Effects of Intracratonic Strike-slip Fault on the Differentiation of Carbonate Microfacies: A Case Study of a Permian Platform Margin in the Sichuan Basin(SW China)

In intracratnoic basins, the effect of strike-slip faults on sedimentary microfacies is generally underestimated due to their small scale. Based on the integration of core, well logs, and three-dimensional seismic data, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Permian carbonate platform and strike-slip faults in the southwestern Kaijiang-Liangping trough of the Sichuan Basin. The relationship between strike-slip faults and Permian carbonate microfacies is investigated. The results reveals the existence of a NW-trending strike-slip fault zone along the platform margin, exhibiting clear segmentation. The western side of the study area exhibits a rimmed platform margin characterized by type I reefs, which corresponds to the presence of a large-scale strike-slip fault zone. In contrast, the eastern side is characterized by a norimmed and weak rimmed platform margin, accompanied by type II reefs, which align with smaller strike-slip fault zones. It was found that the strike-slip fault had some effects on the platform and reef-shoal complex of the Permain Changxing Formation. First, the platform was divided by strike-slip fault into three segments to show rimmed, week rimmed and norimmed platform. Second, reef-shoal complex devolped along the faulted high position in the strike-slip fault zone, and separated by faulted depression. Third, strike-slip faults can offset or migrated the reef-shoal complex and platform margin. Additionally, the thickness of the platform margin varies across strike-slip fault zone, which is related to the activity of strike-slip faults. The strike-slip faults affect the microfacies by controlling the pre-depositional paleotopography. This case suggests that the strike-slip faults play a crucial role in the diversity and distribution of carbonate microfacies in the intracratonic basin.

Chip Formation Mechanism of Inconel 718: A Review of Models and Approaches

Inconel 718,a nickel,chrome and iron alloy,has special advantages,such as high-temperature strength,thermal resistance and corrosion resistance,which facilitate wide usage in the aerospace industry,especially in the hot sections of gas turbine engines.However,machining this alloy is correlated closely with the material’s inherent properties such as excellent combination of strength,hardness and toughness,low thermal conductivity and the tendency to adhere to cutting tools.This nickel alloy also contains inclusions of hard abrasive carbide particles that lead to work-hardening of the workpiece material and thus abrasive wear of the cutting tool.That is,the machining of Inconel 718 is always influenced by high mechanical and thermal loads.This article reviews the chip formation mechanism of Inconel 718.One of the main characteristics in machining of Inconel 718 is that it will produce serrated or segmented chips in a wide range of cutting speeds and feeds.Existing studies show that the chip serration or segmentation by shear localization affects the machined surface integrity,and also contributes to the chip’s evacuation and the automation of machining operations.Thus,research conclusion indicates that the serrated or segmented chip phenomenon is desirable in reducing the level of cutting force,and detailed analysis of models and approaches to understand the chip formation mechanism of Inconel 718 is vital for machining this alloy effectively and efficiently.Therefore,this article presents some summaries on the models and approaches on the chip formation in machining of Inconel 718.

Segmented evolution of Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough in Sichuan Basin and its significance for oil and gas exploration, SW China

Based on analysis of field survey, drilling and seismic data, the formation and evolution process of Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough in Sichuan Basin was reconstructed, and exploration areas were divided and evaluated. The results show that:(1) Dengying Formation in and around Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough varies widely in sedimentary characteristics. The Dengying Formation in the northern part of the erosion rift trough developed deep-water sediments, the Dengying Formation in the northern part of the basin varied gradually from basin to slope, platform margin, and restricted platform, and the Dengying Formation in the middle and southern parts of the trough developed carbonate platform facies.(2) Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough is formed by extensional rift and karst erosion jointly, the north section of the erosion rift trough is mainly the product of tensile rift, while the middle and south sections are formed by erosion in multi-episodes of Tongwan period.(3) Based on the segmented origins of the erosion rift trough, Dengying Formation in and around it is divided into three exploration fields: lithologic mound and beach bodies at the northern platform margin of the basin, karst mound and beach bodies in the central platform, and karst residual mounds in the central southern trough of the basin, among them, the karst residual mounds in the central southern trough of the basin are a new frontier for natural gas exploration in the basin, and the lithologic mound and beach bodies at the northern platform margin are a new position for increasing the reserves of trillions of cubic meters of natural gas resources in the basin.

AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELDS BASED ON MULTI-ATLAS IMAGE SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES

The volume of hippocampal subfields is closely related with early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Due to the anatomical complexity of hippocampal subfields,automatic segmentation merely on the content of MR images is extremely difficult.We presented a method which combines multi-atlas image segmentation with extreme learning machine based bias detection and correction technique to achieve a fully automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields.Symmetric diffeomorphic registration driven by symmetric mutual information energy was implemented in atlas registration,which allows multi-modal image registration and accelerates execution time.An exponential function based label fusion strategy was proposed for the normalized similarity measure case in segmentation combination,which yields better combination accuracy.The test results show that this method is effective,especially for the larger subfields with an overlap of more than 80%,which is competitive with the current methods and is of potential clinical significance.

STUDIES ON THE SPHERULITE FORMATION IN MELT CAST POLYCAPROLACTONE BASED POLYURETHANES

A series of PCL/MDI/BDO segmented polyurethanes have been synthesized by two-step method in solution.The hard segment content ranges from 10% to 48% by weight, and the molecular weight of PCL diols is 1500. Hard segment spherulites have been observed in compression molded specimens of all of the samples except the one of the lowest hard segment content. The difficulty in sphernlite formation was explained as only in a small temperature range,the microphase separation rate may be faster than the crystallization rate and all these processes are very slow due to the hydrogen bonding between hard and soft segments and the interactions between hard segments themselves. PCL soft segments of molecular weight 1500 is still crystallizable and may form different crystalline superstructures.

Three-dimensional Geometry and Kinematics of the Changning Anticline in the Southern Sichuan Basin

In this study,we aim to clarify the structural characteristics and deformation process of the Changning anticline.We carefully interpret 38 two-dimensional(2D)seismic profiles in the study area and establish three-dimensional(3D)geometric and quantitative kinematic models of the Changning anticline.This study shows that the basement fault controls the formation of the Changning anticline.The fault slope of the main fault in the basement shows’steep in the upper and gentle in the lower’structural characteristics vertically,possessing obvious segmentary characteristics transversely and presents the overall characteristics of’steep in the east and gentle in the west’.Further analysis shows that the Changning anticline proceeds west and terminates at the boundary defined by current surface features but gradually disappears westward across the Mt.Huaying fault zone.Furthermore,we identified that deformation of the Changning anticline began during the early Yanshanian movement period.Under compressional stress from the southeast,the anticline slid forward along the basement fault until the end of the Yanshanian movement period,when the dominant WNW-ESE structure gradually emerged.Since the Himalayan movement period,a series of NE-trending structures have been formed in the anticline,owing to multi-directional compressive stress.

塔里木盆地塔河油田S80走滑断裂发育特征及其对奥陶系储层的控制作用

综合运用岩心资料、测井资料、单井漏失段宽度和漏失量数据,利用高精度三维地震数据,结合多层相干属性开展塔里木盆地塔河地区S80走滑断裂带精细解析,厘定了其空间展布特征、活动强度特性及活动期次,探讨了S80走滑断裂对奥陶系储层的控制作用。研究结果表明:①S80走滑断裂带沿走向可分为西带、中带和东带,3个分带整体具有纵向上由寒武系至奥陶系叠接段数量显著增多、段长和段宽明显增加的特点,平面上由SW向NE张扭段规模减小、压扭段规模增强、平移段逐渐消失。具有“中带断裂活动强、两侧断裂活动弱”的特征。②S80走滑断裂带活动主要经历了加里东中期、加里东晚期—海西早期、海西晚期和印支期—喜马拉雅早期4个阶段。加里东中期和加里东晚期—海西早期为主要活动期。为“前两期左行,后两期右行”的走滑性质。③围绕S80走滑断裂带发育洞穴型、复合型(裂缝-孔洞型、孔洞-裂缝型)以及裂缝型3类储层。溶蚀孔洞的发育与走滑断裂分段性活动密切相关,活动性强的压扭段、平移段及活动性弱的张扭段主干断裂周缘是溶蚀孔洞发育的有利部位。④中奥陶统一间房组压扭段裂缝线密度高,中奥陶统一间房组至中-下奥陶统鹰山组纵向上裂缝线密度显著降低,溶蚀能力局限性大。中奥陶统一间房组张扭段裂缝线密度适中,中奥陶统一间房组至中-下奥陶统鹰山组在纵向上裂缝均较发育,溶蚀孔洞数量和规模相对更大,为储层的有利发育区。

基于Trans-nightSeg的夜间道路场景语义分割方法

针对夜间道路场景图像亮度低及缺乏带标注的夜间道路场景语义分割数据集的问题,提出夜间道路场景语义分割方法 Trans-nightSeg.使用TransCartoonGAN,将带标注的白天道路场景语义分割数据集Cityscapes转换为低光条件下的道路场景图像,两者共用同一个语义分割标注,丰富夜间道路场景数据集.将该结果和真实的道路场景数据集一并作为N-Refinenet的输入,N-Refinenet网络引入了低光图像自适应增强网络,提高夜间道路场景的语义分割性能.该网络采用深度可分离卷积替代普通的卷积,降低了计算量.实验结果表明,所提算法在Dark Zurich-test和Nighttime Driving-test数据集上的平均交并比(m IoU)分别达到56.0%和56.6%,优于其他的夜间道路场景语义分割算法.

