Classic Translation and Humanistic Spirit in the Age of AI

This article hopes to explore a question:in the era of artificial intelligence,do we still need traditional translation of canonical texts,and how is such translation possible?Artificial intelligence has an all-round impact on the world’s productivity,and translation is the first area to be challenged.With the increasing accuracy and optimization of big data computing,daily translation,business translation,simultaneous interpretation and even general academic translation are gradually being replaced by machine translation.In this context,whether the canon translation by scholars is still meaningful has become a question that must be asked.This article believes that translation of canonical texts will never be out of date,and it is precisely in this era that the canon translation with academic standards and humanistic spirit are more needed by academia and society.The contemporary task of canon translation is not only translation and introduction,but more importantly,the inheritance and construction of its own academic history and humanistic thoughts,as well as the understanding and cultivation of human history,civilization and humanistic spirit.

The New Result of Studies in the History of Medieval Calligraphy:A Review of The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author

The Manual of Calligraphy by Sun Guoting of the Tang:A Comprehensive Study on the Manuscript and Its Author is one of the representative monographs by the Italian sinologist Pietro De Laurentis,which includes the textual and historical research of Sun Guoting(a famous calligrapher and calligraphic theorist in the Tang Dynasty)and his calligraphy.The integrity and circulation of Shu pu(one of Sun Guoting’s most famous calligraphic works,which is an important work of traditional Chinese calligraphic theory)and its textual content and visual form,featuring meticulous historical analysis and unique insights,have created a dialogue with the existing studies of Shu pu in China.The English translation of Shu pu and historical records regarding Sun Guoting are presented in this monograph,with informative notes in the translation that convey Sun Guoting’s aesthetic ideas and experiences while learning calligraphy.This book enriches the studies of calligraphy history in China by presenting a new perspective and approach,and the research-based translations provide inspiration and reference for the transmission of Chinese calligraphy in the West.

Deep Learning Applied to Computational Mechanics:A Comprehensive Review,State of the Art,and the Classics

Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in detail.Both hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are discussed.Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods.Here,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural networks.Pure ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions.Both LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively reviewed.Kernel machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width.Not only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research.History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known references.Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.

Metropolises and World Music in Globalization： Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories

Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.

On Translation of Classical Chinese Literary Texts

Chinese classical literature is precious treasure of the world literature. In order to transmit and carry forward it, translation is an effective and necessary way, especially as the development ofglobalization and China＇s economy. This paper mainly discusses the history, difficulties, ways and skills on translation of classical Chinese literary texts in this paper.

Giorgio Vasari’s Mercury: God of Magic and Wisdom

In 1555,assisted by Cristofano Gherardi,Il Doceno(1508-1556),Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)designed and painted a mythological and cosmological theme in the Sala degli Elementi,an apartment of Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574),Duke of Florence,at the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence.The Apartment of the Elements is dedicated to the four elements(air,earth,fire,and water),which in antiquity were considered to be the basis of the material of the world.The four elements are personified as a history painting theme on the ceiling and the walls of the chamber.Accordingly,on the ceiling is the element of Air,personified by several events:Its center depicts Saturn Mutilating Heaven and surrounding this scene are The Chariots of the Sun and the Moon,the images of Day and Night,and the virtues of Peace,Fame,Justice,and Truth.On the walls of the chamber,there are personifications of the elements of Earth(north),Fire(east),and Water(south).The frescoes on the left hand wall relate to the element of Earth.In the center of the north wall,the first fruits of the Earth are offered to Saturn.1 On the adjacent wall,east wall,above the fireplace,are scenes relating to the element of Fire:Vulcan’s Forge is depicted in the center of wall.2 On the adjacent wall,south wall,the element of Water is symbolized with The Birth of Venus.3 On the window wall,west wall,are two large niches containing simulated sculptures of Hermes-Mercury and Hades-Pluto.These two images connect thematically with the wall decoration of the elements and the pantheon of the gods on the ceiling.This essay will focus only on the image of Hermes-Mercury.It consists of two parts:the stylistic impact of classical and Renaissance sources of this astral and pagan god in Vasari’s imagery,and the signification of the personification of Mercury associated and interconnected with Cosimo I de’Medici,Duke of Florence.

近三百年中国典籍英译的多维透视与现实镜鉴

中国典籍英译是促进中西文明交流互鉴,继而反向助推中国典籍资源传承与利用的重要手段。文章从《中国文献西译书目》《新编中国文献西译书目(1900-2017)》中甄选出1,620条相关单行本条目,运用知识图谱的可视化分析方法和文献计量法,绘制18世纪上半叶以降近三百年英译作品、译者群体和出版发行的图景。以史为鉴,新时期我国主导的中国典籍英译应规避选题的重复性,契合海外受众的需求,发扬翻译大家的精神并倡导合作翻译,推进国内出版社的国际化及加强与英美出版社的通力合作。

