Presently China mainly relies on the low cost of production factors and introducing advanced foreign technology to create an international competitive edge.Thepresent foreign trade growth mode,which is charaterized of...Presently China mainly relies on the low cost of production factors and introducing advanced foreign technology to create an international competitive edge.Thepresent foreign trade growth mode,which is charaterized of quantitative expansion,labor-intensive and low prices,low e ciency,unsustained,is facing lots ofdifficulties.The problems such as the worsening terms of trade,the huge trade surplus,too much dependence on foreign trade,the rising prices of production factors,difficulties in the introduction of high technology,excessive consumption of resources,environmental pressures exacerbated the situations.Therefore,China mustadopt effective measures into a sustained and high efficiency foreign trade growth mode,which is supposed to be described as optimization of export commoditystructure,market diversification,mainly relying on independent innovation and independent brands,promoting trade with science and technology,rationaliztion ofindustrial structure,focusing on high added value.展开更多
Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has continuously increased its import and export volumes along with improving its trade structure,becoming a major tradin...Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has continuously increased its import and export volumes along with improving its trade structure,becoming a major trading nation and making progress toward a trading power.In the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),China has experienced acceleration in its foreign trade structural adjustment under its opening-up strategy,and the function of foreign trade has shifted from being a driver for growth to being a way to balance development.China is expected to continue its trade growth momentum and structural improvement and strengthen its trade competitiveness.In achieving this vision,China should make efforts to increase structural equilibrium,create a favorable external trade environment,and pave the way for trade growth and sustainable development.展开更多
Based on the statistical data of Shanghai, the paper makes empirical research on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth. The research results indicate that there is long-term dynamic and equilibriu...Based on the statistical data of Shanghai, the paper makes empirical research on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth. The research results indicate that there is long-term dynamic and equilibrium relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, and the economic growth is the Granger cause of trade import. Since 1979, rapid growth of economy motivates the expansion of trade import, but the pulling effect of import on economic growth is not evident. In addition, trade import promotes economic growth in the long run. But we can see that from the economic data in Shanghai that the promotion has not become the source motivate force of growth for trade expert.展开更多
At a working conference, Vice Mayor Lu Yucheng presented a plan for Beijing’s 1997 work in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The general task is to carry out the strategy of great economy and trade, expand expo...At a working conference, Vice Mayor Lu Yucheng presented a plan for Beijing’s 1997 work in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The general task is to carry out the strategy of great economy and trade, expand exports, use foreign funds reasonably and effectively, and conduct international economic and technical cooperation. The major target is to complete export volume of US$2.3 billion. Last year’s import and展开更多
The extant literature has produced mixed evidence on the relationship between finan-cial development and ecological sustainability.This work addresses this conundrum by investigating financial development’s direct an...The extant literature has produced mixed evidence on the relationship between finan-cial development and ecological sustainability.This work addresses this conundrum by investigating financial development’s direct and indirect consequences on ecologi-cal quality utilizing the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)methodological approach.Our empirical analysis is based on the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations approach for South Africa between 1960 and 2020.The results,which used five distinct financial development measures,demonstrate that financial develop-ment boosts ecological integrity and environmental sustainability over the long and short terms.In the instance of South Africa,we additionally confirm the validity of the EKC theory.More importantly,the outcomes of the indirect channels demonstrate that financial development increases energy usage’s role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth,trade openness,and foreign direct investment on ecological quality.Moreover,the presence of an inadequate financial system is a requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis(PHH),which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct investment variables.PHH for both of these variables disappears when financial development crosses specified thresholds.Finally,industrial value addition destroys ecological quality while tech-nological innovation enhances it.This research provides some crucial policy recom-mendations and fresh perspectives for South Africa as it develops national initiatives to support ecological sustainability and reach its net zero emissions goal.展开更多
In 1996,China began to set targets for quadrupling its per capitaaverage GNP for a better livelihood and socialist market economicsystem——a kind of mature opening economy in the Ninth Five-YearPlan period(1996-2000)...In 1996,China began to set targets for quadrupling its per capitaaverage GNP for a better livelihood and socialist market economicsystem——a kind of mature opening economy in the Ninth Five-YearPlan period(1996-2000),aiming at comformity with the worldeconomy.For these purposes,it is essential to expand China’sopening to the outside for its foreign trade to boom and thus make fulluse of foreign and domestic markets for accelerating our economicdevelopment and upgrading development efficiency.In other words,China’s foreign trade development in the Ninth Five-Year Planperiod will greatly affect and control our economic growth andeconomic system reform.展开更多
