Sedimentary environment and organic matter accumulation of Wufeng-Longmaxi shales,southwest Yangtze Plate,China:Insights from geochemical and petrological evidence

Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation is the most developed strata of shale gas in southern China.Due to the complex sedimentary environment adjacent to the Kangdian Uplift,the favorable area for organic-rich shale development is still undetermined.The authors,therefore,focus on the mechanism of accumulation of organic matter and the characterization of the sedimentary environment of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shales to have a more complete understanding and new discovering of organic matter enrichment and favorable area in the marginal region around Sichuan Basin.Multiple methods were applied in this study,including thin section identification,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observations and X-ray diffraction(XRD),and elemental analysis on outcrop samples.Five lithofacies have been defined according to the mineralogical and petrological analyses,including mudstone,bioclastic limestone,silty shale,dolomitic shale,and carbonaceous siliceous shale.The paleo-environments have been reconstructed and the organic enrichment mechanism has been identified as a reduced environment and high productivity.The Wufeng period is generally a suboxic environment and the early Longmaxi period is a reducing environment based on geochemical characterization.High dolomite content in the study area is accompanied by high TOC,which may potentially indicate the restricted anoxic environment formed by biological flourishing in shallower water.And for the area close to the Kangdian Uplift,the shale gas generation capability is comparatively favorable.The geochemical parameters implied that new favorable areas for shale gas exploration could be targeted,and more shale gas resources in the mountain-basin transitional zone might be identified in the future.

Geochemical Criteria of the Upper Sinian Cherts of Hydrothermal Origin on the Southeast Continental Margin of the Yangtze Plate

The Upper Sinian bedded cherts are widely distributed on the southeast continental margin of the Yangtze plate, with a total thickness ranging from 20 to 150 m. The cherts are very simple in chemical composition, with the contents of siliceous minerals exceeding 90% and those of other mineral species being very low. The total content of trace elements is considerably variable. The contents of most trace elements are low as compared with their crust clarke values. But these cherts are very rich in the trace elements Ba, As, Ab, Ag and U, coupled with relatively high contents of Fe, Mn and low contents of Al, Ti, and Mg. It can be identified as the cherts of hydrothermal origin in terms of the values of Fe/Ti, (Fe+Mn)/Ti, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and U/Th. In the Al\|Fe\|Mn, and Fe\|Mn\|(Cu+Ni+Co)×10 diagrams and lg \\|lg\, Cr\|Zr diagrams, all the samples from the area studied fall within the hydrothermal sediment field. All these characteristics show that the cherts are mainly the product of hydrothermal processes. The fact that the \{δ\{\}\+\{30\}Si\} values of the chert range from 0.0‰ to \{0.7‰\} with \{δ\{\}\+\{18\}O\} from 20.1‰ to 23.6‰ clearly manifests that the submarine hydrothermal water is the main source of silica.\;\;

THE APPLICATION OF WEINSTEIN-CHIEN′S METHOD——THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH EDGES ARE THE MIXTURE OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED PORTIONS AND CLAMPED PORTIONS

In this paper, the method of relaxed boundary conditions is applied to rectangular plates with edges which are a sort of the mixture of simply supported portions and clamped portions, so that the lower limit of fundamental frequency of such plates is evaluated. A kind of polynomial satisfying the displacement boundary conditions is designed, os that it is enabled to evaluate the upper limit of fundamental frequency by Ritz' method. The practical calculation examples solved by these methods have given satisfactory results. At the end of this paper, it is pointed out that the socalled exact solution of such plates usually evaluated by the force superposition method is essentially a kind of lower limit of solution, if the truncated error of series which occurs in actual calculation is considered.

