Low-Level Laser Therapy versus Four Layers Compression Technique in the Treatment of Venous Ulcers

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy in comparison to compression bandage therapy in the treatment of venous ulcers. Subjects & Methods: This study was carried out in the period from March 2013 to March 2014. The study included 40 adult patients with a diagnosis of venous ulcer classified as C6 according to the clinical classification of CEAP classification. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the first one included 20 patients treated by low-level laser therapy at the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, and the second group included 20 patients in whom we use four layers compression bandaging at the vascular surgery department. Results: 32 ulcers were treated in group I and 35 ulcers were treated in group II. The patients of group I were 7 (35%) females and 13 (65%) males, their age range were (24 - 56) years. The patients of group II were 11 (55%) males and 9 (45%) females;their age ranges were (32 - 50) years. Measurements of the ulcers size by (cm2) were taken at the beginning of therapy, at 1 month, at 2 months and at 3 months later on. The calculation of the area of the ulcer was done by using the graph papers to document the ulcer’s perpendicular linear dimensions. According to the size of the ulcer, some ulcers heal within 1 month (15.6%) ulcers in group I, and (28.5%) in group II. Some ulcers heal within 2 months (28%) in group I, and (37%) in group II. The remaining ulcers heal within 3 months or more which are (56%) ulcers in group I, and (34.2%) ulcers in group II. The recurrence rate of chronic venous leg ulcer in compression bandage technique used in group II was the least one as the total number of recurrent cases were 5 (25%), followed by laser therapy used in group I. Conclusion: There was no significant efficacy of the low-level laser therapy over the four layers compression technique in the management of chronic venous ulcers.

Electrochemical View of the Band Gap of Liquid Water for Any Solution

Studying liquid water in a frame of band theory shows that varying a reduction-oxidation (RedOx) potential of aqueous solution can be identified as shifting Fermi level in its band gap. This medium becomes the reductive one when Fermi level is shifting to the conduction band due to populating hydroxonium level (H3O+/ H3O) by electrons and transforming water in a hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1-│X│. Opposite in the hyper-stoichiometric one H2O1+│X│ Fermi level is shifting to the valence band due to populating hydroxide level OH/OH- by holes and the aqueous solution becomes the oxidative one. The energy difference between these electronic levels is estimated of 1.75 eV. It is shown that the standard half-reactions and the typical aqueous electrodes fix their RedOx potential only by the electrons and holes populations ([H3O],[OH]) of these local electronic levels in the band gap of non-stoichiometric water in the corresponding solutions.

The Technological Gap between China and World Frontiers at the Industrial Level:1985-2009

Using sequential DEA methodology, this paper has measured the variations in the technological gaps of China＇s industrial sectors compared with the world frontiers of technology. From a temporal dimension, variations in the technological gaps of China＇s industrial sectors can be divided into the following four stages： slight abatement of technological gaps between 1985 and 1992, and between 1999 and 2007; stagnation in the variation of technological gaps between 1994 and 1999; and continuous abatement of technological gaps between 2008 and 2009. From the industry dimension, by 2009, 58.8% of China＇s industrial sectors had gradually reached or approached the world frontiers of technology; 29.4% of industrial sectors had experienced technological improvements but still lagged far behind the world frontiers of technology; 11.8% of industrial sectors significantly lagged behind the world frontiers of technology.

A Bit-level Text Compression Scheme Based on the ACW Algorithm

This paper presents a description and performance evaluation of a new bit-level, lossless, adaptive, and asymmetric data compression scheme that is based on the adaptive character wordlength （ACW（n）） algorithm. The proposed scheme enhances the compression ratio of the ACW（n） algorithm by dividing the binary sequence into a number of subsequences （s）, each of them satisfying the condition that the number of decimal values （d） of the n-bit length characters is equal to or less than 256. Therefore, the new scheme is referred to as ACW（n, s）, where n is the adaptive character wordlength and s is the number of subsequences. The new scheme was used to compress a number of text files from standard corpora. The obtained results demonstrate that the ACW（n, s） scheme achieves higher compression ratio than many widely used compression algorithms and it achieves a competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art compression tools.

