO2 reproduced a weak and shallow eastward EUC east of the Galapagos Islands,with annual mean transport of half of EUC to the west of the Islands.The diagnosis of zonal momentum equation suggests that the zonal advection(nonlinear terms) drives the EUC beyond the Islands rather than the pressure gradient force.The EUC in the Far Eastern Pacific has the large st core velocity in boreal spring and the smallest one in boreal summer,and its volume transport exhibits two maxima in boreal spring and autumn.The seasonal variability of the EUC in the Eastern Pacific is dominated by the Kelvin and Rossby waves excited by the zonal winds anomalies in the central and Eastern Pacific that are associated with the seasonal relaxation or intensification of the trade wind.In the Far Eastern Pacific to the east of 120°W,the eastward propagation Kelvin waves play a dominate role in the seasonal cycle of the EUC,results in a semiannual fluctuation with double peaks in boreal spring and autumn.A construction of water mass budget suggests that approximately 24.1% of the EUC water east of 100°W has upwelled to the mixed layer by0.35 m/d.The estimated upwelling is stronge st during boreal autumn and weake st during boreal winter.It is also found that approximately 42.6% of the EUC turns westward to feed the south equatorial current(SEC),13.2% flows north of the equator,and 20.1% flows south of the equator,mainly contributing to Peru-Chile undercurrent.

Imaging the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China with CEArray receiver functions

We analyzed a total of 37 427 receiver-function data recorded by national and regional broadband seismic networks of the China Earthquake Administration to study the mantle transition zone beneath eastern and central China. Significant topography on both the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities was clearly imaged in the 3D volume of CCP （common-conversion-point） stacked images that cover an area of 102.5°F-122.5°E and 22.0°N-42.0°N. 3D crustal and mantle velocity models were used in computing the Ps time moveouts to better image the absolute depths of the two discontinuities. We found that the 660-km discontinuity is depressed up to 25 km along the east coast of China, indicating the presence of the subducted Pacific slab in the region. More interestingly, a double 660-km was observed beneath the Huanghai Sea, which was not seen from the 410-km discontinuity. We found a strong and localized anomaly beneath the Quaternary Datong volcano located at the northeastern edge of the Ordos Plateau in North China. The 410-km is depressed by as much as 15 km beneath the volcano. If the amount of the depression is caused by unmodeled low velocity anomaly in the upper mantle, it requires either a strong （4%-8%） localized low velocity anomaly near the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary or -1.5% low velocity column across the entire upper mantle above the 410-km. The latter could suggest a deep origin of the Datong volcano, although it was usually attributed to edge-driven convection by most of the literatures.

Annual spatio-temporal migration patterns of Hooded Cranes wintering in Izumi based on satellite tracking and their implications for conservation

Background: The Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) is listed as a vulnerable species by IUCN. Knowledge about the migration of the Hooded Crane is still limited. Here we reported the spatio-temporal migration patterns of Hooded Cranes wintering in Izumi, Japan, as well as important stopover areas for their conservation.Methods: Four adult and five subadult cranes, all wintering in Izumi, Japan, were fitted with satellite transmitters(GPS–GSM system) at their stopover sites in northeastern China in 2014 and 2015. We analyzed the time and duration of adults and subadults in spring and autumn migration, as well as the time and duration they stayed in breeding and wintering ground. In addition, we analyzed the land use of the cranes in stopover areas.Results: Adult cranes took much longer time to migrate both north in spring(mean days) compared with subadult cranes(15.3 and 5.2 days, respectively). H= 44.3 days) and south in fall(mean = 54.0 owever, the subadults had longer wintering(mean = 149.8 days) and nomadic(breeding season for adults) seasons(mean d with adults(133.8 and 122.3 days, respectively). Three important stopover areas have been= 196.8 days) compare identified: the region around Muraviovka Park in Russia, the Songnen Plain in China, and the west coast of South Korea, where cranes spent most of their migration time(62.2 and 85.7% in spring and autumn, respectively). During migration, nomadic period and winter, Hooded Cranes usually stay in croplands for resting and feeding. In non-wintering season, less than 6% of stopover sites were located within protected areas.Conclusion: Overall, our results contribute to understanding the annual spatio-temporal migration patterns of Hooded Cranes in the eastern flyway, and planning conservation measures for this species.

