Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

Service and Responsibility： Reinforcing the Environmental E-government of China

Environmental E-government plays an important role in the progress of uniting the harmonious development between human and nature, and building the environment-friendly-society. This paper discusses the relationship between environmental E-government and government function of the environmental management. To develop environmental E-government can better the executive ability of the government to manage the environment and serve the public. It can realize the over-all covering of environmental information beyond time and space. Also, it can enhance the mutual action between the society and the government, and improve the effectiveness of the government to manage the environment as well.

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

The Evaluation and Analysis of the Government’s Entity Responsibilities of Promoting Gender Equality and Women’s Development

During the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,the chinese government,on the basis of adhering to the constitutional principle of equality between men and women,has proposed and resolutely implemented the basic state policy of equality between men and women,and constantly explored and implemented ways and measures to promote gender equality and the women’s all-round development.in enacting laws,formulating policies,drawing up plans and deploying work,the chinese government has taken into account the practical differences between the genders and the special interests of women,promoted women’s equal exercising of their democratic rights,equal participation in economic and social development and equal enjoyment of the fruits of reform and development,and provided stronger systematic and institutional guarantees for women’s development.

石油石化企业ESG评价对标及对中国企业的启示

环境保护、社会责任和公司治理(ESG)是用来评估企业可持续发展的重要指标。全球ESG评价体系正在蓬勃发展,普遍采用金字塔结构的ESG评价指标体系模型。采用彭博ESG评价数据库,选取2023年《财富》世界500强排名靠前的23家石油石化公司,对标分析2023年度的ESG表现。23家石油石化公司2023年环境保护维度方面的评分呈现较明显的两极分化现象,社会责任维度中各地域公司评分情况较为均衡,欧美公司在公司治理维度评分普遍较高。中国公司的指标披露力度和深度不足,环境保护指标实际表现不佳,战略及风险分析深度不足,公司治理模式与欧美公司有差异。中国公司应进一步加强ESG治理顶层设计,让ESG成为推动企业高质量发展的重要抓手;加强ESG信息披露及评价体系和能力建设,做好国内外信息披露新规的应对工作;积极参加国家与行业ESG管理标准和规则的制定、完善和提升工作。

ESG责任履行、外部治理与工业上市公司高质量发展

为探究ESG责任履行对工业上市公司高质量发展的影响,以及外部治理因素对二者关系的调节作用,以2011—2021年中国A股工业上市公司数据为样本,构建多维固定效应模型进行实证分析。研究发现,履行ESG责任有助于推动工业上市公司实现高质量发展,且公司治理责任的推动作用最大;分析师关注、媒体关注及环境规制等外部治理因素在ESG责任履行与高质量发展的关系中发挥正向调节作用。结果表明,工业上市公司应当加大ESG责任履行力度,可利用分析师关注、媒体关注激励工业上市公司履行ESG责任,政府及监管部门应当完善与ESG责任履行相关的法律法规,进而推动工业上市公司实现高质量发展。

IPO环保问询提升了企业ESG责任吗?

促进实体经济承担ESG责任、加强连接外部资本与绿色产业连接、实现企业高质量发展的话题受到理论与实务界越来越的关注。行政型环境规制迫使企业将环保治理作为政策遵从成本,而市场化规制则能引导企业在产品市场兑现“绿色”价值,履行ESG责任,提升企业竞争力,缓解资源约束问题。本文基于IPO环保核查市场化改革背景,从发行市场审核问询视角出发,以2015年到2022年A股发行阶段的问询函为样本,实证研究了IPO环保问询对企业ESG责任的影响效应及作用机理。研究表明:(1)IPO环保问询对企业承担ESG责任具有显著的激励效应,这一结论在经过稳健性与内生性检验后依旧成立。(2)机制研究表明,IPO环保问询为公众监督上市公司环保治理提供了更透明的资讯,优化了地方政府选择补贴对象的信息环境,从而提高了环保问询企业获得补贴的可能,并通过补贴释放的“减排信号”进一步强化公众监督,倒逼公司兑现上市承诺,提升ESG表现。(3)异质性分析表明,IPO问询对企业环保行动的指引,因不同地区的环境规制强度、地区公众环境关注度以及企业自身的绿色技术条件而异。本文的研究在理论上为探索如何激励企业承担ESG责任提供了新的视角,在实践上为完善发行市场环保问询体系提供了经验证据。

基于SEM的环境治理PPP项目责任分担障碍诊断研究

责任分担障碍严重制约环境治理PPP项目的实施效率.基于文献梳理和深度访谈,应用扎根理论析出环境治理PPP项目责任分担障碍因素范畴.结合结构方程,以天津市双港垃圾焚烧发电项目为例,诊断分析各障碍因素作用大小及其路径.结果表明:责任分担障碍因素影响程度依次为利益诉求、风险感知、监督管理和合作意愿,其中,利益诉求是责任分担障碍症状的根本原因.关键障碍因素包括融资压力、投资回报、政府信用风险、补偿激励监管和履约信誉.笔者依据诊断结果设计环境治理PPP项目责任分担全景式保障策略,以实现项目的可持续发展.