On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater

Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level εF? in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition H2O1−z ( |?z|−13 ) from the stoichiometric one ( z = 0 ). It is shown that the hypo-stoichiometric state ( z > 0 ) of seawater emerges when Fermi level is shifted to the local electron level ?εH3O of hydroxonium H3O+ in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized anode and the quasi-equilibrium cathode. Then, each εH3O is occupied by electron and hydroxonium radicals [H3O]? together with hydroxide anions [OH−]?form in seawater hydrated electrons [(H2O)2−] . The opposite hyper-stoichiometric state ( z εOH for removing electron from each hydroxide ion OH−and forming hydroxyl radicals [OH] as strong oxidizers. It turned out that the ions of sodium and chlorine are connected into hydrates of sodium hypochlorite NaClO in this case.

Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Functional Level and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Limited Ambulation Due to Leg Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose: Walking difficulties are defined as any reduction in speed, balance, or change of gait, causing limited ambulation. These difficulties are a common problem in older adults and may greatly affect their quality of life (QOL) and restrict their personal independence and participation. This study aimed to determine the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on lower leg pain, walking capacity, functional mobility, ankle range of motion (AROM), and QOL of community-dwelling older people with walking difficulties. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 34 eligible participants with self-reported lower limb pain and limited ambulation were randomized either to the intermittent pneumatic compression intervention group (IPCIG) or static compression control group (SCCG). The IPCIG and SCCG were trained to receive IPC and SC respectively for both lower legs and instructed to continue the application independently at home for 15 minutes per session, 2 sessions a day, 7 days per week for 4 weeks independently at the home. Outcome measures of lower leg pain, AROM, walking capacity, and functional mobility were assessed at baseline and at the first, second, third, and fourth weeks after randomization. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Results and Discussion: IPCIG showed a more significant improvement compared to the SCCG at the post-interventional stage for QOL and all the subscales. The findings show that “80% improved QOL” is 53% higher with the application of IPC than with SC for 4 weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. A pairwise comparison of mean values of 6 MWT over 4 weeks within the IPCIG showed a significant difference between all the weeks. Pairwise comparisons between groups at each time point showed that the IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in the timed up and go (TUG) test at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. Pairwise comparison of mean values of TUG test within the IPCIG showed a significant difference over 4 weeks, except between the second and third weeks, fourth week, and third and fourth weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in lower leg pain between all weeks except the first week compared to the SCCG. Pairwise comparison of mean values of lower leg pain over 4 weeks within the IPCIG showed a significant difference among all weekly outcomes except between 1 and 2 weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in left and right ankle dorsiflexion ROM at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. Conclusions: The IPC was effective in reducing lower leg pain and increasing the AROM and improving the walking capacity, functional mobility level, and QOL of community-dwelling older people with walking disabilities. Walking disability in old age is a common condition requiring physical therapy. Intermittent pneumatic compression can be used as a physical therapy modality for this patient group.

On the Transient Numerical Simulation of Solid Rocket Motor by Coupling Quasi One⁃Dimension Internal Flow with Three⁃Dimension Propellant Grain Burnback

The quasi one⁃dimension compressible flowfield coupled to the three⁃dimension propellant grain regression solved by the level⁃set method was used to simulate the transient internal ballistics of solid rocket motor.One⁃dimension flowfield instead of three⁃dimension can save computational cost on the premise of calculation accuracy because the radial and azimuthal variations parameters have little contribution to the internal flowfield.The grain regression in real⁃time could provide accurate geometrical information for simulation.A combination of flowfluid solver and grain regression can reappear in a relatively real internal ballistic flowfield,so it is good for further studying the instability of solid rocket motor.For level⁃set equations,the total variation⁃diminishing second⁃order Runge⁃Kutta method for temporal derivatives and a fifth⁃order weighted⁃essentially⁃non⁃oscillatory scheme for spatial derivatives were used.The total variation⁃diminishing MacCormack method was used to discrete the Euler equations in flowfield solver.Two modules of this code were tested in this study:one is the burning rate module and the other is the nozzle erosion module.Results show that the burning rate influenced the solid rocket motor efficiency,and the velocity profile in the chamber was affected by the nozzle shape,and the nozzle erosion could influence the head⁃end pressure spike.