Upper bound analysis of ultimate pullout capacity of shallow 3-D circular plate anchors based on nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

Based on the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the associated flow rules,the three-dimensional(3-D)axisymmetric failure mechanism of shallow horizontal circular plate anchors that are subjected to the ultimate pullout capacity(UPC)is determined.A derivative function of the projection function for projecting the 3-D axisymmetric failure surface on plane is deduced using the variation theory.By using difference principle,the primitive function of failure surface satisfying boundary condition and numerical solution to its corresponding ultimate pullout capacity function are obtained.The influences of nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb parameters on UPC and failure mechanism are studied.The result shows that UPC decreases with dimensionless parameter m and uniaxial tensile strength increases but increases when depth and radius of plate anchor,surface overload,initial cohesion,geomaterial density and friction angle increase.The failure surface is similar to a symmetrical spatial funnel,and its shape is mainly determined by dimensionless parameter m;the surface damage range expands with the increase of radius and depth of the plate anchor as well as initial cohesion but decreases with the increase of dimensionless parameter m and uniaxial tensile strength as well as geomaterial density.As the dimensionless parameter m=2.0,the numerical solution of UPC based on the difference principle is proved to be feasible and effective through the comparison with the exact solution.In addition,the comparison between solutions of UPC computed by variation method and those computed by upper bound method indicate that variation method outperforms upper bound method.

Study on Submerged Upper Arc-Shaped Plate Type Breakwater

Based on the wave radiation and diffraction theory, this paper investigates a new type breakwater with upper arcshaped plate by using the boundary element method(BEM). By comparing with other three designs of plate type breakwater(lower arc-shaped plate, single horizontal plate and double horizontal plate), this new type breakwater has been proved more effective. The wave exiting force, transmission and reflection coefficients are analyzed and discussed. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type of breakwater, the velocity field around the breakwater is obtained. It is shown that:(1) The sway exciting force is minimal.(2) When the ratio of the submergence and wave amplitude is 0.05, the wave elimination effect will increase by 50% compared with other three types of breakwater.(3) The obvious backflow is found above the plate in the velocity field analysis.

Double Symplectic Eigenfunction Expansion Method of Free Vibration of Rectangular Thin Plates

The free vibration problem of rectangular thin plates is rewritten as a new upper triangular matrix differential system. For the associated operator matrix, we find that the two diagonal block operators are Hamiltonian. Moreover, the existence and completeness of normed symplectic orthogonal eigenfunction systems of these two block operators are demonstrated. Based on the completeness, the general solution of the free vibration of rectangular thin plates is given by double symplectie eigenfunction expansion method.

The bonding bite plate combined with the face mask protracting maxilla to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition

Objective： To evaluate the orthopedic effects of a new method to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition. Methods ：Twenty cases （5.8-7. 5 years old ） with skeletal crossbite were treated by bonding the bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw. Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed before and after treatments. Results： On average, in all 20 cases the maxilla was moved by 2.06 mm forwards the mandible was turned 2.45° downward and backwards the skeletal crossbites were corrected and the facial profiles were improved satisfactorily. The period of treatment was conducted for 1.7 months on average. Conclusion： A good effect can be achieved by bonding bite plate combined with the face mask protracting the upper jaw to treat skeletal crossbite in the early mixed dentition, which will benefit the craniofacial growth and the development of young children.

双向旋转斜盘压缩机润滑油循环性能工程试验研究

为了解决双向旋转斜盘式活塞压缩机在汽车空调温控系统中因润滑油充注量不当而导致的制冷效率降低和潜在故障问题,对润滑油充注策略进行优化,以提高系统运行的效率和稳定性。分析了润滑油充注量不足或过量可能导致的各种问题,探究了在不同压缩机转速条件下,不同润滑油充注量对制冷性能的具体影响。通过对比试验发现,当润滑油充注量被精确控制在390±20~535±20 mL的范围内,空调系统能够在变化的工作状态下保持最优性能,并显著降低由润滑油不足带来的风险;最佳的润滑油与制冷剂的配比约为12%,并提出了一系列技术措施,这些措施旨在提高斜盘式活塞压缩机的可靠性,为斜盘式活塞压缩机在广泛的工程应用中的润滑策略提供了理论依据和实践指导。

