Application and Regulation of Legal Science and Technology on the Pilot Program of the Reform of Separation between Complicated Cases and Simple Ones in Civil Procedure in the Basic People’s Courts

Blockchain,artificial intelligence,and other technologies have been increasingly integrated with the law,and the construction of smart justice and Internet courts in various places has a prominent effect on court informatization.The Supreme People’s Court is currently carrying out the pilot reform of separation between complicated and simple cases in civil procedure,and legal technology will inevitably become a major means to enable the reform.In the field of electronic litigation,legal technology itself has become a goal of the reform.Regarding the trials of pilot basic courts,legal technology has been more deeply applied in many links such as trial activities and trial management,playing an essential role in improving judicial efficiency,and becoming an important way to solve judicial dilemmas such as“litigation explosion.”However,the history of modern society reminds us that we should be reasonably optimistic about the development of technology,especially in the field of justice.

A Quality Evaluation System for Dissertation Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

A dissertation is a research report or scientific paper written by an author to obtain a certain degree. It reflects postgraduates’ research achievements and the educational quality of an institute, even a country. To construct an optimized quality evaluation system for postgraduate dissertation (QESPD), we summarized the influencing factors and invited 10 experienced specialists to rate and prioritize them based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Four primary indicators (innovation, integrity, scientificity and normativity) and 16 sub-indicators were selected to form the evaluation system. The order of primary indicators by weight, was innovation (0.4269), scientificity (0.2807), integrity (0.1728) and normativity (0.1196). The top five sub-dimensions were theoretical originality, scientific value, data reliability, design rationality and evidence credibility. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, a case study was performed. In the case study, it was demonstrated that the established two-index-hierarchy QESPD in this study was a more scientific and reasonable evaluation system worthy of promotion and application.

Machine intelligence,rough sets and rough-fuzzy granular computing:uncertainty handling in bio-informatics and Web intelligence

Machine intelligence,is out of the system by the artificial intelligence shown.It is usually achieved by the average computer intelligence.Rough sets and Information Granules in uncertainty management and soft computing and granular computing is widely used in many fields,such as in protein sequence analysis and biobasis determination,TSM and Web service classification Etc.

Business Blockchain Suitability Determinants: Decision-Making through an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Method

Blockchain is one of the innovative and disruptive technologies that has a wide range of applications in multiple industries beyond cryptocurrency.The widespread adoption of blockchain technology in various industries has shown its potential to solve challenging business problems,as well as the possibility to create new business models which can increase a firm’s competitiveness.Due to the novelty of the technology,whereby many companies are still exploring potential use cases,and considering the complexity of blockchain technology,which may require huge changes to a company’s existing systems and processes,it is important for companies to carefully evaluate suitable use cases and determine if blockchain technology is the best solution for their specific needs.This research aims to provide an evaluation framework that determines the important dimensions of blockchain suitability assessment by identifying the key determinants of suitable use cases in a business context.In this paper,a novel approach that utilizes both qualitative(Delphi method)and quantitative(fuzzy set theory)methods has been proposed to objectively account for the uncertainty associated with data collection and the vagueness of subjective judgments.This work started by scanning available literature to identify major suitability dimensions and collected a range of criteria,indicators,and factors that had been previously identified for related purposes.Expert opinions were then gathered using a questionnaire to rank the importance and relevance of these elements to suitability decisions.Subsequently,the data were analyzed and we proceeded to integrate multi-criteria group decision-making(MCGDM)and intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)theory.The findings demonstrated a high level of agreement among experts,with the model being extremely sensitive to variances in expert assessments.Furthermore,the results helped to refine and select the most relevant suitability determinants under three important dimensions:functional suitability of the use case,organizational applicability,and ecosystem readiness.

