<i>In Vitro</i>Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration from Leaf Explants of <i>Glinus lotoides</i>(L.)—An Important Medicinal Plant

G. lotoides L. is a threatened plant that is frequently harvested for medicinal purpose. However, its distribution in the world is limited because of short period of seed viability and poor seed germination. The objective of this study was to develop in vitro propagation protocol for G. lotoides through callus induction. For callus induction, different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) were used. Seeds were sown on growth regulator-free MS medium and shoots from the in vitro germinated seedlings were excised and cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP. Young leaves from these shoots were used as explant for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Maximum callus induction (100%) was observed on medium containing 2,4-D (0.5, 2.0, 3.5 mg/l) or NAA (2.0, 2.5 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l BAP. However, 2,4-D was the best in overall callus induction. The highest regeneration (20%) frequency was achieved on the medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP. Highest number of shoot (2.83 ± 1.22) and shoot length (2.16 ± 0.87 cm) per explant were obtained in the presence of 0.25 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l KIN (Kinetin). In shoot multiplication media, maximum mean (6.43 ± 0.87) of shoot was observed on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP. The best shoot length (1.70 ± 0.14 cm) was recorded on control medium. The highest (95%), maximum root number (14.10 ± 1.47) and root length (1.01 ± 0.10 cm) were obtained on a medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All the plants (100%) were survived after acclimatization in greenhouse. The present study can be useful for callus induction and indirect shoot regeneration form G. lotoides.

Depulping of Fruits and Soaking the Seeds Enhances the Seed Germination and Initial Growth Performance of <i>Terminalia belerica</i>Roxb. Seedlings

The study describes the effects of depulping the fruits and soaking the seeds of Terminalia belerica Roxb. on seed germination and seedling growth in nursery condition. Around half of the freshly collected fruits of T. belerica were depulped by rotting the fleshy pulp in water. Depulped seeds or intact fruits were dried in sun following storage in airtight container. Effects pre-sowing treatments were explored by soaking the dry intact fruits or depulped seeds in cold water for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h and sowed in polybags filled with soil mixed with decomposed cow dung. The study revealed that depulping of fruits and soaking the seeds significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling growth performance in nursery condition. The fastest seed germination was observed in depulped seeds soaked in cold water for 72 h (DT3) and slowest germination was in intact fruits without treatment (IT0). The highest germination percentage (93) was observed in depulped seeds soaked in cold water for 48 h (DT2) followed by 85.6% in depulped seeds soaked in water for 24 h (DT1), which was significantly higher than the other treatments including the control (36.7). Although growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, total height, leaf number, leaf area and collar diameter of the seedlings were maximum in the seedlings developed through DT3, the vigor index was maximum in DT2 and minimum in IT0. Total dry mass per seedling was also maximum in the seedlings developed from the treatment DT3. Considered the imbibition period, germination percentage, growth performance including vigor index and total biomass produced per seedling, depulping the fruits and soaking the dry seeds in cold water for 48 h was recommended for obtaining maximum seed germination and seedling growth performance.

<i>In Vitro</i>Micropropagation of a Valuable Medicinal Plant, <i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i>

The effect of the plant growth regulators benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KIN) on in vitro shoot induction and proliferation of Plectranthus amboinicus was examined. Explants obtained from lateral shoots and apical shoots of P. amboinicus were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, NAA and KIN. When the effect of each growth regulator was considered singly, the highest rate of shoot induction (80% of explants producing shoots) and highest number of shoots produced (2.4 shoots per explant) were obtained from lateral shoot explants cultured on MS media supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP within 6 - 7 weeks. Better results were obtained using MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP + 5 mg/L NAA. Shoot proliferation rose to 85%, while 5.7 shoots per explants were recorded. Among the different media tested for rooting, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA was the most effective for root induction. The quality of the roots obtained was better than that obtained using MS media supplemented with NAA or IAA.

Radiation effects and radioprotection by Thai medicinal plants in mouse macrophage cell line

Objective:To investigate the effects of radiation on growth-arrested(GA) and micronucleus-production(MP) rates,and the radioprotective properties of Thai medicinal plants in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 in vitro.Methods:Mouse macrophage cell line(RAW264.7) was cultured in vitro.Various radiation exposures, growth-arrested rate assay,micronucleus production assay,and radioprotection by Thai medicinal plants were performed.Results:The results showed that GA and MP rates forγ-rays and UV were dose-dependent. The 50%-affected dose ofγand UV radiation for the GA rate was 10 Gy and 159 microwatt/cm for 0.5 seconds, respectively.After X-ray exposure,there was no apparent effect on RAW264.7 cells,even with a fortyfold human diagnostic dose.Two exposures toγradiation at 20 Gy resulted in a significantly higher MP rate than 20 Gy single exposure or control(P【0.05).The Thai medicinal plants(Kamin-chun capsules,Curcuma longa Linn;Hed lingeu,Ganoderma lucidum;Ya Pakking capsule,Murdannia loriformis) could not prevent cell damage,but epigallocatechin gallate and L-cysteine could provide protection from 2 Gyγ-ray exposure. Conclusion:γradiation caused chromosomal damage during cell division and UV caused cell death, while X-ray radiation was safe.The radioprotective effects of Thai medicinal plants,Kamin-chun,Hed lingeu, and Ya Pakking,could not prevent cell damage in this study.