Bridging the Achievement Gap for Students： A Blueprint for Success

The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the achievement gaps between students. Over the past thirty years, emphasis has been placed on achievement levels of students in this country. State test results, SAT Scores, ACT scores and other assessment instruments have been used to determine performance standards and test results for students. Data analyzed for White students compared to African American and Hispanic students have provided critical information in identifying academic progress and skill deficits for all students. This article will highlight some of the achievement gaps which exit among White, African American and Hispanic Students. Recommendations will also be emphasized to help improve student achievement levels in an effort to close the achievement gap.

A new feasible method for yield gap analysis in regions dominanted by smallholder farmers, with a case study of Jiangsu Province, China

In the regions where crops were mostly produced by smallholder farmers, the analysis of yield gap is difficult due to diverse cultivars, crop managements and yield levels. In order to find an effective method that can reasonably verify the yield gap and the limiting cultivation factors in narrowing yield gaps in areas that are dominanted by smallholder farmers, we worked out a method consisting five progressive procedures as follows: questionnaire investigation of farmer cultivation regime, identification of yield levels and yield gaps, generalization of key cultivation measurements, reconstruction of representative maize populations, and process-based analysis of yield gap. A case study was carried out in Jiangsu Province, China, in which maize is mostly produced by smallholder farmers. A questionnaire investigation of 1 023 smallholder farmers was carried out firstly, then the frequency distribution of maize yield was simulated by an normal distribution function, and then the covering range and average value of the basic yield, farmer yield and high-yield farmer yield levels were calculated out from the equation. Hereby, the yield gaps 1, 2 and 3 were calculated along with the record highest yield from literature and experts, which were 2 564, 2 346 and 2 073 kg ha^(–1), respectively. Moreover, with the covering range of each yield level, the suveyed farmers belonging to each yield level were grouped together and then their major cultivation measures were traced and generalized. With the generalized cultivation measures, representative maize populations of the four yield levels were reconstructed, and thereby clarifing lots of characters of the populations or single plant of each population with processbased analysis of the reconstructed populations. In this case, the main factors causing the yield gap were plant density, fertilizer application rate, logging caused by hurricane, and damages caused by pests. The case study primarily indicated that this five-step method is feasible and effective in yield gap study, especially in smallholder farmers dominant regions.

Using Test Employee Capability Maturity Model for Supporting Gaps Bridging in Software Testing

This study addresses the challenge of assessing gaps among the differences of test people in eight groups by matching them based on four scenarios. The proposed model called Test Employee Capability Maturity Model (TEC-MM) helps find the gaps and measure the capability and maturity levels of each sub-maturity models in four dimensions as technicality, management, business, and personality. We applied TEC-MM to a software company which has instituted test people improvement strategy and plans to be a front runner in software testing industry. The findings reveal that gaps existed and consequently affect software testing process quality.

Analysis and Prediction of Residents' Income Gap in Poverty-stricken Areas of Yunnan Province

Taking Ludian County in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province for example,according to the data on residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2002-2011,we analyze the residents'income gap in Ludian County,and offer the forecast value of residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2012-2015,using Compertz curve model and Eviews software for fitting.The forecast value shows that the residents'income gap will continue to widen in Ludian County.Finally we put forth the recommendations for bridging the residents'income gap in Ludian County,in order to provide a reference for settling the problems concerning residents'income gap in other state-level povertystricken counties of Yunnan Province.

Ni^＋注入n—GaP DLTS谱中Ni杂质能级的识别

在不同条件下退火的Ｎｉ＋注入ｎ－ＧａＰＤＬＴＳ谱中观测到表观激活能在０．６０～０．７０ｅＶ范围内的多个多子峰和少子峰．对各样品掺杂层内的能带弯曲及Ｎｉ杂质各荷电状态浓度空间分布在ＤＬＴＳ测量的零偏－反偏过程中的变化进行了计算．结合分析实测各能级热发射率数据，对其中起源于ＮｉＧａ中心的ＤＬＴＳ峰作出了判断．

流式细胞术检测骨髓增生异常综合征细胞中RAP1GAP表达及其临床相关性(英文)