课程思政视域下校企合作教学案例库建设研究——以鲁东大学土木水利专业硕士课程教学为例

案例教学法是培养工程领域高素质创新型人才的有效途径,土木水利专业硕士研究生工程实践能力的提升亟需建立完善的教学案例库。本文研究了课程思政视域下土木水利专业硕士(土木工程领域)校企合作教学案例库建设,主要包括案例库的总体框架、案例库主题方向和素材来源、案例库共享机制等内容,旨在为土木水利专业硕士相关课程案例库的建设提供理论思路和实践指导。

公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿责任的体系定位

独立的制度空间是发挥独立价值的基础,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿首先需要厘清的是其与刑事罚金、行政罚款的关系,讨论在刑事罚金和行政罚款之下还有无独立的制度空间。在功能上,三者具有同质性,均旨在惩罚遏制违法行为;在适用的案件范围上,食品公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿与食品犯罪趋同,并被行政处罚所包含;在金钱罚手段上,针对食品违法行为,《刑法》与《食品安全法》规定了足够的金钱罚手段,客观上无需公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿予以补足。因此,公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿并无大范围适用的必要。但公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿相对于刑事处罚与行政处罚具有自身的制度优势,其适用范围应据此确定,以形成相互区分又有机衔接的规制体系。

关于建立普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度的思考

程序出罪的规模化现象,使我国不附条件不起诉欠缺正当性或正当性不足的特征突显。这必然影响规模化程序出罪的持久性、稳定性,也会形成轻微犯罪治理质效逐渐劣化的趋势。司法规范实际确定了具有相当普遍意义的附条件程序出罪规则,及时弥补了立法的缺陷,修正了规模化程序出罪正当性不足的偏差,也为建立普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度积累了经验。普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度,应由附条件不启动刑事追诉程序和附条件终止刑事追诉程序构成,具体包含附条件不予立案、附条件撤销案件、附条件不起诉几种具体的程序出罪方式。以不同等级的附条件不起诉取代酌定不起诉、情节显著轻微不起诉,是建立普遍意义附条件不起诉的关键。

刑事案件现场移动勘查系统研究

刑事案件现场勘查中工作质量不高、规范化不强等情况受到技术人员数量、技术装备等条件影响,为有效解决现场勘查数据采集手段单一、工作强度大、缺乏智能化应用、勘查质量无法有效评估等问题,我们研发了刑事案件现场移动勘查系统,形成了以AR智能眼镜和“小勘”APP为前端,系统数据归档和指挥调度平台为后端的智能化现场勘查扁平化指挥调度系统。该系统通过现场数据汇集,将线索证据按勘查要求汇集整理成勘查报告,并按照现勘系统模式实现勘查信息直接导入,能够实现信息化侦查背景下快勘、快采、快检、快录、快比、快破的“六快”目标。

“Fundamental Rights and Private Law” in China

The Qi Yuling case is a crucial juncture in the study of “fundamental rights and private law” in China, yet relevant research is underpinned on two clues. The first is that the increasing interest in the “constitutionalization of private law” worldwide provides knowledge resources and reference materials for scholars in China;the second is the understanding and exploration of the judicial application of the Constitution since the 1980s. Among them, such concepts as “the Constitution has direct legal effect” and “the Constitution needs to be implemented by the people” could have directly affected the Qi Yuling case. Focusing on such topics as the case of Qi Yuling, judicial enforcement of the Constitution, and the compilation of the Civil Code, scholars discussed the ways and scope for inclu ding fundamental rights in private law based on their experience abroad. They also looked into specific issues, covering how fundamental rights affect civil acts and the private law effects fundamental rights like personality rights, equali ty rights, freedom of speech, and protection of personal information. In the context of promoting the full implementation of the Constitution in the new era, “fundamental rights and private law” is still a field with great potential in both practice and theory.

新时期刑事印证证明的误解与澄清

印证是从属于自由心证的证明过程,既无法涵盖所有的犯罪类型,也无法适用于所有的待证事实,故无法成为与法定证明、自由证明相并列的一类新模式。但作为方法,印证证明仍然具有重要地位,实践中被广泛诟病的虚假印证、误解印证等不符合印证要求,故冤假错案也不能归咎于印证本身。实践中,印证证明与证明标准混同的问题突出,事实上二者之间既有联系又有区别,呈现方法和目的的关系,方法自然不同于目的,但方法是达成目的的手段,目的是方法努力的终点。因此,尽管印证具有提升裁判者心证的积极意义,但不能人为拔高至证明模式的程度,在实践中既要反对意图抛弃印证的“冤假错案成因论”,也要反对过度崇尚印证的“证明标准等同论”。

