The Fulfillment of Government Responsibilities in the Collaborative Governance of Rural Water Pollution

Rural environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has become an important problem to be solved urgently in our country under the background of the new era. Protecting the ecological environment is one of the important functions of the government, and protecting the rural water environment is the unshirkable responsibility of the local governments. As the main body of rural water pollution control, how to define and fulfill the local governments’ responsibilities is of great significance to the advancement of the overall governance work. This paper starts from the local governments, which are the important main body of rural environmental governance. By comparing the similarities and differences between the performance of government responsibilities under the traditional governance model and the collaborative governance model, clarifies the governance responsibilities of the local governments. And further explores the effective measures for the government to play the main role, fulfill the main responsibilities, and participate in the collaborative governance of rural water pollution.

Circulation of Development Factors Promoted by Innovation of Land Management Under Background of Rural Vitalization:A Case Study of Tengtou Village in Zhejiang Province,China

Land is the space carrier for the existence and flow of other development factors.Activating rural land and promoting the circulation of other development factors through land management innovation is necessary to realize rural vitalization.This paper identifies the connotation of factor flow in the rural vitalization context,the action mechanism of land management innovation to boost the flow of development factors,the issues and obstacles restricting factor circulation,and the realization mechanism of the flow of development factors in rural vitalization.Based on the analytic paradigm constructed in the paper,the successful practice of promoting the flow of development factors through innovative land management in a model village is examined.The results show that:1)the unreasonable systems characterized by the land use system in rural areas are the main obstacles causing circulation issues in development factors.It is essential to engage in comprehensive reform to break down these long-lasting obstacles to the smooth flow of development factors.2)The land should play a leading role in the circulation of development factors in the background of rural vitalization;the main purpose of land management innovation is to activate the land factor,thereby promoting the circulation of other factors.3)The activated land factor will act as a‘trigger’to promote capital and technology in rural settings and use capital and technology to attract the inflow of talents and the return of migrant workers,whereby the population factor will act as a‘catalyst’for the cultivation of rural culture,bringing about the integration of various development factors.4)The innovation of land use and management,increased funding,and new technologies have brought multiple talents to Tengtou Village.The high-frequency mutual feedback between the village’s own and the external development factors resulted in its successful integration of industrial development.

Looking for a Chinese solution to global problems:The situation and countermeasures of marine plastic waste and microplastics pollution governance system in China

As one of the top ten environmental problems to be solved in the world,marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution seriously affect the health of marine ecosystems and the sustainable development of Marine economies.It is necessary to promote the establishment of a scientific and systematic Marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system and take strong measures to fundamentally curb and reverse the trend of marine pollution intensification in China.This paper first explains the practical significance of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control from three aspects:the sustainable development of the blue economy,the structural upgrading of the pan-plastic industry,and the improvement of public health awareness.Secondly,the particularity of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system is summarized from three aspects of formation mechanism,migration path and damage performance.Then,it identifies domestic and international governance strategies and action plans from the perspectives of mechanism,subject,object,and measures,summarizes existing problems in the existing marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,and gives directions for future improvement.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to accelerate the construction of China’s marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,including the formation of a cross sectoral integrated land and sea control system,a full life cycle waste management process,a multi-participation model for marine ecological and environmental governance,and a global marine pollution prevention and control system.

Main Problems and Government Action in Rural Land Circulation of China

On the basis of introducing and defining the concept of rural land circulation,this paper discussed the inevitability of rural land circulation in China and analyzed the main problems in the rural land circulation. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for the government in the rural land circulation in China,including formulating the relevant administrative rules and regulations,improving the rural land circulation policy system,improving the rural social security system and relieving the worry of farmers in land circulation,energetically promoting institutional construction,and actively cultivating rural land circulation market.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

Corruption of Village Cadres and Construction of Clean Government in Rural Land Management in China

This paper analyzed the types and causes of corruption of village cadres in rural land management in China. On the basis of current corruption situation,it came up with recommendations including improving the financial system at the village level,establishing land information network,and reforming functions of village committees in the land management,in order to prevent corruption of village cadres in the land management and establish and improve the clean government mechanism for village cadres.

分级治理:乡村旅游开发中的基层治理秩序再造——基于豫北Y村的田野调查

产业兴旺、生活富裕与治理有序共同构成了乡村振兴的基础。基于豫北的田野调查发现,乡村旅游开发提高了农民的非农就业机会与家庭收入,但也造成了村庄开发的混乱局面,建立在土地之上单一利益主体间的互动转变为多方利益主体的博弈。在新的关系互动模式下,村庄内形成了土地利益分化的差序格局,集体土地分配规则的公共性与权威弱化,基于土地调整、分配的层级治理秩序受到冲击,导致了村级治理的困境。要实现不同利益主体博弈的平衡,必须重新构建发展型村庄的治理体系,即由村一级负责对接村庄发展性任务,承担村庄的土地经营与产业发展,同时落实相应基础设施建设和资源分配,保证村庄内部发展的整体性公平;而组一级负责对接村庄常规性事务,负责对农民的组织和动员,同时参与村庄经济发展的监督与收益分配,保证村庄事务推进的公开透明性,以此通过权力、责任和利益的协调,重构村组之间的利益连带关系,形成村组之间相互嵌入的新层级治理体系与基层治理效力。