Effects of Water Stress on Growth and Chlorophyll Contents of Ocimum gratissimum L.(Basil)[Lamiaceae]

Ocimum gratissimum is an essential plant because of its wide food and medicinal usage.Despite its relevance,its mor­pho-physiological compositions are influenced by several abiotic stresses.Hence,this study examined the effects of water stress on the growth and chlorophyll contents of O.gratissimum.Seedlings of O.gratissimum were grown in twenty-four pots,two per pot and were arranged using a complete randomized design with four groups:Very Wet O.gratissimum(VWO),Moderately Water Stress O.gratissimum(MWSO),Strongly Water Stress O.gratissimum(SWSO)and Adequately Watered O.gratissimum(AWO)as control.Fifty centiliters of water was applied in AWO once daily,VWO twice daily,MSWO once in three days and SWSO once a week.Growth parameters:Stem height,number of leaves,leaf area,stem girth and petiole length were determined one week after treatment for six weeks.Chlorophyll contents were determined at two weeks inter­vals after treatment for eight weeks.Descriptive statistics such as mean±standard deviation and one-way Analysis of Var­iance(p<0.05)were done using SAS software.Results obtained showed the highest mean stem height(27.50±0.29 cm),number of leaves(37.00±9.0),leaf area(735.7±4.12 cm^(2)),stem girth(0.40±0.00 cm)and petiole length(7.20±0.40 cm)in VWO.Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll(56.70±0.65 mg^(-1)).It could be concluded that regular watering of O.gratissimum could promote growth and increase chlorophyll contents of the plant.

Effects of Compound Plant Extract on Growth Performance of Sujiang Pigs

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant extract on the growth performance and economic benefits of Sujiang pigs during the fattening period. A total of 50 Sujiang pigs,weighing about 60 kg( there were no significant differences in the weight of the pigs),were selected. They were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: control group,A,B,C and D groups. The pigs in the control group were fed basal diet. For the pigs in the A,B,C and D groups,per kg of basal diet was added with 100,200,300 and 400 mg of compound plant extract,respectively. The experimental duration was 44 d. The results showed that in the treatment groups,the average daily weight gains were 15. 57%,20. 68%,17. 95% and 7. 31%,respectively higher than that of the control group,the feed-gain ratios were13. 29%,16. 92%,15. 11% and 11. 48%,respectively lower than that of the control group( P > 0. 05),and the economic benefits were62. 65,83. 23,72. 50 and 42. 11 yuan,respectively higher than that of the control group. In conclusion,the addition of compound plant extract in the basal diet of Sujiang pigs during fattening period can improve the economic benefit,and the economic benefit is best when the addition amount is 200 mg/kg.

Effects of rare earth elements on growth and metabolism of medicinal plants

The rare earth elements(REEs)are a set of 17 chemical elements.They include the lanthanide series from lanthanum(La)to lutetium(Lu),scandium(Sc),and yttrium(Y)in the periodic table.Although REEs are used widely in industry and agriculture in China for a long time,there has been increasing interest in application of REEs to medicinal plants in recent years.In this paper,we summarize researches in the past few decades regarding the effects of REEs on the germination of seeds,the growth of roots,total biomass,and the production of its secondary metabolites,as well as their effects on the absorption of minerals and metals by medicinal plants.By compilation and analysis of these data,we found that REEs have promoting effects at low concentrations and negative effects at comparatively high concentrations.However,most studies focused only on a few REEs,i.e.,La,cerium(Ce),neodymium(Nd)and europium(Eu),and they made main emphasis on their effects on regulation of secondary meta bolism in tissue-cultured plants,rather than cultivated medicinal plants.Advanced research should be invested regarding on the effects of REEs on yields of cultivated plants,specifically medicinal plants.

Effect of Shoot Control on Flower Bud Differentiation,Flowering,and Fruit Setting in Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.

A Study on Planting Adaptability of Various Soybean Varieties in Hengyang

By comparing and analyzing the growth period,agronomic traits and yield results of the four exotic soybean varieties planted in Hengyang from 2017 to 2018,it is concluded that the growth period of the four varieties in Hengyang is 92.5~95.5 d which belong to mid-mature varieties and is not much different from the original places’growth period.The yield and agronomic traits of Gandou 10 is the highest among the four varieties.The average yield of Gandou 10 is 2833.5 kg/hm2 with an increase of 10.7%compared to the local main variety Xiangchundou 24,and an increase of 9.6%compared to the original place Nanchang,Jiangxi Province.The number of effective pods per plant,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100-grain weight of Gandou 10 are higher than that of Nanchang,Jiangxi Province.