以往应用基因芯片对骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者细胞的基因表达谱的研究发现,RAS蛋白超家族成员RAP1GAP转录水平被上调,并在MDS患者大量病例中应用定量RT-PCR得到证实。本研究探讨MDS细胞中RAP1GAP的表达及其与临床的相关性。应用流式细胞术检测19例MDS患者骨髓细胞内RAP1GAP的表达,并与非恶性血液病以及急性白血病患者骨髓细胞中RAP1GAP的表达进行比较。对RAP1GAP表达水平与MDS患者的血红蛋白水平,白细胞计数,血小板计数,骨髓细胞中原始细胞的百分数以及IPSS危险积分等临床指标之间的相关性进行了分析。结果发现,RAP1GAP的表达在MDS患者骨髓细胞中显著高于非恶性血液病或急性白血病的细胞内的表达(8.420±8.365%比2.974±4.750%或2.256±4.239%)。在MDS患者中,MDS-RA的RAP1GAP表达显著高于MDS-RAEB内的表达(11.637±9.067%比4.368±4.646%)。然而,在检测的MDS患者中RAP1GAP的表达水平与上述临床指标无确切的相关性。结论:RAP1GAP在MDS中的表达明显增高,RAP1GAP表达水平与临床实验室血液学参数及IPSS积分之间无相关性。RAP1GAP表达在MDS进展至AML中的作用及其临床意义值得进一步探讨。

非结构网格上Level Set方程的间断有限元解法

针对间断有限元弱形式难于求解可压缩流场中Level Set方程的问题提出间断有限元强形式,从而在统一框架下解决Level Set方程在可压缩与不可压缩流场中的求解问题.通过非结构网格上采用Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto节点构造基函数,在复杂区域上可以达到任意高阶的精度.将若干一、二、三维算例与已有文献或解析解比较,验证方法追踪自由界面的有效性.结果表明,该方法适合各种情形下Level Set方程求解,易于在复杂区域的非结构网格上实施,精度高、分辨率高且具有高质量守恒性,既能避免重新初始化过程又方便向高维扩展.

基于Level-Set法的有限元非饱和渗流方法在黄壁庄水库中的应用

针对传统非饱和渗流分析方法中忽略气相作用而导致无法处理气相参与的含自由面渗流这一问题,建立了一种耦合Level-Set法的有限元非饱和渗流分析方法。该方法基于有限元非饱和渗流分析理论,利用Level-Set方法隐式地捕捉自由界面,考虑了入渗过程中的气相可压缩性,能够反映多孔介质中水气两相界面的运动与融合,可以用来求解常规方法无法处理的气相参与的含自由面渗流问题,同时具有自由面构造简单、计算稳定性好、收敛速度快等优点。本文将该方法应用于黄壁庄水库在库水位骤升后出现坝前水面冒泡现象的原因分析中,模拟了该水库坝前水-气两相运移过程,揭示了冒泡现象发生的原因。计算结果表明,此方法可简单、直观地描述水气界面在多孔介质中的运动过程,模拟结果与实际情况较为符合。研究表明,黄壁庄水库坝前水面出现冒泡现象是由水位骤升将铺盖内的空气封住,并随水体入渗压缩空气,出现憋气现象,最后气体释放所致。

荒漠昆虫小胸鳖甲Ras GTP酶激活蛋白基因MpRasGAP的克隆及低温表达分析

【目的】丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)级联是细胞的重要信息传递系统之一,Ras GTP酶激活蛋白(Ras GTPase-activating protein,Ras GAP)基因Ras GAP和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun Nterminal kinase,JNK)基因JNK分别是MAPK信号转导途径的上、下游基因。本研究旨在确定荒漠昆虫小胸鳖甲Microdera punctipennis Ras GAP及JNK基因对低温的响应情况。【方法】从荒漠甲虫小胸鳖甲中克隆获得Ras GAP基因的c DNA序列,利用生物信息学分析软件分析其氨基酸序列并构建进化树,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测低温胁迫条件下Ras GAP和JNK基因的表达情况。【结果】小胸鳖甲Ras GAP c DNA的开放阅读框2 523 bp,命名为MpRas GAP(Gen Bank登录号:KM677930),编码840个氨基酸,分子量96.594 k Da,编码蛋白MpRas GAP属于Ras GAP超家族。MpRas GAP与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Ras GAP的氨基酸序列一致性达89%。小胸鳖甲在4℃和-4℃低温胁迫1 h后,MpRas GAP的mRNA水平都显著高于室温对照(25℃)。小胸鳖甲在4℃处理3 h或-4℃处理1 h后,Mp JNK的mRNA水平也显著升高。【结论】本研究结果表明小胸鳖甲MpRas GAP和Mp JNK的mRNA水平受低温诱导。研究结果有助于深入研究荒漠昆虫在低温下MAPK信号转导途径的作用机制。