面向地物特征的大幅面遥感影像分割方法

针对大幅面遥感影像在分块边界特征不连续性和超像素分割地物边界精度不高等问题,提出了一种面向地物特征的大幅面遥感影像分割方法。首先,通过降低辐射分辨率来压缩影像数据量,并通过自适应紧密度参数方法获得具有相近尺寸的SLIC(simple linear iterative clustering)分割影像块;然后,对每个影像块分别构建影像的比值植被指数(relative vegetation index,RVI),通过最大类间方差法(OTSU)将像元标记为植被与非植被;最后,采用SLIC对标记像元精细分割,得到最终分割结果。以WorldView-2卫星影像和高分二号卫星影像作为实验数据,进行面向地物特征的大幅面遥感影像分割。实验结果表明,改进算法效率得到提升,精度有所改善。

基于改进的IIE-SegNet的快速图像语义分割方法

针对IIE-SegNet计算复杂度高、计算量大等问题,本文提出一种基于IIE-SegNet的改进方法。编码结构中引入经ImageNet训练过的VGG16和多尺度空洞卷积空间金字塔池化来获得丰富的编码信息;解码结构中,设计全局加平均模块来解决IIE-SegNet计算量大的问题;研究Focal损失函数来解决正、负采样不平衡的问题。实验结果表明:与IIE-SegNet相比,本方法在PASCAL VOC 2012数据集上的语义分割速度更快,平均每次迭代快0.6 s左右,测试单张图像的时间平均减少了0.94 s;分割精度更高,MIoU提升了2.1%。在扩展的PASCAL VOC 2012(Exp-PASCAL VOC 2012)数据集上的语义分割速度更快,平均每次迭代快0.4 s左右,测试单张图像的时间平均减少了0.92 s;分割精度更高,MPA和MIoU分别提升了2.6%和2.8%,特别是对于小尺度目标分割边界更清晰,性能得到了很大的提升。

基于Halcon的指针式压力表读数识别研究

针对指针式压力表人工读数工作效率低、精度受限制等问题,提出了一种基于Halcon软件的机器视觉方法,通过图像处理、极坐标变换、投影变换、图像分割、提取指针特征、几何计算相结合,实现指针式压力表的自动读数识别。结果表明:该方法经测试准确度达97.5%,读数平均时间0.31 s。相比于传统人眼读数方法的低效,该方法识别精度高,读数时间提高10倍以上,弥补了人工判读的不足,简单快捷,具有广阔的应用前景。

基于GPU的稀疏矩阵压缩存储格式研究

稀疏矩阵向量乘法(Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication,SpMV)是矩阵数值计算领域重要的线性代数子程序。通过对SpMV算法的负载均衡以及访存频度这两个关键性能瓶颈的研究,提出了一种VCSR(Vectorized Com‐pressed Sparse Row)稀疏矩阵压缩存储格式。该格式根据各行非零元素分布的统计特性调整各个线程的数据负载来防止线程发散的问题,并且基于快速分段求和的策略以及使用矢量化的方法来提高SpMV流程的计算性能。通过使用佛罗里达大学的稀疏矩阵作为测试集,在GPU上进行性能测试,获得了相较CSR5(Compressed Sparse Row 5)格式平均10%到30%,最高50%的性能提升。

碳酸盐胶结物对深层优质碎屑岩储层影响研究

古近系沙河街组是渤海湾盆地的重要含油层系,但在渤海海域的渤中凹陷北部,沙河街组由于埋深大、成岩演化复杂,储层物性一般较差。为寻找深部优质储层,以辽西凸起南段LD25-AE构造油气的新钻探井为研究对象,针对沙一二段中孔中渗储层,基于多种实验手段,明确了碳酸盐胶结物对深层碎屑岩储层的影响。结果表明,储层内发育成分、成因和产状存在明显差异,分别为同生期生屑型、早期基底式胶结型和晚期交代富铁型3类碳酸盐胶结物;储层中方解石发生了同生期蒸发泵白云石化和晚期热液白云石化两期作用。同生期强烈的波浪淘洗导致粒间孔隙较为干净,利于胶结物发育;早期碳酸盐呈基底式胶结,保存了原生孔隙空间;有机酸溶蚀了早期碳酸盐矿物和长石颗粒,形成了大量次生孔隙。辽西凸起南段沙一二段富生屑碳酸盐混积型储层的发现进一步揭示了渤海海域3 500 m以深的勘探潜力,为海上少井区寻找古近系深部优质储层提供依据。

吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储层成岩作用研究

古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中油气赋存的主要层位。储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析资料研究了该储层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储层的成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解5方面的作用。储层中自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化的过程可划分为蒙皂石渐变带、第1迅速转化带和第2迅速转化带,相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异,造成了储层物性的垂向分带。

地震沉积学方法在确定沉积相边界方面的应用

通过应用测井曲线和地震资料识别的不整合界面、最大水退界面和最大水进界面,将古近系双阳组划分为2个三级层序、5个体系域。SQⅠ包括双阳组一段和二段,分为低位体系域、湖进体系域和高位体系域。SQⅡ包括了双阳组三段地层,分为低位体系域和湖进体系域。在层序格架内,利用地震沉积学理论和方法,利用等时细分地层地震属性分析技术,在高位体系域中识别出强制性水退期沉积、各时期沉积体系的发育过程和沉积体系边界,在此基础上预测出双阳组比较有利的4套储盖组合。

莫里青断陷双阳组储层孔隙特征及影响因素分析

伊通盆地莫里青断陷储层发育六种孔隙类型,其中以溶蚀粒间孔隙、溶蚀粒内孔隙和填隙物内孔隙为主。孔隙结构类型主要有四种,以ⅢA、ⅢB级为主。研究表明在相同的成岩作用条件下,本区沉积相带控制着孔隙结构的平面分布特征;而在同样的沉积环境控制下,成岩作用对储层孔隙结构的纵向发育特征有着重要的影响。

伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组湖泊水下扇沉积特征

本文详细研究了伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组沉积类型,并将该区湖泊水下扇的岩相组成划分为5种类型:经典浊积岩相、块状砂岩相、砾质砂岩相、颗粒支撑砾岩相、基质支撑砾岩相;将湖泊水下扇划分为内扇、中扇、外扇三个亚相,对各亚相进一步划分了若干微相。湖泊水下扇沉积为该区地层的主要沉积特征,在垂向上具有进积型和退积型两种类型。

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷始新统双阳组沉积相与沉积演化

经岩芯观察,录井、测井资料分析,结合地震反演及粒度分析等方法,编制出伊通地堑鹿乡断陷星27井区始新统双阳组各段的砂岩等厚和地层厚度等单因素图件。采用单因素分析、多因素综合作图法,系统研究了双阳组的沉积特征及沉积演化规律。研究区双阳组主要发育扇三角洲、水下扇和湖泊沉积体系,并可进一步识别出9种亚相、13种微相。其中,双一段以湖泊沉积体系为主;双二段以扇三角洲沉积体系和水下扇沉积体系为主;双三段以湖泊沉积体系为主,水下扇不发育。双阳组沉积时期,构成了一套完整旋回,双一段和双二段下部为进积过程,双二段上部和双三段为退积过程。

莫里青断陷双阳组岩性油气藏成藏主控因素分析

伊通盆地莫里青断陷主要油藏类型为岩性油气藏,通过统计试油证实为油层的砂体的深度和储集物性分析认为,莫里青断陷古近系双阳组岩性油气藏成藏主控因素为围岩生烃条件和砂体物性条件:围岩供烃门限深度为2700m,双一段及双二段下部暗色泥岩能够大量排烃,为其中的岩性圈闭提供油气,断陷中部78%的岩性油藏在此深度之下;砂体达到聚烃门限需要孔隙度大于10%,渗透率大于0.8×10-3μm2,96%的油层物性在此门限值之上。解剖双阳组典型岩性油气藏认为,只有两主控因素均达到门限时,圈闭内才可能聚集油气成藏,当两主控因素条件较好时,可能形成含油气性较好的岩性圈闭油气藏。

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双阳组储层孔隙结构特征及其控制因素

通过对钻井岩芯及铸体薄片、扫描电镜观察,结合压汞分析测试,研究了伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双阳组储层的孔隙结构特征。结果表明:储层成因类型主要为扇三角洲砂体,部分为水下扇砂体;储层砂体孔隙类型以次生溶蚀孔隙为主,部分为原生粒间孔隙,具体可见粒内溶孔、原生粒间孔和粒间溶蚀扩大孔等;孔隙喉道较小,分选不好,连通性差,总体为低孔低渗型储层,其中,双阳组二段储层略好于双三段,双一段最差。双阳组储层孔隙结构特征主要受砂体成因类型和成岩作用的控制,此外,岩石粒度和构造作用也对孔隙结构有一定的控制作用。