我国ESG投资实践及发展对策

近年来,ESG(Environmental、Social、Governance)投资作为一种引入环境、社会和公司治理理念指导投资决策的新兴模式,在全球范围内迅速发展。通过回顾ESG投资的兴起背景和发展历程,分析其在我国的推广情况,系统梳理了我国ESG投资的发展阶段、实际效应及所面临的挑战,在此基础上提出了针对性的政策建议,以期进一步完善我国ESG投资的顶层设计和制度建设。

税收负担、地方政府竞争与污染治理——基于面板PSR-熵值-Tobit模型的实证

基于污染治理评估指标体系和中国30个省区市的面板数据,对污染治理水平综合指数进行极值熵值处理,运用面板Tobit模型和广义最小二乘法(GLS),探究税收负担和地方政府竞争对污染治理的影响效应。研究结果显示:整体上,中国污染治理水平呈现出“阶梯状”逐年上升的演变趋势;分地区看,四大地区污染治理水平非均衡性特征明显;污染治理压力、状态、响应三大子系统分别呈现“快速攀升”“平稳发展”和“波浪形升降”的演变特征。不同统计口径的税收负担对污染治理水平的影响效应不同,其中,宏观税负、狭义环境保护税税负抑制了污染治理水平的提升,广义环境保护税税负促进了污染治理水平的提升;引入地方政府竞争后发现,地方政府竞争不利于污染治理水平提升,且税收负担对污染治理的影响受到地方政府竞争的制约。文章从健全绿色税收体系、落实排污许可制、优化地方政府竞争等角度提出提升污染治理水平的政策建议。

Corporate Governance, Sustainable Development and Value Creation Some Evidences From Italian Listed Companies

Modern corporate situations, characterized by the globalisation of the markets and of the information, highlight the need to link the potential of a not transient growth to the adequate reconciliation of all the expectations converging around the entrepreneurial formula and not only of those attributable to shareholders. In such a defined context, corporate governance tends to evolve from a situation of primary care for the expectations of shareholders （shareholder＇s view） and for the correlated financial responsibility, to a wide consideration of all the stakeholders （stakeholder＇s view） and related responsibilities （financial, environmental, social, administrative）. The correct carrying out of governance processes requires, therefore, a clear focus on sustainable development and on the related assumption of a concept of global responsibility. The decisions made by the governing bodies must be driven by the purpose to create value in the long term according to conditions of fairness and sustainable development. To sum up, this research aims to deepen the existing connections between corporate governance, sustainable development and value creation on the basis of the empirical analysis of a limited number of listed Italian companies afferent to the public utilities sector. The paper, based on a deductive approach, is composed of two distinct but strictly connected parts： the first theoretical and the second empirical. The empirical research consists of a content analysis of the most recent documents （sustainability reports and annual reports） worked out by the selected companies. The results obtained about the degree respect of sustainable development conditions by each company are linked to the related value dimension （social, economic, competitive and environmental performance） aimed at verifying if the assumption of a corporate governance approach inspired by sustainability is susceptible of favouring the company development in a medium long term. From the delivered research it emerges how public utilities that promote behaviours in line with the sustainability conditions are marked out by stable growth paths. Conversely, the companies that assume a vision mainly addressed to the economic dimension, neglecting the other areas are generally compromised in the performance realized.

The dynamic analysis of natural environment change of nuclear test field in Lop Nur region of China

Using earth satellite observation means, remote sensing information distilled technique and regional research production, we have roundly analyzed and made an integrated evaluation about the Lop Nur nuclear test field in western China. This product reveals the rarely-known nuke explosion effect and response events of geology conditions. It also offers us legible and practical first-hand materials about human extreme effects, important engineering environment and intimidating influence process. By excavating and appraising the materials gradually on the natural environment factors changing in the test field through macroscopic elimination and typical filtration, it can supply basic scientific data for security of national nuclear usage, appraising the nuclear environment synthetically and developing nuclear strategy expediently.

新发展理念下运用ESG评价体系推动国有企业高质量发展的思考

以环境(Environmental)、社会(Social)和公司治理(Governance)三个维度为核心的ESG评价体系,与创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念高度契合。“创新”是对企业自身能力的要求,体现在“公司治理”维度中;“协调、绿色”关注的是发展与安全、人与自然的关系,反映在“环境”维度中;“开放、共享”对企业而言就是向社会提供正的外部性,这也是“社会责任”所关心的内容。中国盐业集团有限公司在改革发展中坚持新发展理念,自觉落实了ESG要求,为国有企业改革提供了可参照的案例。国有企业在落实新发展理念的实践中,可把ESG评价体系作为重要的参考系,有针对性地采取改革举措,更好地促进高质量发展。

Impact of sustainability on financial distress in the air transport industry:the moderating effect of Asia–Pacific

