Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

A journey towards shared governance: status and prospects for collaborative management in the protected areas of Bangladesh

Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions： （1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CMC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.

The Constitution of Authority:the Past and Present of the Governance Order in Rural Areas

How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? This is a major problem in the construction of new rural areas of contemporary China. This paper attempts to present a historical picture of the inversely proportional relationship between elements like regime, family authority, gentry authority, financial power, political power, civil rights, and so on, based on review of the change path of rural area governance order tracing back to traditional period, the period of the Republic of China, years before the founding of new China as well as period after reform and opening up. It is believed that"innovations"and"heritages"of traditions must be investigated in the transformation process for the rebuilding of a set of stable and reasonable governance order for rural areas, instead of cutting facts by a certain theory or design. In addition, the actual weight of every authority element in social structure and order in people’s mind should be faced up with, which should be integrated with"regulation"and"virtue".

Forest protected area governance in Bangladesh:a focus on the legal and policy framework

In the context of renewed interest in collaboration in natural resource management,the collaborative governance approach has lately been introduced to the forest Protected Areas(PAs)in Bangladesh.The adoption of this co-management approach is seen as an attempt to influence the governance process towards a transformation from the conventional custodian system to a more participatory management regime.Recognition of rights and responsibilities,effective participation,and equitable distribution of benefits amongst the key stakeholders working under a facilitative policy and legal framework are believed to address the broader goals of sustainable development Notwithstanding the resurgence of interest in governance of forest PAs through the co-management approach,academic research on the subject remains limited.This article attempts to review selected key information and milestones on the forest PAs governance with special reference to the major policies and legal documents.With a brief introductory section,this article focuses on the genesis and selected major features of the Forest PAs in the country.The discussion then dwells on the policy and legal framework and provides a critique on its relevance for promoting community participation.The existing institutional arrangements for community engagement in protected area governance are also analyzed in light of the national and international commitment and policy obligations on the part of the country.The salient observations and key findings of the study include the following:(1)despite its limitations,comanagement as concept and practice has gradually taken roots in Bangladesh;(2)the degree and level of active community participation remain low and limited,and there is also clear weakness in conscientizing and orientating the local community on the key legal and policy issues related to PA governance in the country;and(3)policy makers,practitioners,and other local stakeholders related to PA governance need to be oriented on international commitment and national development strategies.The study calls for systematic focus on regular research on the performance of co-management in the country,and efforts towards improving the implementation mechanisms in the field.

Spatial Governance of Multi-Plan Integration in the County Area:A Case Study of Sihui City

This study discussed the contradiction and reform experience of multi-plan integration in Sihui from the perspective of spatial governance.The research found:in terms of contradictions,the right and responsibility of management departments in the county area of Sihui were crosscutting,the township governance responsibilities needed urgent improvement,the urban-rural governance problems were different,the spatial governance elements were not unified,and the contradiction in the implementation mechanism was the implementation of projects.Through the multi-plan integration reform,Sihui reconstructed the right and responsibility relationship of the spatial governance departments,unified the elements of spatial governance,and refactored the implementation mechanism by reconstructing the transmission mechanism of the spatial planning system and the project approval mechanism and establishing the dynamic evaluation and adjustment mechanism.

On Innovation of Coordinative Development Mechanism of Science and Technology Park with Surrounding Areas under Promotion of the Government——Case Study on Three Science and Technology Park in Dongguan

Science and Technology Park, which plays a very important role in promoting rapid development of regional economy, has enjoyed various preferential policies in its unique development since China’s reform and opening up, which oppositely shows that the government has overlooked development outside the park and resulted in negative competition between the science and technology park and surrounding areas in resources and industry development, etc. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to overcome the existing obstacles against coordinative development between the park and surrounding areas, to explore paths where the two can development coordinately and to achieve new breakthrough and innovation in coordinative development in subject, object, platform and mechanism.

TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF TIBETAN-INHABITED AREA IN SICHUAN

Like other Tibetan-inhabitedareas in China,that inSichuan Province has sutrastreamers fluttering atopalmost all the mountain peaks,Mani stonemounds lying by each road,and glisteningmonasteries in each city or town.More-

The Governance Structure and Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organizations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empirical analysis of the governance structure and performance of agricultural cooperative economic organizations. The results show that the ownership structure has the most critical impact on the performance of cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is as high as 0.92; the importance of oversight mechanism is basically equivalent to that of the council structure for cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is 0.87 and 0.86,respectively,second only to the ownership structure; the size of members' quit capacity also has a very important impact on the performance of organizations,with impact coefficient of 0.74. Thus,the problems influencing the performance of organizations,in the current governance structure of agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,are pointed out. Finally,corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

Construction of Rural Community Governance Path:Based on the Empirical Analysis of Chaoyang Community in Dazhou,Sichuan

Promoting community governance and service innovation is the theme of the times for comprehensively deepening reforms in the field of community construction.The stability and development of the most basic rural community is another important task of community governance.The current rural social governance work is extremely weak,seriously affecting the process of the entire social governance work.Constructing the path of rural community governance has become an important task for the majority of theoretical workers and grassroots practitioners.Taking Chaoyang Community,Tongchuan District,Dazhou,Sichuan Province as an example,with the goal of creating a community with the rule of law,peace,harmony,beauty and livability,a new model and new path to build community governance is proposed in this article.

Socio-Economic Implication of Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Project in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared natural gas resources of the nation. However, large scale energy projects have been known to generate both positive and/or negative impacts. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have often been the compendium of information on approved mitigations, which normally include activities that could maximize the benefits of the host communities, and it’s not unusual for the Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CDCSR) department of such an organization to be saddled with these contributions. But the activities of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CSR department have often been the source of criticism, as well as aspiration for improvement by host communities and other stake holders. This article thus aims to present a comprehensive compendium of NLNG’s CDCSR activities, up to the year 2010, and also highlight the level of satisfaction of the immediate and distant host communities against the level of performance of other donors in the area. Also the arrays of negative socio-economic consequences of the Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities were identified based on community perception. The results generally showed that comparatively, NLNG project has made more innovative positive socio-economic and health contributions to its areas of operation than the three tiers of government and other donors (including SPDC and Mobil Producing Nigeria). Surprisingly, agitations against Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s activities have not overshadowed its community development provisions, which have been of major assistance in several communities. There is however a dire need to review several aspects of Nigeria LNG Ltd.’s CDCSR activities, especially in the fulfilment of documented promises, as well as in project conception and community participation, for better completed projects acceptance by indigenous host communities. Conflict management strategies also need to be improved, while the dissatisfaction over benefits in New Finima needs to be urgently addressed.

Processes of Adaptation and Creation of a Territorial Governance： The Experience of the Cities of Benevento and Salerno （Campania Region, Italy）~

This paper presents some considerations about the definition and role of ＂medium-sized cities＂ in the processes of urban governance of the Italian regional systems, in line with the objectives of European programming 2007-2013. Beginning from some theoretical considerations, the research objective is to delineate the features of the ＂new urban geography＂ of Campania region as it has been formed on the base of the social and economic processes that in the last 30 years have modified the regional urban system in the widest context of Mezzogiorno. To such aim, the paper is articulated in two parts： the first one in which the fundamental passages are re-called in the processes of development of Italian urban areas that have carried to new paradigms object of theoretical approaches still in course of definition, and the second one in which such processes are considered regarding the model of urban development of Campania, on which the research is concentrated. Specifically, the paper presents the case of two ＂middle cities＂ in the Campania region： Benevento and Salerno, which play a particularly important role in the design and development of a ＂regional network of medium-sized cities＂.

基于自然的解决方案对我国国家公园建设与管理研究的启示

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)作为应对全球生物多样性丧失和气候变化双重危机的重要手段,已成为生态与环境科学领域的研究前沿。自然保护地是保护生物多样性和应对气候变化的重要载体,充分借鉴NbS的标准与方法在自然保护地进行科学实施,可以在生物多样性保护、减缓和适应气候变化、推动实现可持续发展等方面实现协同增效。目前我国正处于以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设的关键时期,国家公园建设与管理及相关研究已成为近年来我国生态文明和美丽中国建设进程中的热点领域。为此,基于世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)提出的NbS全球标准的八项准则,首先梳理了NbS的各项准则对我国国家公园理论与实践的适用性,进而结合NbS的八项准则,以及我国国家公园建设与管理中的实际需求,将我国国家公园建设与管理的相关理论与实践进展围绕以下四个方面进行了梳理,即:(1)如何科学建设国家公园(准则1,应对社会挑战;准则2,根据不同尺度设计);(2)国家公园如何有效治理/管理(准则5,基于包容、透明和赋权的治理过程;准则7,基于证据进行适应性管理);(3)国家公园建设与管理成效如何(准则3,带来生物多样性净增长和生态系统完整性;准则6,在首要目标和其他多种效益间公正地权衡);(4)国家公园如何实现可持续性(准则4,具有经济可行性;准则8,具可持续性并在适当的辖区内主流化)。最后,充分借鉴NbS的各项准则,研究就我国国家公园建设与管理及相关研究提出了启示与展望,以期为我国国家公园相关学科的发展提供参考,并为推动将NbS纳入我国国家公园建设与管理行动提供支撑。

乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。

乡村治理现代化的法治逻辑

实施乡村振兴战略是健全现代社会治理格局的固本之策,其囊括经济、社会和文化等多方面要求,彰显了乡村发展与乡村治理的辩证关系。传统的公共管理模式和城乡二元体制曾长期压制民众的自主性和能动性,桎梏了社会的活力和创造力,滋养了等级观念和特权思想,而早已无法适应现代社会的发展需要,融合形式法治、程序法治和实质法治的现代法治才符合治理现代化的要求。法治通过保障人权、捍卫民主、维护秩序而推动它们在乡村治理现代化中发挥积极作用,但法治乡村的推进不仅面临着法治中国的普遍性问题,还要求关注乡村社会的行动逻辑及其现实根源。要坚持乡村居民在法治中的主体地位和能动作用,在推动城乡融合发展的同时平衡各种社会力量,以乡村振兴培育法治的内生性动力,以平等适用促进法治的合法性基础,以多元共治构建乡村的善治格局。

由强省到强国:省级政府推进特色农业强国政策体系的异质性研究

农业强省是农业强国的有机组成部分,地方政府对农业强国战略的推进是农业强国建设的重要环节。农业强国的政策体系主要以政策背景、政策手段和政策目标三大要素来构成。其中,政策背景作为出发点,分别从制度空间、经济空间、社会空间描绘出现实图景。各省以构建保障体系、产业体系、支持体系和创新体系的政策手段来贯彻落实农业强国战略,勾勒出鲜明的农业强国建设着力点。政策目标是政策体系的归宿点,央地政策的精准匹配体现出协同治理的思想。在建设农业强国的实践中,各省级政府要统筹发挥好不同体系的作用,打造具有弹性的特色农业强国建设体系,协调好中央与地方治理的关系,实现央地协同发展。

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

城乡融合视域下农村低收入人口和欠发达地区发展帮扶机制优化研究——深入学习党的二十届三中全会精神

解决农村低收入人口和欠发达地区问题是迈向共同富裕的中国式现代化新征程中的时代命题,城乡融合发展为其重塑治理空间并注入强劲发展动能。新阶段推进农村低收入人口和欠发达地区发展帮扶机制优化是弱势群体帮扶和落后地区开发的政策延续、面向高质量发展要求的现实回应与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成,应正确把握精准帮扶与普惠支持、政府引导与市场化运作等重要关系,优化农村低收入人口和欠发达地区帮扶机制:完善测度指标体系,加强动态监测预警;发挥政府与市场协同作用,提高资源配置效率;增进农村低收入人口内生动力,激发欠发达地区发展活力;健全激励约束机制,提升发展帮扶工作绩效管理水平;强化党建引领,促进区域战略协同联动,以期提升农村低收入人口可行能力、实现欠发达地区可持续发展和深入推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化。

中国式乡村教育现代化:内涵、推进逻辑与实现机制

中国式乡村教育现代化是在中国共产党的坚强领导下,激活乡村内生动力,以新时代中国特色社会主义教育理论为指导,以中国优秀传统农耕文明为底基,以乡村自然环境为基本载体,融入现代先进技术手段,以乡村教育优质均衡为目标,实现农业农村现代化、推动乡村振兴的乡村教育现代化进程。要推动中国式乡村教育现代化,需要直面我国乡村教育现代化发展道路所存在的实践目标不够明晰、主体治理亟需提质、助推乡村经济文化能力偏弱、对外交流与合作水平相对滞后、风险调适机制仍需完善的挑战,遵循保障农民教育基本权益的底线逻辑,根植中华农耕文明的历史逻辑,贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的理论逻辑,以及扎根中国乡村大地办教育的实践逻辑。从动态目标设计、主体治理完善、经济文化重塑、合作交流拓展、行动协同规范五个层面推进中国式乡村教育现代化。