Factors influencing synthesis and properties of MAX phases

MAX phases are a member of ternary carbide and nitride,with a layered crystal structure and a mixed nature of chemical bonds(covalent-ionic-metallic)that promote MAX phases embracing both ceramic and metal characteristics.As a result,MAX phase ceramics emerge with remarkable properties unique from other traditional ceramics.In this review,we focus on alternate processing approaches for MAX phases that are cost-effective and energy-saving.The MAX phase purity,formation of other unwanted phases,microstructure,and properties are influenced by many parameters during processing.Therefore,we highlight the effect of numerous factors,which alternately diminish the efficiency and performance of materials.Here,the impact of several parameters,such as starting materials,stoichiometric composition,temperature,pressure,particle size,porosity,microstructure,mechanical alloying,mechanical activation,ion irradiation,and doping,are summarized to reveal their influence on the synthesis and properties of MAX phases.The potential applications of MAX phases are considered for their development on a commercial scale toward the industry.

Optimization of train plan for urban rail transit in the multi-routing mode

The train plan of urban rail transit under multi-routing mode can be divided into three parts： train formation, train operation periods and corresponding train counts of each routing in each period. Based on the analysis of passen- ger＇s general travel expenses and operator＇s benefits, the constraints and objective functions are defined and the multiobjective optimization model for the train plan of urban rail transit is presented. Factors considered in the multi- objective optimization model include transport capacity, the requirements of traffic organization, corporation benefits, passenger demands, and passenger choice behavior under multi-train-routing mode. According to the characteristics of this model and practical planning experience, a three-phase solution was designed to gradually optimize the train formarion, train counts as well as operation periods. The instance of Changsha Metro Line 2 validates the feasibility and efficiency of this approach.

Multi-step Reaction Route Developed for Improving Crystallinity of Boron Nitride Nanoparticles

A multi-step reaction route was developed to synthesize boron nitride（BN） nanoparticles via the reactionbetween NaN3 and BC13 in a benzene-thermal solution. By means of this route, the crystallinity of BN nanoparticleswas improved via increasing the reaction steps. Meanwhile, a phase transformation from hexagonal BN（hBN） or tur-bostratic BN（tBN） to cubic BN（cBN） occurred, resulting in the increase of cBN content. Moreover, the content ofcBN also slightly increased when the temperature was elevated from 265 ℃ to 280 ℃.

A NEW ROUTE FROM HETEROAROMATIC BORON COMPOUNDS TO CORRESPONDING KETONES VIA DICHLOROCARBENE INSERTION UNDER PHASE TRANSFER CONDITIONS

The reactions of tri-2-benzofuranylborane or aminoethyl di-2-thienylborinate and 2-thienylphenylborinate with dichlorocarbene generated in situ from chloroform under phase transfer conditions were explored as a new route for the preparation of heteroaromatic ketones. It was found that a good yield of the ketones can be obtained by solid-liquid system.

Synthesis,formation mechanism,and intrinsic physical properties of several As/P-containing MAX phases

321 phases are an atypical series of MAX phases,in which A=As/P,with superior elastic properties,fea-turing in the MA-triangular-prism bilayers in the crystal structure.Until now,besides Nb 3 As 2 C,the pure phases of the other 321 compounds have not been realized,hampering the study of their intrinsic prop-erties.Here,molten-salt sintering(MSS)and solid-state synthesis(SSS)were applied to synthesize As/P-containing 321 phases and 211 phases.Analyzing the phase composition of the end-product via multiple-phase Rietveld refinement,we found that MSS can effectively improve the purity of P-containing MAX phases,with the phase content up to 99%in Nb_(3)P_(2)C and 75.4(5)%in Nb 2 PC.In contrast,MSS performed poorly on As-containing MAX phases,only 8.9(4)%for Nb 3 As 2 C and 64(2)%for Nb 2 AsC,as opposed to the pure phases obtained by SSS.The experimental analyses combined with first-principles calculations reveal that the dominant formation route of Nb_(3)P_(2)C is through NbP+Nb+C→Nb_(3)P_(2)C.Moreover,we found that the benefits of MSS on P-containing MAX phases are on the facilitation of three consid-ered chemical reaction routes,especially on Nb 2 PC+NbP→Nb_(3)P_(2)C.Furthermore,the intrinsic physical properties and Fermi surface topology of two 321 phases consisting of electron,hole,and open orbits are revealed theoretically and experimentally,in which the electron carriers are dominant in electrical trans-port.The feasible synthesis methods and the formation mechanism are instructive to obtain high-purity As/P-containing MAX phases and explore new MAX phases.Meanwhile,the intrinsic physical properties will give great support for future applications on 321 phases.