Troubled by unequal pay rather than low pay:The incentive effects of a top management team pay gap

We examine the relationships with firm performance of the internal pay gap among individual members of the top management team(TMT) and the compensation level of TMT members relative to their industry peers. We find that pay gap is positively related to firm performance and that this positive relation is stronger when the TMT pay level is higher than the industry median. However, we do not observe such effects in Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs),in which both the executive managerial market and compensation are government-regulated. We also document that cutting central SOE managers' pay level can increase firm value, whereas doing so for local SOE managers has the opposite effect. Our findings have important implications for research on TMT compensation as well as for policy makers considering SOE compensation reform.

用改进的耦合型Level Set方法计算一维双介质可压缩流动

用带有虚拟流体 (GhostFluid)修正的LevelSet方法计算了一维可压缩双介质流动 ,把描述流动的Euler方程和描述流体界面运动的LevelSet方程耦合起来 ,得到一个整体的守恒律系统 ,应用高分辨率差分格式求解 ;为了解决流体界面附近的数值跳动问题 ,在界面附近引入了虚拟流体方法的Isobaric修正 。

Comprehensive Analysis and Artificial Intelligent Simulation of Land Subsidence of Beijing, China

Mechanism and modeling of the land subsidence are complex because of the complicate geological background in Beijing, China. This paper analyzed the spatial relationship between land subsidence and three factors, including the change of groundwater level, the thickness of compressible sediments and the building area by using remote sensing and GIS tools in the upper-middle part of alluvial-proluvial plain fan of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Based on the spatial analysis of the land subsidence and three factors, there exist significant non-linear relationship between the vertical displacement and three factors. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) model combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to simulate regional distribution of the land subsidence. Results showed that at field scale, the groundwater level and land subsidence showed a significant linear relationship. However, at regional scale, the spatial distribution of groundwater depletion funnel did not overlap with the land subsidence funnel. As to the factor of compressible strata, the places with the biggest compressible strata thickness did not have the largest vertical displacement. The distributions of building area and land subsidence have no obvious spatial relationships. The BPN-GA model simulation results illustrated that the accuracy of the trained model during fifty years is acceptable with an error of 51% of verification data less than 20 mm and the average of the absolute error about 32 mm. The BPN model could be utilized to simulate the general distribution of land subsidence in the study area. Overall, this work contributes to better understand the complex relationship between the land subsidence and three influencing factors. And the distribution of the land subsidence can be simulated by the trained BPN-GA model with the limited available dada and acceptable accuracy.

A SPARSITY AND COMPRESSION RATIO JOINT ADJUSTMENT METHOD FOR COLLABORATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING

Spectrum sensing is the fundamental task for Cognitive Radio (CR). To overcome the challenge of high sampling rate in traditional spectral estimation methods, Compressed Sensing (CS) theory is developed. A sparsity and compression ratio joint adjustment algorithm for compressed spectrum sensing in CR network is investigated, with the hypothesis that the sparsity level is unknown as priori knowledge at CR terminals. As perfect spectrum reconstruction is not necessarily required during spectrum detection process, the proposed algorithm only performs a rough estimate of sparsity level. Meanwhile, in order to further reduce the sensing measurement, different compression ratios for CR terminals with varying Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) are considered. The proposed algorithm, which optimizes the compression ratio as well as the estimated sparsity level, can greatly reduce the sensing measurement without degrading the detection performance. It also requires less steps of iteration for convergence. Corroborating simulation results are presented to testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for collaborative spectrum sensing.