压载荷下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型中心裂纹板弹塑性屈曲载荷研究

为了研究含裂纹结构承载能力,采用有限元方法建立压载荷下Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型中心裂纹板模型,计算裂纹板弹塑性屈曲载荷,讨论相对裂纹长度(a/w)、裂纹倾角(θ)、板宽(w)、板厚(t)、边界条件对弹塑性屈曲载荷及其变化规律的影响。对于上下夹持中心裂纹板,随着裂纹长度和裂纹倾角的增大,板宽越大,中心裂纹板屈曲载荷对裂纹越敏感,中心裂纹板承载能力受到裂纹长度和裂纹倾角的影响越明显。弹塑性屈曲载荷随着板厚的增大而增大,并且随着裂纹倾角的增大,板厚越大,屈曲载荷的下降程度越显著。上下简支中心裂纹板与上下夹持中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷变化规律基本一致,且上下夹持中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷显著大于上下简支中心裂纹板的屈曲载荷。给出不同边界条件下弹塑性屈曲载荷与相对裂纹长度、裂纹倾角的回归关系式。通过中心裂纹板弹塑性屈曲试验发现,采用压缩力学性能计算弹塑性屈曲载荷更接近试验结果,试验屈曲载荷的变化规律与有限元模拟计算结果一致。研究结果对含裂纹结构的承载能力评价具有参考价值。

板式换热器板内两相流动分配特性分析及优化

气液两相流体板内均匀流动分配是影响制冷用钎焊板式换热器性能的重要因素。本文通过计算流体力学数值模拟软件对两相制冷剂R410A在人字波和点波板内流动分配特性进行了研究,对比分析了两种板型压力分布、速度分布和液相体积比分布,发现人字波板压力、速度和液相分布相对均匀,板中心速度和液相分布略高于两侧,而点波板呈现进出口近侧流速显著高于远端而液相分布显著低于远端的分布特点。提出了用当量断面平均两相流量偏差和平均液相流量偏差对板内流动分配均匀性进行评价。结果表明:人字波板较点波板,气液两相侧向流动和分配较好,二者平均两相流量偏差分别为14.2%和39.6%,平均液相流量偏差分别为15.6%和41.3%。分析表明圆型点波结构流动方向上存在直通截面,侧向流动弱化,因气液流速差异导致两相过早分离,造成气相短路。能够控制直通截面大小和产生二次涡阶结构的“鱼鳞”点波结构可有效增强侧向扰动,改善点波板的气液两相表面流动和分配均匀性,其平均两相流量偏差和平均液相流量偏差分别为7.6%和8.9%。

一种高精度四辊板带材轧机支撑辊偏心辨识的研究

板带轧机中上下支撑辊偏心信号是较为典型的一种频率相近的周期波,如果仍采用传统的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)辨识该偏心信号就很难保证结果的精准性与可靠性。对此,在本课题中,笔者经过广泛且深入地探索与研究推出了可有效解决此问题的新辨识方法,即最小二乘法(LS),该算法的实现过程依托经典且成熟的观测矩阵理论,利用2范数最小的终止准则完成求解操作,并从中确定出最相近的特征参数。算例计算结果显示:当上下支撑辊的频率差为和,FFT所辨识的幅值和相角均严重失真,而LS方法所辨识的幅值精度分别可达0.064%和0.127%,相角的辨识精度分别为0.076%和0.0286%。同时利用某四机架板带连轧生产的实际采集的轧制力数据作为辨识目标,通过分析各个机架的轧辊偏心的影响,可以看出在246Hz处的轧辊偏心信号被很好地辨识。因此笔者提出的这种新方法可提供准确、可靠的辨识结果,而且不容易受外部干扰,进而从源头上提高了识别效率,保证了识别的精准度。