The tremendous impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global aviation industry has led to many cases of airline financial distress and bankruptcy.The Asia–Pacific region(APAC)contains more than half of the world’s population,and its airlines had the highest profit margin of any region.In this study,we investigate whether corporate sustainability practice can reduce the financial distress risk of air carriers,and,if so,what would the effect be in APAC?We first examine the relationship between environmental,social,and governance disclosure and the likelihood of financial distress of airlines as measured by the Altman Z″-score.Second,we analyze the moderating role of being an APAC airline in this relationship.The findings support the claim that implementing environmental actions may increase financial distress risk,and by improving social and governance activities,airlines can mitigate the risk of financial distress.The negative influence of the environmental pillar and the positive influence of the social pillar can be smaller for APAC airlines.Our study provides empirical evidence of the influence of environmental,social,and governance(ESG)on the likelihood of financial distress in the airline industry.Moreover,we analyze the moderating role of being an APAC airline in the relationship between sustainability and financial distress.This study has significant implications for executives,managers,and policymakers in the aviation industry on ESG strategy decisions and the general issue of sustainability.

前瞻型环境责任对低碳技术创新的影响研究——来自中国工业企业的证据

“双碳”目标下,低碳技术创新是实现环境保护与经济增长双赢的关键。基于2014—2020年沪深A股上市工业公司的面板数据,采用固定效应模型检验前瞻型环境责任对低碳技术创新的影响,从外部利益相关者视角分析其具体作用机制。结果显示:企业履行前瞻型环境责任有助于获取政府补贴、缓解融资约束,从而促进低碳技术创新。进一步研究表明,媒体环境关注能够增加前瞻型环境责任对政府补贴的促进作用,但是会削弱对融资约束的缓解作用。

“党政同责”、官员流动与城市环境监管——来自变更与任期的多维证据

中国地方官员的交流制度深刻影响主政行为。利用2011—2018年262个地级城市数据,区分市委书记、市长角色,通过变更、任期刻画流动,考虑多种交流形式和异质性策略,深度评估了官员流动的环境监管效应,为从政府行为视角理解官员流动的非预期影响提供了多维证据。研究发现,城市党政主要官员之一变更不利于环境监管水平的提升,党政主要官员同时变更或任期增加将提升环境监管力度;城市环境监管效应呈现市委书记为主导、市长协同的格局,2015年“党政同责”制度使该特征更加清晰,长任期情形下党政官员分工与互动能够促进经济环境协调发展。环境监管效应因交流形式、专业背景、是否升迁、有无环保部门任职经历而具有异质性。市委书记流动通过企业数量、产业结构、固定资产投资、外商投资等渠道影响城市环境监管力度。政策启示是应重视党政主要官员之一频繁流动对城市环境监管带来的非预期影响,强化党委对城市环境监管的引领,形成党政协同高效的绿色发展激励格局。

政府环境责任履行对环境质量改善的影响研究

基于2008-2019年中国120个环保重点城市数据,实证检验政府环境责任履行对环境质量改善的影响效应与作用机制。研究结果表明,政府环境责任履行对环境质量改善起到了显著的促进作用。在这一过程中,绿色技术创新和产业结构优化起到了中介作用。分维度来看,相较于生态环境治理责任,生态环境监管责任和生态多元共治责任对环境质量改善的作用更为显著;相较于烟(粉)尘,政府环境责任履行对其他污染物的减排作用更为显著。异质性分析表明,在财政科技支出高、煤炭消费占比高的地区,政府环境责任履行的环境质量改善效果更为显著。

共同但有区别责任原则在公海环境治理领域的适用问题

共同但有区别责任原则(以下简称“共区原则”)在公海环境治理领域发挥作用的同时,也面临着理论和具体实践领域的适用困境。在理论层面,该原则的法律性质存在争议,构成要件尚不明确,亦不确定该原则是否存在例外。从实践层面看,共区原则在海洋酸化治理、公海塑料污染治理、公海持久性有机污染物治理,以及国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物资源的养护与可持续利用方面存在区别责任被忽视、弱化或共同责任难以落实的困境。上述困境的成因包括旧的权力导向理念不利于公海治理以及公海环境治理中的区别责任的界定标准不够科学。未能充分考虑发展中国家的区别责任;难以确定各国的历史性责任;发达国家怠于承担或弱化技术转让和资金支持的区别责任是该原则在具体实践领域适用困境的成因。笔者建议在理论层面明确共区原则在公海环境治理中的法律原则地位、细化有区别责任主体的分类和具体形式、以及坚持以实质公平为核心。在具体实践领域,笔者建议在海运减排领域考虑发展中国家的诉求,并在其他海洋酸化治理事项中充分落实共同但有区别责任原则,在塑料公约谈判中重视并适用共区原则,优化持久性有机污染物治理的资金支持和技术援助,积极推动BBNJ协定的能力建设和海洋技术转让机制实施。