科技典籍整理与研究刍议——以算学典籍为例

中国古代科技典籍是中国传统科技文化的重要载体,其门类庞杂,比较有体系的是农业、医学、天文、算学四大学科。通过算学典籍书目的调查,概述算学典籍存世情况,梳理清代以来尤其是中华人民共和国成立后的算学典籍整理情况,并围绕《关于推进新时代古籍工作的意见》,结合算学典籍的具体情况,探讨新时期算学典籍的整理与研究工作。

治道经学、治道史观与中华文明的治道核心论--以探解中华文明变夷从夏的枢机为主线

中华文明是一种以文史文明为主干、以经史文明为内核、以治道文明为核心的文明形态。中华经学的正统是治道经学,中华史观的主流是治道史观,中华经史同源于治,是传载治道的两种不同文体。这种文明特质使中华文明在治道探索方面有着卓绝于其他古代文明的深厚积累,从而使外来征服者倾心折服。外来征服者为巩固其对中华文明区的长久统治,就要提升其治道水平,为此就要学习中华经史,于是就要保留并学习中华文明的文史,进而认同并融入中华文明,最终成为中华文明的传承者。这样,中华文明就实现了被外来入侵者武力征服之后的文化逆袭,即征服者被征服,亦即古人所称的“以夏变夷”或“变夷从夏”。

古典学视野下的西汉敦煌西域史探索与重构

古典学在历史学领域中,与历史文献学趋同。从这个视角而言,敦煌汉简也是古典学研究的重要内容。敦煌汉简具有极强的史料价值,特别是在推动西汉敦煌西域史研究方面发挥着重要作用。通过对敦煌汉简进行研究利用,西汉敦煌西域历史中的诸多细节都可以得到更加充分的解读。

“蜃炭”详解——兼及《左传》“书法”与商周文化之异

历代人士对《左传·成公二年》所说“蜃炭”有不同的理解。结合传世文献、考古资料和生活阅历考察,“蜃炭”当指蜃灰与木炭。蜃炭用于墓葬时具有杀菌、防潮和防盗的功能。考古资料显示,墓葬之用蜃炭,产生于西周中期,流行于东周以降,而商人与殷遗墓葬则不见使用蜃炭的葬俗,反映了商周文化之间的差异。《左传》关于宋文公丧礼的记载,实则具有“微言大义”,隐含着对宋文公的贬斥,除从历史角度揭示其事实外(“秉笔直书”),尚可从经学角度分析其“大义”(“蕴含褒贬”)。

“四大奇书”连称的关键词批评及阅读史意义

作为古代通俗章回小说一类重要的接受现象,历代读者尝试将《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《金瓶梅》连称为“四大奇书”。基于特定的社会情境,“四大奇书”的连称往往会限定通俗章回小说各种意义符号被诠释的可能性与可行性,既限定世人批评行为的介入方式,亦影响世人诠释实践的逻辑。“四大奇书”的关键词批评不仅是一个批评论断,而且作为一类认知视角而存在,更是一种批评行为。它促成了一定的群体习惯,改变了读者阅读的理解途径与意见生成,最终形成一种阐释范式,反过来制约读者的自由阅读。探讨“四大奇书”连称的阅读史意义,既要注意历代文教生态之于文本阐释的群体性表达,亦应重视读者个体建构的艰难努力。

书评与古代小说现代研究著述的经典构建

关注古代小说现代标点整理本与彼时学者研究著述的现代书评,在理性思索与感性品悟的“期望”与“拟想”中,以价值定性的方式推动古代小说现代研究著述的经典构建。典型之例是谭正璧、胡怀琛、赵景深、毕树堂等人在各类书评中,持续推进比较视野下鲁迅的古代小说研究著述在价值层面的意义构建。此举隐含着现代书评以不断新生的社会思想文化去消解时人研究的学术重构意图,希冀在“质之读者”的再构建中催生新的“辩解”。作为一种批评媒介,现代书评重提古代小说的现代研究著述时并非一味取悦他人。此举有助于在逻辑一致性与文化同源性的构建中,强化品评的主导性。这是古代小说的现代研究著述被予以典范建构的重要一环。

传承先贤海外访求珍稀汉籍精神的表率——读吴存存教授《〈三才福〉校注》

近得吴存存教授惠赠《〈三才福〉校注》,《三才福》乃自俄国莫斯科“淘”回来的清代中期吴语昆曲传奇《三才福》孤本。2016年吴存存“出于好奇”,向莫斯科国家图书馆订购了《三才福》全部照片。此后吴存存付出大量精力校注梓刻出版,还多方考证《三才福》作者并探索其背后的平民意识。吴存存对《三才福》的整理与研究是学者海外访书的一个缩影,赓续先贤海外访书的传统。学人海外访书历史,可以粗浅地划分为两大阶段,就是20世纪20、30年代和改革开放以来。前一阶段以向达在英国、法国查抄敦煌文书和清代天主教史书为代表,后一阶段学者的访书脚步,踏遍西欧诸国、越南、俄罗斯、美国、澳大利亚等国。研究者海外搜寻珍稀汉籍具有重大意义,一方面开创中国学者的敦煌学研究,还令海洋史研讨别开生面,同时继续推进中国基督教史研治的进展,更能促进文学艺术史中民歌、戏曲研究深入开展。这些领域的研讨都涉及中外文化交流史,是全球史(世界史)不可忽视的内容。