新时代背景下高校环境科学与工程类专业课程思政教学研究

为探索新时代背景下环境科学与工程类专业课程思政育人的实现模式,该文以习近平生态文明思想为指导,建立环境专业“一干、八支”思政元素顶层设计架构,并以此响应提升学生综合素质能力的专业培养目标。围绕将其有效融入教学过程,针对专业类课程和实践类课程,分别提出思政教育融入的具体教学方式。最后,分别以典型专业课程和实习课程为例,介绍思政元素和教学方式融入的具体实践,以通过打造高水平的专业教学案例实现思政教育和专业教育的同频共振、双向提升。

民航精神融入人为因素与环境保护课课程思政的信息化教学

当代民航精神是中国民航在长期发展实践中形成的优良传统和精神文化的升华,更是社会主义核心价值观在民航业的体现。人为因素与环境保护课程作为中国民航大学飞行器制造工程专业的特色课程,以着力培养高素质应用型航空业人才为导向。该文围绕当代民航精神,充分挖掘课程中的思政要素,结合信息化案例教学方式,旨在探究专业知识和思政元素相结合的新教学模式。

刑事涉案财产来源说明规则体系的类型化表达

为依法应对刑事涉案财产证明困难的挑战,近年来的立法不断增设被追诉人说明涉案财产来源条款。然而,这些说明条款分布零散,要素不够明晰,要求不够统一。同时,受概念思维的消极影响,学术界在认识该类说明时,择一性、封闭性地将这种说明的法律性质理解为权利、义务、证明责任、法律推定等,但任何一种观点都没能达成广泛共识。根据类型学原理,“出罪类说明”属于附条件的证明责任,应当严格限制说明主体,明确说明对象、内容、标准,遵循定罪程序规则;“从宽类说明”属于有限制的特殊法律义务,应当相对限定说明对象,适当区分说明内容与标准,适用量刑程序规则;“违法所得类说明”属于特定场域的特殊法律权利,应当拓展说明主体与内容,细化说明标准,规范说明程序。

刑事指导性案例的理性重塑与类案判断

同案同判作为一种形式意义上的司法要求,并不能充分说明待决案件援引指导性案例进行裁判的正当性基础,需要一般性规则对其进行实质性的补充。法律领域的类比推理要求一般性规则需要具有合法律性与规范性两种特质。刑法构成要件作为类型思维在具体部门法中的产物,能够成为刑事裁判领域的一般性规则。这一规则在对构成要件要素的解释过程中不断具体化,并使得刑法理论与刑事司法呈现出类型化的思考倾向。严格意义上的类案判断标准过于强调整体事实,限缩了指导性案例的适用范围,无法满足刑事司法的实践需求。以刑法构成要件要素为指引,能够建立一种宽容意义上的类案概念,并以动态的类案判断方式激活刑事指导性案例的制度活性。

偶然扣押所获另案证据程序规制研究

偶然扣押所得另案证据具有获取被动性和偶然性、合法性证明滞后性以及证明对象“随机性”等特点,会在刑事程序、刑事证据以及诉讼主体权利(力)等方面对传统扣押程序产生影响。对于另案证据的适用,司法实践中存在重打击犯罪、轻公民个人保障,不规范获取另案证据,证据质证权得不到保障等问题。究其根本,在于现行制度对另案扣押合法性、偶然扣押的程序要求以及证据质证权保障等规范不足。由此,在参酌域外制度基础上,应在证据获取渠道、证据合法性证明等方面明晰另案证据合法性,从被害人及检察机关视角强化对偶然扣押的监督制约力度,并以完善另案证据在另案中的适用机制、明确侦查人员的法庭身份、细化法官审查标准等方式强化另案证据质证的保障机制。

《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改背景下单位犯罪治理体系的完善——以涉案企业合规改革为视角

以涉案企业合规改革为视角来审视我国单位犯罪刑事司法治理体系是否健全,应在法教义学下确保自身价值、逻辑、体系的一体,并与我国刑事司法核心理念和价值追求保持一致。单位应具有相对独立的行为、行为背后的意志及相对独立的主观罪过,具有清晰的归责逻辑,并能够实质分离单位责任与单位直接责任人责任,由此实现单位犯罪归责机制重塑。涉企附条件不起诉制度的建构以此为基础,但并不止步于有效合规的诉讼评价,其“条件”应表达为刑事惩罚性与企业合规自治的结合,遵循宽严相济、惩罚犯罪与保障人权的有机统一。《刑事诉讼法》在进行第四次修改时应当对此予以必要关注和回应。具体到涉企附条件不起诉制度构建中,建议完善涉案企业合规保证金制度、合规整改期间涉案企业特定经营禁止制度、涉案企业有效合规承诺制度等,推动涉企刑事诉讼程序专门化,逐步形成具有中国特色的涉案企业合规执法司法制度体系。