南水北调东线一期工程受水区生态环境效益演变

研究南水北调东线一期工程通水以来受水区生态环境效益的演变态势,对南水北调后续工程高质量建设、加快构建国家水网以及促进工程综合效益发挥有决策参考作用。以定性定量相结合的方式分析东线一期工程在优化水资源配置、保障饮水安全、复苏河湖生态环境和畅通南北经济循环等方面的作用,进而结合层次分析法,从直接效益和间接效益2个方面,筛选构建东线一期工程受水区生态环境效益评价指标体系,主要包括工程年供水量、水质改善度、生态补水量、地下水压采量、地下水水位、水域面积、绿地面积和涵养水源等,并采用VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR)多准则妥协解排序方法对南水北调东线一期工程通水以来即2013-2022年受水区生态环境效益演变态势进行分析。结果表明:南水北调东线一期工程通水的10年以来,受水区的生态环境整体复苏效果明显,近3年排序值保持在0.8以上;受降水偏枯进而影响地下水开采量和地下水水位等因素影响,2019年间接生态环境效益下降29.2%,之后迅速恢复并保持稳定。在分析直接效益和间接效益演变的基础上,从工程提质增效、提高工程水质状况以及完善体制机制建设等方面提出东线一期工程进一步促进受水区生态环境持续改善的策略和建议,以期为东线工程及受水区生态环境保护及高质量发展相关研究、决策制定等提供参考。

东晋会稽士僧群与浙江诗歌之路的早期开拓

东晋永和年间,会稽聚集了众多的名士、名僧,成为重要的佛教中心。其中支遁等高僧不仅富有名士风度而且长于诗歌创作,“言咏属文”成为会稽士僧交往的重要内容。在佛教的推动下,会稽发展为东晋中后期诗歌创作的中心。会稽是浙江诗歌之路中的重要区域,与钱塘江诗歌之路、瓯江山水诗之路、浙东唐诗之路都有密切的关系。因此,会稽的诗歌创作风气,以及会稽士僧在迁移、流动中对会稽诗歌的传播,促进了剡县、天台山、钱塘、永嘉等地诗歌创作的发展,对浙江诗歌之路的形成具有早期的开拓之功。

On conservation and development of architecture and environment in the construction of large-scale national infrastructure——Exemplified by the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project

The water-diverting route project’s characteristics,natural landscapes,and histories and humanism of the Jiangsu Section of the Eastern Route South-to-North Water Diversion Project were systemically analyzed through proposing and studying the canal culture routes,the water resources heritage corridors,the landscape and recreation corridors,and the town economic corridors.The station areas along the water-diverting route were scientifically zoned and graded through quantitative and qualitative synthetic methods.Both planning compendiums and construction controlling methods were proposed based on the project grades of points,lines,and areas.Conservation and development of architecture and environment in the large-scale national infrastructure construction were explored systemically.Theories and methods of developing harmonious water-supplying functions,ecological functions,landscape effects,and cultural effects of large-scale water resources were examined.

南水北调东线江苏段典型泵站运行效率模拟模型

泵站机组运行受多种因素影响,导致泵站运行理论效率与实际效率误差较大。针对泵站机组运行效率精准模拟难题,运用基于高价多项式回归、回归树、多元线性回归、向量机回归、高斯过程回归、神经网络的10个回归算法,建立泵站机组效率模拟模型并开展对比分析,优选出有效的泵站运行效率模拟建模方法。讨论分析采用“上下游水位+流量”代替传统“扬程+流量”开展泵站运行模拟的效果。以南水北调东线邳州站和遂宁二站共8台机组的历史数据开展实例分析,相关实验结果表明:在所有方法中,高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression,GPR)模型在均方根误差(ERMS)、平均绝对误差(EMA)、均方误差(EMS)、决定系数(R2)和最大个体误差(EMI)指标上综合表现最佳,R2逼近0.95;使用站上、站下水位代替传统的扬程对模型进行训练,所有模型的综合评价指标整体有所改善。综合来看,使用GPR模型并使用上游、下游水位代替扬程进行模拟效率表现最好,以邳州站4号机为例,可将模拟效率的EMA和EMI分别从16.49%和20.40%减少至0.41%和2.30%,研究成果具有一定实际意义,可为我国调水工程泵站经济运行提供有力支撑。

基于耦合协调性的区域洪水资源利用评价

为全面理解和优化区域水资源利用格局、提高区域水资源利用率,以南水北调东线工程江苏段主要涉及的徐州、宿迁、淮安3个城市为研究对象,以2010-2022年数据为基础从基于洪水资源开发利用的水资源利用、经济社会发展、生态环境保护3个维度,采用共23项指标在使用熵权法确定权重的基础上,构建基于洪水资源开发利用的水资源利用-经济社会-生态环境系统容量耦合协调发展模型,并结合匹配度模型进行比较分析,运用障碍度模型分析影响耦合协调发展的因素。结果表明:3个城市的综合系统发展水平均由初级阶段上升到良好阶段。徐州、宿迁和淮安市的耦合协调度变化分别为勉强协调到良好协调、初级协调到良好协调以及初级协调到中级协调,而3个城市耦合协调度在后期均超越匹配度,达到理想协调状态。影响协调度的主要障碍因子为洪水资源利用潜力、森林覆盖率以及洪水资源量,且对于3个系统的障碍度分析,3个城市各自有不同的主导影响因素,徐州市复合系统耦合协调度主要受水资源利用影响较大,宿迁市受经济社会影响较大,而淮安市则受生态环境影响较大,因此,各市应当合理利用水库及蓄滞洪区的削峰、调蓄能力,增加洪水资源可利用量,提高洪水资源利用效率,降低洪灾发生频率,在保证经济和生态用水效率的同时,减少因洪灾带来的经济及生态损失。