诉源治理下农村土地承包经营纠纷仲裁制度的实践反思——以广东S市为例

以广东省S市农地承包经营纠纷仲裁制度实证调查为基础,深入探究我国《农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法》在具体运作中存在的缺陷。结合诉源治理将社会纠纷“源头预防、前端化解”的要求,提出厘清制度的性质定位,明确仲裁机构独立性,赋予仲裁“一裁终局”效力,尝试构建仲裁与调解相结合、仲裁与诉讼相衔接的良性互动机制等一系列解困建议,以重现公正、及时解决农村土地承包经营纠纷,提升矛盾纠纷预防化解法治化水平,完善中国特色多元化纠纷解决机制。

制度变迁背景下集体建设用地改造与政府角色回归:以佛山市南海区为例

集体建设用地再开发是盘活存量,促进城市高质量发展的主要途径,伴随着集体土地产权制度路径依赖式的变迁:自上而下的土地确权正式化集体建设用地的存在,赋予村集体权利,但在土地初次开发中自下而上形成的制度制约着改造。文章探讨制度变迁下,地方政府如何与村集体互动,化解上述制度制约,促进集体建设用地市场化改造的。研究发现,集体建设用地正式化开启了改造市场,但仍受空间破碎、集体土地经营内卷化、开发权模糊的约束。地方政府发挥了企业化的非正式角色,与村集体形成合作与竞争并存的协商型合作关系。合作在于政府从供、需两侧化解前述制约,充当村集体与市场主体间的“交易中介”,降低交易成本,助力改造。竞争表现为村集体为攫取地租把持政府,损害社会公平。地方政府的“非正式”角色应予以制度化,以规避其在维护社会公益上的失灵。

国土空间规划治理体系对乡村产业振兴的影响与赋能路径

乡村产业振兴是实现国家乡村振兴战略的核心内容,但长期面临产业用地供需失配、土地发展权配置失衡、土地用途管控刚弹失调等问题,有待国土空间规划治理体系的优化。文章围绕规划编制、实施和监督三个方面,解析国土空间规划治理体系对乡村产业发展的制约,进而提出国土空间规划治理体系优化的措施和路径,包括着眼于土地发展权均衡配置构建实施导向的县镇村空间规划编制体系,建立土地权益调节与土地综合整治的互促机制,建立多方参与协商的乡村规划治理体系。

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

建构主义视角下农民集体行动研究——基于鄂北两村的调查

乡村治理现代化的程度,关乎乡村振兴战略实施和农村基层治理全局,也直接影响着国家治理现代化的进程与成效,而农民集体行动能力则是乡村治理现代化的重要指标。本研究从建构主义的视角出发,在动态关系中洞悉农民集体行动的生成机制与行动逻辑,发现农民集体行动归根结底就是情境实践,即农民集体行动是在制度情境、本土情境、事件情境下,以共同利益为基础促进成员组织化参与,在不同的主体互动中达成行动目标的共识,借助公共权威、社会信任、社会网络等建立协作配合的合作关系,构建起基层治理共同体的过程。

乡村集体土地制度对返贫风险治理的影响及优化路径

乡村集体土地制度是一个承载着历史印记的制度安排,其变迁对中国农村经济社会发展产生了深远的影响。在乡村振兴战略背景下,乡村集体土地制度对治理返贫风险尤为关键。当前,乡村集体土地使用存在权属不清、流转不畅、利用效率低下等问题,制约了乡村经济的进一步发展。文章基于这些问题分析了乡村集体土地制度对返贫风险治理的多维效应,包括收入效应、就业效应、社会效应和环境效应,并针对乡村集体土地使用的问题和改革的局限性,从完善集体土地所有权制度、使用权制度、经营权制度,创新土地利用方式,强化土地空间规划布局等方面提出了一系列治理路径设计,以提高土地使用效率,保障农民权益,有效降低返贫风险,激活乡村内生动力,增强乡村发展韧性。

农村产业融合发展用地保障的整体性治理——以天津市为例

农村产业融合是推动农村产业转型升级进而实现产业兴旺的必然选择,土地是农村产业融合高效、可持续发展的关键性支撑和根本基础,开展农村产业融合发展用地保障研究可以为农村产业融合政策优化创新提供参考借鉴。本文基于整体性治理的理论框架,分析了天津农村产业融合用地保障的实践及其效果、困境,提出了治理体系碎片化的整体性治理路径。加强规划引领,强化用地指标制度化保障;整合存量建设用地资源,多方面挖掘供给潜力;统筹土地利用模式,提升土地管理灵活性;强化用地保障顶层设计,完善服务监管机制;加强公众参与,实现多元共治的主体结构;加强数字赋能,提升土地管理效率。

