Low-Level Laser Therapy versus Four Layers Compression Technique in the Treatment of Venous Ulcers

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy in comparison to compression bandage therapy in the treatment of venous ulcers. Subjects & Methods: This study was carried out in the period from March 2013 to March 2014. The study included 40 adult patients with a diagnosis of venous ulcer classified as C6 according to the clinical classification of CEAP classification. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the first one included 20 patients treated by low-level laser therapy at the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, and the second group included 20 patients in whom we use four layers compression bandaging at the vascular surgery department. Results: 32 ulcers were treated in group I and 35 ulcers were treated in group II. The patients of group I were 7 (35%) females and 13 (65%) males, their age range were (24 - 56) years. The patients of group II were 11 (55%) males and 9 (45%) females;their age ranges were (32 - 50) years. Measurements of the ulcers size by (cm2) were taken at the beginning of therapy, at 1 month, at 2 months and at 3 months later on. The calculation of the area of the ulcer was done by using the graph papers to document the ulcer’s perpendicular linear dimensions. According to the size of the ulcer, some ulcers heal within 1 month (15.6%) ulcers in group I, and (28.5%) in group II. Some ulcers heal within 2 months (28%) in group I, and (37%) in group II. The remaining ulcers heal within 3 months or more which are (56%) ulcers in group I, and (34.2%) ulcers in group II. The recurrence rate of chronic venous leg ulcer in compression bandage technique used in group II was the least one as the total number of recurrent cases were 5 (25%), followed by laser therapy used in group I. Conclusion: There was no significant efficacy of the low-level laser therapy over the four layers compression technique in the management of chronic venous ulcers.

Electrochemical View of the Band Gap of Liquid Water for Any Solution

Studying liquid water in a frame of band theory shows that varying a reduction-oxidation (RedOx) potential of aqueous solution can be identified as shifting Fermi level in its band gap. This medium becomes the reductive one when Fermi level is shifting to the conduction band due to populating hydroxonium level (H3O+/ H3O) by electrons and transforming water in a hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1-│X│. Opposite in the hyper-stoichiometric one H2O1+│X│ Fermi level is shifting to the valence band due to populating hydroxide level OH/OH- by holes and the aqueous solution becomes the oxidative one. The energy difference between these electronic levels is estimated of 1.75 eV. It is shown that the standard half-reactions and the typical aqueous electrodes fix their RedOx potential only by the electrons and holes populations ([H3O],[OH]) of these local electronic levels in the band gap of non-stoichiometric water in the corresponding solutions.

A Bit-level Text Compression Scheme Based on the ACW Algorithm

This paper presents a description and performance evaluation of a new bit-level, lossless, adaptive, and asymmetric data compression scheme that is based on the adaptive character wordlength （ACW（n）） algorithm. The proposed scheme enhances the compression ratio of the ACW（n） algorithm by dividing the binary sequence into a number of subsequences （s）, each of them satisfying the condition that the number of decimal values （d） of the n-bit length characters is equal to or less than 256. Therefore, the new scheme is referred to as ACW（n, s）, where n is the adaptive character wordlength and s is the number of subsequences. The new scheme was used to compress a number of text files from standard corpora. The obtained results demonstrate that the ACW（n, s） scheme achieves higher compression ratio than many widely used compression algorithms and it achieves a competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art compression tools.

Deriving Energy-Level Gap of a System in Presence of a Kerr-like Medium by Virtue of Invariant Eigen-operator Method

<正> In this paper,we find the invariant eigen-operators(IEOs)and the energy-level gap of a system with atwo-level atom interacting with single mode cavity field through multi-photon transition in the presence of a Kerr-likemedium.From this work,one can see that the IEO method in many cases is simpler and easier on obtaining theenergy-level gap formula than the usual way.

On the Galvanic Modification of Seawater

Chemical properties of seawater are studied at forced shifting of Fermi level εF? in the band gap of liquid water due to deviation of its composition H2O1&minus;z ( |?z|&minus;13 ) from the stoichiometric one ( z = 0 ). It is shown that the hypo-stoichiometric state ( z > 0 ) of seawater emerges when Fermi level is shifted to the local electron level ?εH3O of hydroxonium H3O+ in galvanic cell with the strongly polarized anode and the quasi-equilibrium cathode. Then, each εH3O is occupied by electron and hydroxonium radicals [H3O]? together with hydroxide anions [OH&minus;]?form in seawater hydrated electrons [(H2O)2&minus;] . The opposite hyper-stoichiometric state ( z εOH for removing electron from each hydroxide ion OH&minus;and forming hydroxyl radicals [OH] as strong oxidizers. It turned out that the ions of sodium and chlorine are connected into hydrates of sodium hypochlorite NaClO in this case.

Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Functional Level and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Limited Ambulation Due to Leg Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose: Walking difficulties are defined as any reduction in speed, balance, or change of gait, causing limited ambulation. These difficulties are a common problem in older adults and may greatly affect their quality of life (QOL) and restrict their personal independence and participation. This study aimed to determine the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on lower leg pain, walking capacity, functional mobility, ankle range of motion (AROM), and QOL of community-dwelling older people with walking difficulties. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 34 eligible participants with self-reported lower limb pain and limited ambulation were randomized either to the intermittent pneumatic compression intervention group (IPCIG) or static compression control group (SCCG). The IPCIG and SCCG were trained to receive IPC and SC respectively for both lower legs and instructed to continue the application independently at home for 15 minutes per session, 2 sessions a day, 7 days per week for 4 weeks independently at the home. Outcome measures of lower leg pain, AROM, walking capacity, and functional mobility were assessed at baseline and at the first, second, third, and fourth weeks after randomization. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Results and Discussion: IPCIG showed a more significant improvement compared to the SCCG at the post-interventional stage for QOL and all the subscales. The findings show that “80% improved QOL” is 53% higher with the application of IPC than with SC for 4 weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. A pairwise comparison of mean values of 6 MWT over 4 weeks within the IPCIG showed a significant difference between all the weeks. Pairwise comparisons between groups at each time point showed that the IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in the timed up and go (TUG) test at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. Pairwise comparison of mean values of TUG test within the IPCIG showed a significant difference over 4 weeks, except between the second and third weeks, fourth week, and third and fourth weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in lower leg pain between all weeks except the first week compared to the SCCG. Pairwise comparison of mean values of lower leg pain over 4 weeks within the IPCIG showed a significant difference among all weekly outcomes except between 1 and 2 weeks. The IPCIG showed a more significant improvement in left and right ankle dorsiflexion ROM at the third and fourth weeks compared to the SCCG. Conclusions: The IPC was effective in reducing lower leg pain and increasing the AROM and improving the walking capacity, functional mobility level, and QOL of community-dwelling older people with walking disabilities. Walking disability in old age is a common condition requiring physical therapy. Intermittent pneumatic compression can be used as a physical therapy modality for this patient group.

On the Transient Numerical Simulation of Solid Rocket Motor by Coupling Quasi One⁃Dimension Internal Flow with Three⁃Dimension Propellant Grain Burnback

The quasi one⁃dimension compressible flowfield coupled to the three⁃dimension propellant grain regression solved by the level⁃set method was used to simulate the transient internal ballistics of solid rocket motor.One⁃dimension flowfield instead of three⁃dimension can save computational cost on the premise of calculation accuracy because the radial and azimuthal variations parameters have little contribution to the internal flowfield.The grain regression in real⁃time could provide accurate geometrical information for simulation.A combination of flowfluid solver and grain regression can reappear in a relatively real internal ballistic flowfield,so it is good for further studying the instability of solid rocket motor.For level⁃set equations,the total variation⁃diminishing second⁃order Runge⁃Kutta method for temporal derivatives and a fifth⁃order weighted⁃essentially⁃non⁃oscillatory scheme for spatial derivatives were used.The total variation⁃diminishing MacCormack method was used to discrete the Euler equations in flowfield solver.Two modules of this code were tested in this study:one is the burning rate module and the other is the nozzle erosion module.Results show that the burning rate influenced the solid rocket motor efficiency,and the velocity profile in the chamber was affected by the nozzle shape,and the nozzle erosion could influence the head⁃end pressure spike.

A new feasible method for yield gap analysis in regions dominanted by smallholder farmers, with a case study of Jiangsu Province, China

In the regions where crops were mostly produced by smallholder farmers, the analysis of yield gap is difficult due to diverse cultivars, crop managements and yield levels. In order to find an effective method that can reasonably verify the yield gap and the limiting cultivation factors in narrowing yield gaps in areas that are dominanted by smallholder farmers, we worked out a method consisting five progressive procedures as follows: questionnaire investigation of farmer cultivation regime, identification of yield levels and yield gaps, generalization of key cultivation measurements, reconstruction of representative maize populations, and process-based analysis of yield gap. A case study was carried out in Jiangsu Province, China, in which maize is mostly produced by smallholder farmers. A questionnaire investigation of 1 023 smallholder farmers was carried out firstly, then the frequency distribution of maize yield was simulated by an normal distribution function, and then the covering range and average value of the basic yield, farmer yield and high-yield farmer yield levels were calculated out from the equation. Hereby, the yield gaps 1, 2 and 3 were calculated along with the record highest yield from literature and experts, which were 2 564, 2 346 and 2 073 kg ha^(–1), respectively. Moreover, with the covering range of each yield level, the suveyed farmers belonging to each yield level were grouped together and then their major cultivation measures were traced and generalized. With the generalized cultivation measures, representative maize populations of the four yield levels were reconstructed, and thereby clarifing lots of characters of the populations or single plant of each population with processbased analysis of the reconstructed populations. In this case, the main factors causing the yield gap were plant density, fertilizer application rate, logging caused by hurricane, and damages caused by pests. The case study primarily indicated that this five-step method is feasible and effective in yield gap study, especially in smallholder farmers dominant regions.