论古典目录学与学术史的关系

古典目录学是用书目的形式反映学术发展源流的一门学问。古典书目是学术史著作的重要组成部分,也是研究学术史的必读典籍。古典目录学对于学术史研究,有不可替代的功用。与学术史关系密切的四部古典书目是《汉书·艺文志》《隋书·经籍志》《文献通考·经籍考》《四库全书总目》。《二十五史艺文经籍志考补萃编》和《萃编续刊》的汇编整理出版,摸清了中国文献典籍的家底,为中国古籍总目的编纂,建立文献典籍数据库,打下了坚实的基础。

论清史《儒林传》扬州学人记载的形成

扬州学派被视为清代儒学的一个重要派别,研究成果较多。但学界未曾注意到,清史《儒林传》对扬州学人有系统的记载,且形成过程复杂,是该学派研究史的重要一页。本文依据台北故宫博物院藏清史《儒林传》相关档册,从纂修层面揭示清史《儒林传》第一次稿和第四次稿对扬州学人的记载情况。清史《儒林传》第一次稿中,阮元将任大椿为代表的扬州学人群体载入,但该传被删除。光绪年间,清史《儒林传》第四次稿中有八位扬州学人立为正传。这些传记在扬州府呈送的《儒林刘宝楠刘文淇朱士端王念孙汪喜苟焦循凌曙江藩(江苏咨送采访册)》的同名传记基础上删改而成。国史馆纂修官重点改写并表彰了扬州诸儒在《易》《春秋左传》《礼记》《论语》《孟子》等专经研究上的成就,彰显了扬州诸人的“汉学”宗风,突出了他们的地域联系和家族特色。清史《儒林传》虽未用“扬州学派”之名,但已经记载了扬州学派的学风和地缘特色等要素,在正史中确立了扬州学派的史料基础。

大英博物馆陈列文物中的图书馆学与文献学史料

论文介绍了2019年8月笔者参观大英博物馆各类文物展陈中关于图书馆学和文献学史料的一些心得,分为石碑文献、纸莎文献、木牍文献、古代文献与古代文字、古代文献的特别载体、经典文献展示、古代的阅读与阅读推广、中南亚与东亚文献等8个方面,并提供了相应的照片和诸多案例。

我国古代典籍时代特征视角下的机器翻译研究

中国存世典籍成书于不同时代,典籍文本的语体风格及内容均具有时代性。文章以古代汉语到现代汉语的机器翻译为切入点,探究典籍文本的时代特征及其对中国古代典籍机器翻译的影响,提出针对不同历史时期训练翻译模型的策略,以提高古文翻译质量。以《二十四史全译》为研究语料,将语料划分为远古、中古、近古三个时期,从计算人文视角利用统计计量的方法对不同历史时期典籍文本的词频、词性、依存关系进行比较分析;在数据增强的基础上,利用每个时期的语料分别训练多种机器翻译模型并比较翻译效果。研究发现:典籍文本存在时代特征差异,并会对机器翻译效果产生显著影响;针对不同时期典籍文本分别训练机器翻译模型,能够提高古文翻译的准确性和流畅性。

《四库全书总目》史部对古典图书目录分类的因革损益论

文章在梳理古典图书目录史部类目源流演变的基础上,分因、革、损、益概括了《四库全书总目》史部类目设置对古典图书目录分类的继承与调整。《四库全书总目》对中国古典目录学史部的二级类目进行了广泛的继承,奠定了《四库全书总目》史部类目的主体框架,这不仅展现了《四库全书总目》征实的学风,也反映了其编撰者的目录学修养。《四库全书总目》史部类目也有革新,主要是创设纪事本末类,将仪注类、刑法类合并进故事类并改名为政书类,将诏令和奏议同时著录在史部并创造性地将其合并为一类,增设和更改了很多三级类目。《四库全书总目》史部部分类目的设立和取消,包含着浓厚的政治因素和意识形态色彩,体现出较强的官学约束。

“史·著·论”视域下党史教育融入高校“原理”课的逻辑理路

中国共产党百年历史是最鲜活、最生动的教科书,是“马克思主义基本原理”课铸魂育人的最好营养剂。在“史·著·论”视域下,党史教育和高校“原理”课在教育目标、内容以及载体层面具有互通性、契合性和一致性。将百年光辉党史融入高校“原理”课是引导大学生树立正确党史观的迫切需要,是提升“原理”课教学成效的有效举措,是培育民族复兴时代新人的必然选择,既有利于促进大学生站稳政治立场、坚定政治信仰和强化政治担当,又有利于推动大学生自觉践行社会主义核心价值观和坚定文化自信,也有利于从思想和行动层面为民族复兴事业培育时代新人,具有重要的政治价值、文化价值和社会价值。基于此,高校要从理论性和实践性教学优化融合型育人课堂,从物质、精神和行为多层面形成融合型育人文化氛围,从学校、社会和家庭多方面发挥融合型育人主体的作用,从内容、形式和方法多维度打造融合型育人模式,推进党史教育有机融入高校“原理”课。