舆论危机及其政府监管:边界与路径--以农村地区环境污染为考察对象

农村地区环境污染发生过程中,伴随着危言耸听、负面情绪传播、谣言、语言暴力等舆论危机现象。因此,要想解决农村生态危机、构建优良生态环境,在治理环境本身的基础上还需做好环境信息传播与舆论危机监管工作。研究认为,舆论监管是互联网监管背景下的必然选项,必须通过构建政府、行业、平台、公众等协同监管,为农村地区生态环境改善营造良好的舆论氛围。

解读乡村性:中国城乡边界的历史源流、概念迷思与规划政策解析

立足乡村振兴,分析城乡之间高度互嵌的面貌,提出中国城乡边界界定与乡村性溯源的思考,将其概括为“城乡边界在哪里”“我们想要什么样的乡村”两个具体问题。结合中国乡村发展历史演进中的过程变迁,认为户籍、税收、治理与土地等4个制度要素是塑造城乡边界的关键。基于此,结合近现代乡村发展制度与政策的分析,引入西方研究中的“乡村性”概念并分析城乡边界在乡村性中的作用与效应;基于历史与理论的对话分析,围绕户籍、税收、治理与土地对中国城乡边界政策展开研究,分别阐释这4个维度在彰显乡村发展本体性、保存乡村风貌原真性中的作用。通过总结城乡边界在乡村规划建设中的效应,以期为中国乡村性的发展提供经验。

乡村振兴背景下农村生态环境治理路径研究--以镇雄县银厂村为例

农村生态环境治理是全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要举措,对于推动农村发展具有重要意义。农村生态环境治理是实现农村生态振兴的必然途径,是促进农村可持续发展的基础保障,是满足人民美好生活需要的民生工程。新时代加强农村生态环境治理应该深化基层党建引领作用,完善制度体系建设,强化村民主体责任和拓宽市场参与渠道。

乡村振兴背景下菏泽市土地退化演变及治理措施研究

基于GEE(google earth engine)获取2001、2010、2020年的土地利用类型数据,借助GIS平台分析菏泽市不同时期土地利用变化状况、各县(区)土地利用变化状况、土地利用变化图谱特征。结果表明:2001—2020年菏泽市耕地面积逐渐减少,且减少量(255.73 km^(2))较大;建设用地面积持续增加,20年间增加了105.13 km^(2)。在各土地利用类型中,耕地的转出面积最大。各县(区)土地利用变化状况差异较大,牡丹区的耕地面积减少量(51.19 km^(2))、建设用地面积增加量(22.59 km^(2))最大。结合菏泽市情,分析菏泽市人地矛盾突出、土地退化加剧、耕地与建设用地之间矛盾突出的原因,并提出扭转耕地面积减少趋势、保护湿地、扭转土地退化趋势等对策。

乡村治理秩序重构:机理与现代化方向

乡村善治是建设和美乡村的重要基础。乡土中国历来是一个非制度化极具张力的社会,在“差序格局”的传统秩序内,“三缘”内生出以关系交易、集体行动、人情文化为特征的有序社会规范,从本质上表达为由权利不充分而构筑的风险共担、利益共享的生存机制。本文以土地赋权、机会开放和保障强化为分析视角,揭示中国乡村治理秩序撕裂与重构的发生机理与现代化方向。本文阐明,随着地权制度改革逐步对农民“赋权强能”以拓展享益空间,经济形态转变与开放赋予农民流动择业与融入现代市场的选择机会,国家多层次社保机制强化农民的发展权利,均在冲击农村传统关系型治理秩序的构筑基础,并以契约化、正式化的现代方式重塑乡村治理体系。本文强调,面临农村社会经济交易与社会交往秩序正在发生的深刻转型,应准确把握乡村现代治理方向,强调三治融合,形成制度化与非制度化协调互促的现代乡村治理体系,建设和谐美丽新农村。

长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地减量策略研究

随着我国土地供需矛盾的日益突出,建设用地从“宽供给”逐渐走向“总量减量、盘活存量”发展的新阶段。基于长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地持续蔓延扩张,用地规模难以控制的问题,本文通过总结我国城乡建设用地政策演变与相关实践经验,以长株潭城市群生态绿心地区为例,深度剖析乡村建设用地减量发展面临的困境,并从规划编制体系、具体实施路径、政策创新三个方面提出减量化策略,即“完善规划编制,构建‘全链条’减量治理体系”、“精准识别减量区域,推进‘精细化’减量实施路径”、“创新减量政策,探索‘生态+减量’协同治理模式”,以期为我国跨区域城郊地区乡村空间治理提供参考。