Whether a decision group does its function or not directly depends on the rationality of its characters. The decision science, also with other correlation disciplines, wants to know how the group characters affect the...Whether a decision group does its function or not directly depends on the rationality of its characters. The decision science, also with other correlation disciplines, wants to know how the group characters affect the group performance. Although there are great deals of means to describe the group characters theoretically and practically, in this paper, we consider that the integrity character of a group is composed of the group scale, the constitution and the structure. So the research on how group characters affect the group performance should focus on the three aspects. In order to grasp the present research situation and clear the prospective direction of the studies, we will summarize the study on how the group characters affect the group performance from these three aspects.展开更多
The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and...The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and protection of the disadvantaged group is the moral law characteristic of humanity, just as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its Article 1： ＂All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.展开更多
An anisotropic continuum stored energy (CSE), which is essentially composed of invariant component groups (ICGs), is postulated to be balanced with its stress work done, constructing a partial differential equation (P...An anisotropic continuum stored energy (CSE), which is essentially composed of invariant component groups (ICGs), is postulated to be balanced with its stress work done, constructing a partial differential equation (PDE). The anisotropic CSE PDE is generally solved by the Lie group and the ICGs through curvatures of elasticity tensor are particularly grouped by differential geometry, representing three general deformations: preferred translational deformations, preferred rotational deformations, and preferred powers of ellipsoidal deformations. The anisotropic CSE constitutive models have been curve-fitted for uniaxial tension tests of rabbit abdominal skins and porcine liver tissues, and biaxial tension and triaxial shear tests of human ventricular myocardial tissues. With the newly defined second invariant component, the anisotropic CSE constitutive models capture the transverse effects in uniaxial tension deformations and the shear coupling effects in triaxial shear deformations.展开更多
The new types of cybercrime have different features from traditional“cumulative crimes.”The application of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law has run into difficulties,and the relevant theoretical explanati...The new types of cybercrime have different features from traditional“cumulative crimes.”The application of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law has run into difficulties,and the relevant theoretical explanations of substantive preparatory crime and being an accomplice in crime find it hard to achieve self-consistency.Legislation on the new types of cybercrime is a legitimate response to recent changes in this area.Utilizing the particular techniques of cybercrime and the circumstantial requirement of limiting the amount of criminal harm is the key to satisfying the conditions for offences warranting criminal punishment.The harmfulness of the new types of cybercrime is not great;the law’s circumstantial requirements are flexible,and the criteria for judicial application are unclear,so the law’s provisions are seldom invoked and the sphere of criminal activity is unduly expanded.In order to give full play to the effectiveness of this legislation,we should formulate reasonable judicial rules that accord with the constitution of cybercrimes,narrow down the constituent elements of such crimes in a reasonable way,and categorize and limit the interpretation of circumstantial requirements.展开更多
Since the 1970s when Viktimodogmatik developed gradually in Germany,it has advocated to judge the crime from the perspective of victim rather than only from the actor in conventional criminal law.In the case of Wu Yin...Since the 1970s when Viktimodogmatik developed gradually in Germany,it has advocated to judge the crime from the perspective of victim rather than only from the actor in conventional criminal law.In the case of Wu Ying fund-raising fraud,11 direct victims were joint usury speculators without cognition error,therefore it does not meet the constitutive requirement of fund-raising fraud.Considering the展开更多
基金This paper is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation （NSF） （No.70371038）, and Excellent Innovative Research Group Funds Project from the NSF of China （No. 70121001）.
文摘Whether a decision group does its function or not directly depends on the rationality of its characters. The decision science, also with other correlation disciplines, wants to know how the group characters affect the group performance. Although there are great deals of means to describe the group characters theoretically and practically, in this paper, we consider that the integrity character of a group is composed of the group scale, the constitution and the structure. So the research on how group characters affect the group performance should focus on the three aspects. In order to grasp the present research situation and clear the prospective direction of the studies, we will summarize the study on how the group characters affect the group performance from these three aspects.
文摘The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and protection of the disadvantaged group is the moral law characteristic of humanity, just as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its Article 1： ＂All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
文摘An anisotropic continuum stored energy (CSE), which is essentially composed of invariant component groups (ICGs), is postulated to be balanced with its stress work done, constructing a partial differential equation (PDE). The anisotropic CSE PDE is generally solved by the Lie group and the ICGs through curvatures of elasticity tensor are particularly grouped by differential geometry, representing three general deformations: preferred translational deformations, preferred rotational deformations, and preferred powers of ellipsoidal deformations. The anisotropic CSE constitutive models have been curve-fitted for uniaxial tension tests of rabbit abdominal skins and porcine liver tissues, and biaxial tension and triaxial shear tests of human ventricular myocardial tissues. With the newly defined second invariant component, the anisotropic CSE constitutive models capture the transverse effects in uniaxial tension deformations and the shear coupling effects in triaxial shear deformations.
文摘The new types of cybercrime have different features from traditional“cumulative crimes.”The application of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law has run into difficulties,and the relevant theoretical explanations of substantive preparatory crime and being an accomplice in crime find it hard to achieve self-consistency.Legislation on the new types of cybercrime is a legitimate response to recent changes in this area.Utilizing the particular techniques of cybercrime and the circumstantial requirement of limiting the amount of criminal harm is the key to satisfying the conditions for offences warranting criminal punishment.The harmfulness of the new types of cybercrime is not great;the law’s circumstantial requirements are flexible,and the criteria for judicial application are unclear,so the law’s provisions are seldom invoked and the sphere of criminal activity is unduly expanded.In order to give full play to the effectiveness of this legislation,we should formulate reasonable judicial rules that accord with the constitution of cybercrimes,narrow down the constituent elements of such crimes in a reasonable way,and categorize and limit the interpretation of circumstantial requirements.
文摘Since the 1970s when Viktimodogmatik developed gradually in Germany,it has advocated to judge the crime from the perspective of victim rather than only from the actor in conventional criminal law.In the case of Wu Ying fund-raising fraud,11 direct victims were joint usury speculators without cognition error,therefore it does not meet the constitutive requirement of fund-raising fraud.Considering the