板壳式热交换器内制冷剂R410A蒸发传热性能研究

通过实验研究了板壳式热交换器内制冷剂R410A的蒸发传热特性,分析了饱和温度、质量流率和平均干度对蒸发传热系数及两相摩擦压降的影响。将实验数据与现有的蒸发传热预测模型进行比较,拟合得到了板壳式热交换器内R410A蒸发传热努塞尔数和摩擦因数的关联式。研究结果表明,R410A的蒸发传热系数随平均干度的增大先增大后减小,随质量流率的增大而增大,随饱和温度的升高而减小。两相摩擦压降随平均干度、质量流率的增大而增大,随饱和温度的升高而减小。R410A努塞尔数、摩擦因数的关联式计算值与实验值的平均误差绝对值分别为3.78%、4.08%。

汽车B柱上护板热流道大型注塑模设计

根据汽车B柱上护板的结构特点,设计了一副大型热流道注塑模具。模具采用顺序阀热流道技术,有效提高了塑件的成型质量。同时模具采用网格型随形水路温度控制系统,大大降低了模具的注射周期,提高了成型塑件的尺寸精度。且模具采用双斜推杆的斜顶内侧抽芯结构,成功解决了整圈大面积倒扣内侧抽芯难题。模具结构先进合理,首次试模成功,投产后运行平稳,成型塑件公差达到了MT3(GB/T 14486-2008),模具劳动生产率提高了约10%。

精轧机出口导卫装置上切水板行程提升改造

针对精轧机出口导卫装置上切水板上安装的烟尘抑制装置与上工作辊冷却集水管存在较大干涉问题,采取了改变烟尘抑制装置安装位置及供水管路走向的措施,实施后轧制稳定性得到了提升,实现了降低生产成本的目的。

双金属板材异步轧制复合轧后层厚建模与分析

根据双层金属复合板材同径异速异步轧制复合问题,利用流函数法和上界法建立了异步轧制轧后层厚的数学计算模型。进行异步轧制有限元模拟,将有限元模拟结果与理论结果进行对比,所建立的理论模型误差范围为2.55%~4.17%。该模型不仅可以快速计算轧后复合板的层厚比,在单一工况下,还能快速掌握不同工艺参数(压下量、初始板厚、异速比、层厚比)对轧后层厚比的影响规律,对设置和优化生产工艺提供了重要参考。

土质斜坡地层倾斜锚板抗拔承载力分析

研究目的:合理估算锚板抗拔承载力是保持锚板基础稳定工作的重要保障,本文聚焦土质斜坡地层中埋设的倾斜条形锚板,构造了一种极限状态下非对称的锚板上拔破坏机制,并假设土体破坏服从非线性强度准则与非关联流动法则。基于该破坏机制,利用上限法与变分原理,推导锚板极限抗拔承载力及锚板上方土体破坏面方程的解析表达式,系统研究各参数对锚板抗拔承载力的影响规律。研究结论:(1)推导得到了锚板极限抗拔承载力及锚板上方土体破坏面方程的解析表达式,并与现有文献成果进行了对比分析,验证了本文分析方法的有效性;(2)斜坡倾斜锚板上方土体破坏范围呈现一定的非对称特征,随锚板倾角增大,土体破坏范围逐渐向坡下方向偏移,土体破坏范围与土体剪胀系数、初始黏聚力正相关,与非线性系数、重度、地表荷载负相关;(3)锚板埋深比、埋设角度、地表倾角、土体黏聚力及剪胀系数对锚板抗拔承载力及土体上拔破坏范围会产生显著影响,在工程设计中应予以重视,以实现锚板基础的最优布设与承载能力有效发挥。