In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of for...In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of foreign trade to transforming the development pattern of joreign trade. China＇s experience shows that economic instruments such as Net Barter Terms of Trade （NBTT） and the smile curve theory have limitations when it comes to interpreting foreign trade. If used improperly, scientific theories often lead to.fallacies. Transjbrming the development pattern of China＇s .foreign trade requires the following changes： national income distribution, foreign trade competition, market exploration, and resource utilization. We advise that competent authorities create a reasonable and operational system of assessment indicators.展开更多
In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of ...In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the展开更多
China’sforeign trade experienced threeconsecutive years of super-speed growth in 2002- 2004, even though the country was stricken by the SARS epidemic in 2003 and power shortages in 2004. What hasgone beyond expectat...China’sforeign trade experienced threeconsecutive years of super-speed growth in 2002- 2004, even though the country was stricken by the SARS epidemic in 2003 and power shortages in 2004. What hasgone beyond expectations is that the exports trade still grew with momentum after the central governmentlowered theexportrebate ratesbyan average of3 percentagepoints, starting from January2004. Such growth momentum isapparently associated with external demand and the performance ofthedomestic macroeconomy, and even more associated with a seriesof support policies. Thispaper tries to raise issuesissues associated with these policies on the basis of an analysis of foreign trade performance in 2002-2004, in order to enhance understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of these policies, and to recommend a new line ofthoughtfor improving policy arrangements for the growth of import and export trade and for the harmonious development of the macroeconomy.展开更多
This article provides a new framework to evaluate the status of Renminbi internationalization.It proposes that the trading patterns of a currency in the global foreign exchange market embody the currency’s position i...This article provides a new framework to evaluate the status of Renminbi internationalization.It proposes that the trading patterns of a currency in the global foreign exchange market embody the currency’s position in the international monetary system.Based on foreign exchange trading data provided by CLS Group,the article constructs a ranking of major international currencies including the Renminbi.It finds that the Renminbi shares more similarities in foreign exchange trading patterns with the established global currencies like the US dollar and the Euro than with those regional currencies.The article also explores the policy implications that the new evaluation approach provides.展开更多
A new round of FDI flow and new wave of international industry transfer has offered new opportunities for China to participate in international economic competition and cooperation. Utilization of foreign investment h...A new round of FDI flow and new wave of international industry transfer has offered new opportunities for China to participate in international economic competition and cooperation. Utilization of foreign investment has crucial implications for enhancing China's position in the international division of labor,cultivating new competitive advantages and strengthening overall competitiveness. China should grasp the opportunity and improve the investment environment in terms of legislation,system,policy,administration and service and ensure that foreign investment plays an important role in China's economic development and promotion of independent innovation and industry upgrade.展开更多
文摘Presently China mainly relies on the low cost of production factors and introducing advanced foreign technology to create an international competitive edge.Thepresent foreign trade growth mode,which is charaterized of quantitative expansion,labor-intensive and low prices,low e ciency,unsustained,is facing lots ofdifficulties.The problems such as the worsening terms of trade,the huge trade surplus,too much dependence on foreign trade,the rising prices of production factors,difficulties in the introduction of high technology,excessive consumption of resources,environmental pressures exacerbated the situations.Therefore,China mustadopt effective measures into a sustained and high efficiency foreign trade growth mode,which is supposed to be described as optimization of export commoditystructure,market diversification,mainly relying on independent innovation and independent brands,promoting trade with science and technology,rationaliztion ofindustrial structure,focusing on high added value.
文摘Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,China has continuously increased its import and export volumes along with improving its trade structure,becoming a major trading nation and making progress toward a trading power.In the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),China has experienced acceleration in its foreign trade structural adjustment under its opening-up strategy,and the function of foreign trade has shifted from being a driver for growth to being a way to balance development.China is expected to continue its trade growth momentum and structural improvement and strengthen its trade competitiveness.In achieving this vision,China should make efforts to increase structural equilibrium,create a favorable external trade environment,and pave the way for trade growth and sustainable development.
文摘Based on the statistical data of Shanghai, the paper makes empirical research on the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth. The research results indicate that there is long-term dynamic and equilibrium relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, and the economic growth is the Granger cause of trade import. Since 1979, rapid growth of economy motivates the expansion of trade import, but the pulling effect of import on economic growth is not evident. In addition, trade import promotes economic growth in the long run. But we can see that from the economic data in Shanghai that the promotion has not become the source motivate force of growth for trade expert.