南水北调东线工程江苏段泵站安全监测现状及专业化管理探讨

泵站是南水北调东线工程的主要组成部分,在运行期对泵站进行监测是保障东线工程安全运行的重要手段。为提高东线工程泵站群的安全监测专业化管理水平,通过实地考察、现场调研等手段,对东线工程江苏段宝应站、邳州站、金湖站、泗洪站、解台站等14座泵站的安全监测设施状况进行系统性的排查,并分析东线工程江苏段泵站的历年年度监测资料整编情况,结果表明:当前东线工程江苏段泵站主要存在自动化监测水平低、扬压力设施损坏严重、监测资料整编分析不规范等问题,难以全面准确地掌握泵站真实的运行状况。针对当前存在的问题,建议管理单位加强安全监测作业标准化建设并提高设施养护水平,开展安全监测系统鉴定和自动化升级改造,建立泵站工程安全监测监督平台和泵站群安全管理数字孪生体系,以实时掌握各泵站工作状态,保障泵站群安全运行。

El Niño事件发展期对中国东部夏季极端降水的影响

利用1961−2020年的再分析资料和中国台站观测降水数据集,研究了东部型El Niño事件发展期夏季对中国夏季极端降水的影响.结果表明,东部型El Niño在发展期夏季对中国极端降水的影响主要表现在中国东部地区,造成华北和江南地区极端降水减少,江淮地区极端降水显著增多.进一步分析其中的物理过程发现,当东部型El Niño事件处于发展期夏季时,赤道东太平洋出现显著的海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)暖异常,西太平洋区域表现为冷异常,导致反气旋性环流异常.同时,西北太平洋区域存在SST暖异常,对应气旋性环流异常.异常的SST分布激发了“正-负-正(+−+)”的东亚-太平洋型(East Asia-Pacific,EAP)波列异常,对应着“负-正-负(−+−)”的降水配置.在2个异常环流的交汇处有显著的辐合上升运动,为江淮地区带去了充足的水汽.而华北地区主要受到反气旋性环流和蒙古高压的共同控制,并受到来自高纬度地区的异常西北风影响,存在显著的辐散下沉运动,降水的动力条件不足.并且,在东部型El Niño事件发展期夏季,西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏东,不利于江南地区降水的发生及水汽的输送,进一步造成江南地区极端降水减少.以上结果显示东部型El Niño事件在其发展期夏季对中国极端降水存在重要的影响,为区域极端气候预测提供了理论依据.

Unipol气相法聚乙烯冷凝模式控制分析及操作优化

对Unipol气相法聚乙烯冷凝模式的进冷凝过程中引起反应系统波动的原因进行了分析,明确了采用冷凝模式切换时应尽量增大反应器入口液相含量、减小固体含量的控制原则。分析了反应器入口固、液含量的影响因素,确定了采用低密度牌号产品开工,以提升反应负荷、增加异戊烷含量和降低循环气气速为调节方法,从而快速降低反应器进料温度,提高循环气露点,减少细粉夹带量。同时总结了进冷凝操作的优化方法及注意事项,从而实现冷凝操作模式的平稳、快速切换。

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维纺丝工艺的研究进展

结合国内外生产研究现状,对超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的发展历程、工艺路线、纺丝原理及其应用进行了梳理,从分子链聚集态结构变化的角度对冻胶纤维的超倍热拉伸和热定形进行解读,通过热致相分离的原理对冻胶丝成形进行阐述。并针对国内外现有研究工艺中的不足,对提高UHMWPE纤维力学性能、抗蠕变性等方面提出工艺改进方案,以期为UHMWPE纤维在不同领域中的应用和发展提供有益参考。

南运河冬季输水冰情及对策研究

南运河的冬季输水工作开展较少,冰期输水经验不足。2022—2023年度,南水北调东线北延输水为线路启用以来首次冬季输水。输水期间,在南运河段设立安陵、北陈屯2个观测站点,对冰期输水各个阶段的冰情特点进行观测,从而了解并掌握冰情的变化规律,并提出冰期输水对策,为今后的冰期输水工作提供参考。