涉案企业合规第三方监督评估组织的法律关系与功能定位

第三方监督评估组织在涉案企业合规制度中扮演着重要角色,其在法律上的定位对于合规案件办理的合法、合理意义重大。从规范上看,第三方组织应作为独立监管人协助检察机关工作;实践考察发现,第三方机制中检察主导显著,第三方组织工作方式多样,检察听证的适用突出,同时强调对第三方组织的监督。第三方组织与检察机关、涉案企业和第三方监督评估机制管委会的法律关系决定着其功能定位。第三方组织与检察机关的关系具有受托性、独立性的特征;其与涉案企业的关系又可表述为平等性、非强制性。管委会承担着对第三方组织的宏观管理职能。据此,第三方组织应在功能上确定为有专门知识的人,其出具的合规考察报告是第三方机制的核心,应定位为专门性报告。有鉴于此,应当参照鉴定人与鉴定意见对第三方组织及其合规考察报告予以规制,同时,注意对涉案企业和被害人的权利保障。

民事诉权的希尔伯特问题

诉权是民事诉讼法学的首要希尔伯特问题。面对边缘化风险,民事诉权亟需证成自身的有用性。新中国成立以来,民事诉权先后肩负民事诉讼体制的社会主义转型、依法独立公正行使审判权、立案登记制改革以及“切实实施民法典”的历史使命与时代精神。二元诉权论虽然是我国长期坚守的通说,但并未对诉权规范及其实践提供清晰的概念指引,法律文本中的诉权规范可能分别指向起诉行为、起诉权、胜诉权、案件受理等意涵。学说史的发展和迭代表明,诉权保障并不必然伴随立案登记制。立案登记制改革亟待与诉权模式转型形成联动。二元诉权论与具体公法诉权论存在亲缘关系。囿于诉之可能性等关键概念缺失以及“案多人少”的现实挑战,二元诉权论同样面临“起诉难”这一私法诉权说的实践弊病。“诉讼爆炸”“无理缠诉”并非诉权模式转型的当然结果。随着民事诉权希尔伯特问题的有效解决,立案登记制改革终将走出“历史的三峡”,实现民事诉权保障与规制的衡平与共赢。

涉案企业合规改革实践的刑法教义学反思及展望

近年来,在最高人民检察院的推动下,经过试点基层检察院的不断探索和创新,我国涉案企业合规改革取得了显著成效。通过对我国企业合规典型案例的分析:一方面可以发现企业合规广泛适用于大中小微型企业和轻罪重罪案件等本土化举措;另一方面也暴露合规不起诉有违刑法基本原则,进而危及刑事法治的问题。在“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革要求法院参与刑事涉企合规的大背景下,必须为企业合规作为刑事激励措施的正当性提供刑法教义学根据。此时,就需要将合规案件的处理模式作为方法论课题,构建相应的单位犯罪论;在此基础上,将企业合规的出罪根据作为本体论课题,阐明其阻却犯罪成立的机制。

基于案例―启发―探索的土木工程研究生“学研一体”培养探索

现代土木工程设计和建造呈现出综合化、复杂化和智能化的发展趋势,对从业者的自主科研探索能力提出了新要求,为高校土木工程研究生培养指出了新方向。文章以提高研究生科研能力为导向,采用“土木工程中的数值方法”课程案例库,构建了基于案例―启发―探索的土木工程研究生“学研一体”培养模式。在案例中设置启发点,引导学生发现问题,思考对策。教师则针对启发点提出的问题,设置探索点,指导学生自主设计计划进行探索,得出结论。教学实践表明,此模式能够兼顾课堂教学的共性要求和学生科研的个性需求,促进学生熟悉现代数值工具,实现由课程学习到课题研究的过渡。