文摘At a working conference, Vice Mayor Lu Yucheng presented a plan for Beijing’s 1997 work in foreign trade and economic cooperation. The general task is to carry out the strategy of great economy and trade, expand exports, use foreign funds reasonably and effectively, and conduct international economic and technical cooperation. The major target is to complete export volume of US$2.3 billion. Last year’s import and
文摘The extant literature has produced mixed evidence on the relationship between finan-cial development and ecological sustainability.This work addresses this conundrum by investigating financial development’s direct and indirect consequences on ecologi-cal quality utilizing the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)methodological approach.Our empirical analysis is based on the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations approach for South Africa between 1960 and 2020.The results,which used five distinct financial development measures,demonstrate that financial develop-ment boosts ecological integrity and environmental sustainability over the long and short terms.In the instance of South Africa,we additionally confirm the validity of the EKC theory.More importantly,the outcomes of the indirect channels demonstrate that financial development increases energy usage’s role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth,trade openness,and foreign direct investment on ecological quality.Moreover,the presence of an inadequate financial system is a requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis(PHH),which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct investment variables.PHH for both of these variables disappears when financial development crosses specified thresholds.Finally,industrial value addition destroys ecological quality while tech-nological innovation enhances it.This research provides some crucial policy recom-mendations and fresh perspectives for South Africa as it develops national initiatives to support ecological sustainability and reach its net zero emissions goal.
文摘In 1996,China began to set targets for quadrupling its per capitaaverage GNP for a better livelihood and socialist market economicsystem——a kind of mature opening economy in the Ninth Five-YearPlan period(1996-2000),aiming at comformity with the worldeconomy.For these purposes,it is essential to expand China’sopening to the outside for its foreign trade to boom and thus make fulluse of foreign and domestic markets for accelerating our economicdevelopment and upgrading development efficiency.In other words,China’s foreign trade development in the Ninth Five-Year Planperiod will greatly affect and control our economic growth andeconomic system reform.
文摘In coping with the global financial crisis, all levels of the Chinese government and foreign trade firms have not only created new practices but have also changed their goal from transforming the growth pattern of foreign trade to transforming the development pattern of joreign trade. China＇s experience shows that economic instruments such as Net Barter Terms of Trade （NBTT） and the smile curve theory have limitations when it comes to interpreting foreign trade. If used improperly, scientific theories often lead to.fallacies. Transjbrming the development pattern of China＇s .foreign trade requires the following changes： national income distribution, foreign trade competition, market exploration, and resource utilization. We advise that competent authorities create a reasonable and operational system of assessment indicators.
文摘In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the
文摘China’sforeign trade experienced threeconsecutive years of super-speed growth in 2002- 2004, even though the country was stricken by the SARS epidemic in 2003 and power shortages in 2004. What hasgone beyond expectations is that the exports trade still grew with momentum after the central governmentlowered theexportrebate ratesbyan average of3 percentagepoints, starting from January2004. Such growth momentum isapparently associated with external demand and the performance ofthedomestic macroeconomy, and even more associated with a seriesof support policies. Thispaper tries to raise issuesissues associated with these policies on the basis of an analysis of foreign trade performance in 2002-2004, in order to enhance understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of these policies, and to recommend a new line ofthoughtfor improving policy arrangements for the growth of import and export trade and for the harmonious development of the macroeconomy.
文摘This article provides a new framework to evaluate the status of Renminbi internationalization.It proposes that the trading patterns of a currency in the global foreign exchange market embody the currency’s position in the international monetary system.Based on foreign exchange trading data provided by CLS Group,the article constructs a ranking of major international currencies including the Renminbi.It finds that the Renminbi shares more similarities in foreign exchange trading patterns with the established global currencies like the US dollar and the Euro than with those regional currencies.The article also explores the policy implications that the new evaluation approach provides.
文摘A new round of FDI flow and new wave of international industry transfer has offered new opportunities for China to participate in international economic competition and cooperation. Utilization of foreign investment has crucial implications for enhancing China's position in the international division of labor,cultivating new competitive advantages and strengthening overall competitiveness. China should grasp the opportunity and improve the investment environment in terms of legislation,system,policy,administration and service and ensure that foreign investment plays an important role in China's economic development and promotion of independent innovation and industry upgrade.