Using Test Employee Capability Maturity Model for Supporting Gaps Bridging in Software Testing

This study addresses the challenge of assessing gaps among the differences of test people in eight groups by matching them based on four scenarios. The proposed model called Test Employee Capability Maturity Model (TEC-MM) helps find the gaps and measure the capability and maturity levels of each sub-maturity models in four dimensions as technicality, management, business, and personality. We applied TEC-MM to a software company which has instituted test people improvement strategy and plans to be a front runner in software testing industry. The findings reveal that gaps existed and consequently affect software testing process quality.

GAP/CL-20推进剂在快速热刺激下的自着火特性

为了探究不同温度与压强对GAP/CL-20推进剂安全性能的影响,采用快速压缩机实验平台并结合高速成像以及动态压强采集技术对GAP/CL-20推进剂在快速热刺激下的自着火行为进行分析,并得出其相应的自着火边界。结果表明,GAP/CL-20推进剂样品的燃烧分为热解与着火两个阶段,且整体呈现出逐层燃烧并剥离的特点;样品的右侧面与棱角位置则会由于压缩过程中气体扰动对换热的影响而优先于其他位置着火;随着温度与压强的升高,GAP/CL-20推进剂的着火延迟期与燃烧持续期缩短,压强上升提前;其临界着火温度和燃烧速度均随着压强的升高而降低,但达到一定压强后下降速度将会放缓。

Analysis and Prediction of Residents' Income Gap in Poverty-stricken Areas of Yunnan Province

Taking Ludian County in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province for example,according to the data on residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2002-2011,we analyze the residents'income gap in Ludian County,and offer the forecast value of residents'income gap in Ludian County during the period 2012-2015,using Compertz curve model and Eviews software for fitting.The forecast value shows that the residents'income gap will continue to widen in Ludian County.Finally we put forth the recommendations for bridging the residents'income gap in Ludian County,in order to provide a reference for settling the problems concerning residents'income gap in other state-level povertystricken counties of Yunnan Province.

围压和裂隙倾角对花岗岩力学行为的影响研究

含裂隙围岩的力学行为对高放废物地质处置库的长期稳定和安全至关重要。为研究围压和裂隙倾角对花岗岩围岩力学行为的影响,以完整花岗岩和含不同倾角贯通单裂隙的花岗岩为研究对象,开展了单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验研究。结果表明:0~10 MPa围压范围内,倾角30°和60°裂隙花岗岩分别发生了穿裂隙面破坏和沿裂隙面滑移破坏;随围压升高,倾角45°裂隙花岗岩由复合破坏转变为穿裂隙面破坏,后又在10 MPa围压条件下再次转变为倾斜“Z”字型裂纹的复合破坏。围压的存在制约了预制裂隙面的劣化作用。三轴压缩条件下低倾角裂隙花岗岩的抗压强度及变形发展曲线与完整花岗岩的结果相近,试样峰值破坏时的轴向应变在围压0,2,5,10MPa条件下分别约为0.38%,0.49%,0.59%和0.75%。沿裂隙面滑移破坏试样的抗压强度以及峰值破坏时的轴向应变均显著低于穿裂隙面破坏试样的相关结果,且其抗压强度与试验前后裂隙面的分形维数差值符合幂函数增长关系。

调适与弥合:基层“缝隙治理”中的政策执行研究

中国基层政策执行是在国家与社会间的缝隙场域中发生和推进的。在这一背景下,既有研究强调的简约治理或复杂网络治理都难以有力地解释政策的有效执行。在环境压力和组织资源约束背景下,基层政府在时间、空间和政策过程维度上发展出政策执行的各种调适机制,即借助日常与重要工作的共存、督察与迎检的联结、政策执行与考核的融合,来缩小国家治理与地方社会在发展、治理和政策上的差距,进而弥合科层体制与基层自治之间的缝隙。面对不确定的外部环境,组织与环境间张力拉紧,政策执行的弥合作用相应消减。在推进基层治理体系和治理能力现代化过程中,还需借助基层“松散关联型”治理结构缓解政策执行压力,促进党建引领下各类社区合作组织对于社群合作的引导,形成一种松弛而整合的城乡基层治理新格局。

数字经济发展能否缩小城乡收入差距?——基于287个地级市的实证研究

基于2010年—2019年全国287个地级市的面板数据,构建门槛效应、中介效应和调节效应模型,探讨数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响及机制.研究发现:一、数字经济发展抑制了城乡收入差距的扩大,但存在门槛效应;二、数字经济通过打破城乡数字鸿沟以及带动地区创新创业来缩小城乡间的收入差距;三、数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响存在区域异质性.因此,一方面应当大力发展数字经济,加快产业数字化转型;另一方面也要缩小城乡数字鸿沟,鼓励地区创新创业,并以科学技术为核心,因地制宜实行差异化发展,以期更好地发挥数字经济发展对缩小城乡收入差距的作用.