冰箱抽屉注射模设计

对冰箱抽屉结构进行分析,根据其表面质量要求设计了1副带滑块和斜推组件的两板热流道注射模,模具由1个热流道管组成的浇注系统进浇,针对冰箱抽屉的局部特征,分别采用斜滑块、斜导柱+滑块、斜推组件等结构进行成型及脱模。为了防止成型塑件出现推杆痕,采用推件板推出塑件,推件板采用三面环形结构。模具经实际生产验证:结构合理,成型的塑件达到了精度要求。

应用于5.8 GHz雷达中的12 bit SAR ADC

为满足5.8 GHz雷达系统的需要,在HLMC55LP工艺中设计了一款12 bit SAR ADC,ADC的采样率为500 kHz/250 kHz两档可调,采用单调电容开关时序,且在电容阵列的高位部分加上2个冗余位设计,该冗余位对高位的CDAC建立误差,比较器误差都有一定的容忍能力,可以带来ADC性能上的提升。系统采用上极板采样,可以在采样周期结束的瞬间就开始逐位比较过程,省去了采用底极板采样第一拍CDAC建立的过程,提高了转换速度,相对于底极板采样也节省了一定的开关功耗。后仿结果表明,模拟输入20 kHz差分中频信号,在500 kHz采样频率,3.3 V电源电压下,ADC的有效位数为11.56 bit,SNR为71.04 dB,SFDR为80.37 dBc,功耗约为2 mW。

泗阳站4#上机架镜板电蚀现象分析

该文旨在探讨水利工程中上机架镜板电蚀现象的成因及解决方案,以提升水利工程的安全性和运行效能。通过对镜板电蚀现象的机理分析,明确溶解腐蚀、电化学腐蚀和结构等因素综合导致电蚀现象的发生。研究方法包括现场实测、材料特性分析和电化学原理探讨,对泗阳站4#机组镜板进行深入研究。结果显示,电蚀现象会导致镜板表面受损,增加安全隐患,加重经济负担,并缩短使用寿命。为改善这种情况,该文采用针对性的解决措施,如选用抗蚀材料替换原有镜板材质,设计专门的镜板吊装翻转流程,采用研磨台精细化研磨处理,以及制定严格的定期维护和检查制度。经过这些技术改造与维护策略的实施,泗阳站4#机组的镜板电蚀现象得到有效控制,提高镜板工作面的质量要求,确保镜板与推力头间绝缘电阻值高于40 MΩ,导轴瓦与瓦背间电阻值高于50 MΩ,并符合设计粗糙度要求。综合来看,该研究提出的解决方案为类似水利工程中镜板电蚀问题的防治提供有价值的参考案例。

经皮微创解剖锁定钢板与切开复位重建钢板在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折中的应用效果对比

目的对比分析经皮微创解剖锁定钢板与切开复位重建钢板在锁骨中段粉碎性骨折内固定术中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月驻马店市第一人民医院收治的90例锁骨中段粉碎性骨折患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为微创组(45例)和传统组(45例),微创组患者采用经皮微创解剖锁定钢板内固定治疗,传统组患者采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗,对比观察两组患者围手术期相关指标、骨折愈合时间、临床疗效、肩关节及上肢功能、不良事件发生情况。结果微创组患者手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均明显短于传统组(t=5.069、3.494、4.007,P均<0.001);术后3个月,微创组患者中显效37例、有效7例、无效1例,与传统组患者的显效29例、有效14例、无效2例无明显差异(Z=-1.886,P=0.059);术后6个月,微创组患者Neer肩关节功能评分量表(Neer)评分明显高于传统组,上肢功能障碍评定量表(DASH)评分明显低于传统组(t=11.247、2.599,P<0.001、P=0.011);微创组患者不良事件发生率为6.7%,明显低于传统组患者的不良事件发生率22.2%(χ^(2)=4.406,P=0.036)。结论与切开复位重建钢板内固定相比,锁骨中段粉碎性骨折患者应用经皮微创锁定钢板内固定治疗的临床效果更佳,术后肩关节及上肢功能恢复效果更好,不良事件发生率更低。