共同富裕背景下教育水平对城乡收入差距的影响研究

以新时代推进共同富裕这一历史使命为出发点,在理论回顾的基础上提出问题,利用31个省(区、市)2000-2021年的省际面板数据,就教育水平如何影响城乡收入差距展开实证分析。结果发现,教育水平显著影响城乡收入差距,方向为正,伴随着城乡收入差距水平的提高,教育水平的影响作用更为明显;教育水平和城乡收入差距存在倒U型关系。同时经济开放水平越高,城乡收入差距越大;经济发展和城镇化有助于缩小城乡收入差距;城乡收入差距具有较强的惯性,需采取有效举措控制,以防失控。异质性分析发现东部、中部、西部和东北地区的教育水平对城乡收入差距的作用程度有明显差异,中部最大,西部次之,再次是东部,东北最小;处于不同收入差距分布上的地区对教育水平的依赖程度存在显著差异,教育水平对不同收入差距的地区存在不同的影响作用;不同教育层次对城乡收入差距的影响有明显差异,高中及以下层次的教育对城乡收入差距非常小也不显著,大学及以上教育层次影响较大且显著。

皮质骨微观能量释放率与大鼠月龄关系

目的预测大鼠股骨皮质骨微观能量释放率,探究微观能量释放率随大鼠月龄的变化关系。方法依托前期实验数据,结合皮质骨断裂模拟数值方法,对比仿真与实验测得载荷-位移曲线及断裂模式,反演预测不同月龄大鼠股骨皮质骨的微观能量释放率。结果经预测得到1、3、5、7、9、11、15月龄大鼠股骨皮质骨微观能量释放率分别处于0.08~0.12、0.12~0.14、0.15~0.19、0.25~0.28、0.23~0.25、0.19~0.22、0.13~0.16 N/mm。结论微观能量释放率随月龄增长而下降导致失效载荷降低,说明微观能量释放率是决定骨折发生的主要因素之一,但断裂时刻却未观察到明显下降,说明微观能量释放率与结构断裂时刻未呈线性正比关系。研究结果能够从临床层面协助解释皮质骨的骨折发生机制。

数字经济、产业智能化与不同技能劳动力间的收入差距

数字经济发展对收入差距的影响事关包容性增长的整体实现。使用2010~2020年个体与省级层面相结合的面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型检验数字经济发展水平对低中技能劳动力与高技能劳动力间收入差距的作用和机制。研究表明:数字经济发展水平的提高拉大了低中技能劳动力与高技能劳动力间的收入差距,且产业智能化在这一过程中发挥了中介作用。异质性分析表明:在中国东部地区、非农业户口劳动力群体中,数字经济对收入差距的拉大作用均得以增强;在中国中西部地区、农业户口劳动力群体中,数字经济对收入差距的作用分别为缩小和无显著影响。同时,数字经济发展前期对低中技能劳动力与高技能劳动力间的收入差距无明显作用,但后期扩大收入差距的作用逐渐显现。研究结论拓展了数字经济与收入差距相关的研究,为政府制定相应政策提供了可操作性建议,有助于为后期数字经济推动包容性增长蓄力。

1m级间隙正极性雷电冲击闪络判据海拔校正方法的适用性

绝缘子及空气间隙的雷电冲击闪络判据是评估输电线路耐雷性能的重要仿真模型之一,同一间隙的闪络判据在不同海拔地区应用需要进行海拔校正。绝缘子及空气间隙的雷电冲击U50%闪络判据可以采用g参数进行海拔校正,但是更加精确的闪络判据如伏秒特性及先导发展模型法尚缺乏有效的海拔校正方法。该文针对110kV线路用复合绝缘子及1m棒-板间隙,分别在平原和高海拔地区开展了正极性标准雷电冲击试验,对比了海拔对冲击闪络特性的影响,分析了现有海拔校正方法在U50%及伏秒特性散点校正中存在的问题。然后,拟合了适用于不同海拔的110 kV单支复合绝缘子及1 m棒-板间隙的正极性标准雷电波先导发展模型,并将该模型计算得到的U-t曲线与试验所得的伏秒特性散点进行对比分析,验证了先导发展模型通过改变相对空气密度开展闪络判据海拔校正的适用性。最后,通过对比分析不同先导发展模型对计算110kV输电线路耐雷水平的影响,证明了先导发展模型闪络判据海拔校正的精确性。