Study on Callus Induction and Tissue Culture Regeneration System of Malus toringoides

[Objectives]To study the culture of callus produced by the leaves of the ethnic medicine‘E Se’,the induction of adventitious buds and the regeneration system of tissue culture seedlings.[Methods]Multi-factor orthogonal experiment was used to design and analyze.[Results]The best medium for callus induction was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D.By comparing the effects of cytokinin 6-BA,KT and TDZ on induction of adventitious bud differentiation,it was found that the optimum medium for adventitious bud regeneration was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L KT+0.15 mg/L IBA.Finally,adding 0.2 mg/L IBA(0.1 or 0.2 mg/L)to MS medium could effectively make regenerated seedlings produce roots,and the efficiency was more than 70%.[Conclusions]It laid a foundation for the large-scale cultivation of the seedlings of the ethnic medicine‘E Se’and the promotion of their artificial cultivation.

不同外源物质及喷施时期对滩涂水稻穗部性状、产量及品质的影响

以南粳5055为供试品种,于2021年在江苏滩涂地区(土壤盐分1.11~1.26 g/kg)开展田间试验,研究不同外源物质及喷施时期(2次:分蘖期、孕穗期和3次:分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期)对滩涂水稻穗部性状及产量、品质的影响。试验设置7个处理,即喷施清水(CK)、禾稼春喷施2次(L1-2)、碧护喷施2次(L2-2)、萘乙酸喷施2次(L3-2)、禾稼春喷施3次(L1-3)、碧护喷施3次(L2-3)和萘乙酸喷施3次(L3-3)。结果表明,喷施外源物质具有提高水稻产量的效果,与CK相比,L2-2、L2-3、L3-2和L3-3分别显著提高产量17.69%、17.80%、11.62%和13.42%,L1-2和L1-3则分别提高产量6.66%和7.09%,但差异不显著;喷施外源物质对稻米品质影响不大。喷施外源物质对水稻有效穗数和结实率均没有明显影响,但显著增加实粒数;L1-2、L2-2、L1-3和L3-3处理显著增加每穗粒数,L2-2和L2-3处理显著增加千粒重。喷施外源物质对水稻一次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数和结实率没有显著影响,而对二次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数及结实率均有不同程度的增加效果,且二次枝梗对每穗粒数的贡献率普遍提高。对同一种外源物质而言,喷施2次和喷施3次对水稻产量、穗部性状的影响没有显著差异。碧护喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是由每穗粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重提高引起的,萘乙酸喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是每穗粒数、每穗实粒数提高引起的,而每穗粒数的提高主要与二次枝梗数及二次枝梗的总粒数和实粒数增加有关。因此,今后在滩涂地区种植水稻,可通过在分蘖期和孕穗期喷施外源叶面肥或植物生长调节剂来改善穗粒结构特别是二次枝梗性状,达到增产增收的目的。

水稻籼粳中间型杂交组合若干性状的遗传效应分析

【目的】水稻籼粳亚种间杂交具有强大的杂种优势已成为当前水稻育种关注的焦点,本研究旨在为籼粳交水稻育种实践以及水稻关键性状的遗传研究提供理论依据。【方法】按照NC-II不完全双列杂交方式,选择14个亲本材料并配组48个杂交组合,采用植物数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型(A-D模型)分析生育期、株高与粒形相关性状等共计5个农艺性状的遗传效应、杂种优势及性状之间的相关性。【结果】籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期、株高、粒长、粒宽及长宽比等的加性方差分量占遗传主效应比率(V_(A)/V_(P))比值分别为69.2%、 74.2%、 58.9%、66.0%和63.5%。广义遗传率(H^(2)B)和狭义遗传率(H^(2)N)的变幅分别为59.0%~99.6%和69.2%~98.9%,均达显著或极显著水平,主要受加性效应控制,且受环境影响小,在育种上早期选择有效。大多数的籼粳亚种间杂种一代的生育期、株高和粒形性状均呈负向中亲优势和负向超亲优势,杂交后代的生育期缩短、株高降低,长宽比介于双亲之间。籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期是一个独立遗传的品种特性,株高与粒形具呈显著正相关。【结论】在籼粳交育种上应关注生育期、株高,粒形等性状间的协调,有效利用杂种优势,培育强优势亚种间杂交稻新组合。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂的含量

提出了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定中药材专用膨大剂类农肥中21种植物生长调节剂含量的方法。取农肥样品0.1 mL,经10 mL 50%(体积分数)乙腈溶液提取,150 mg MgSO_(4)和50 mg C_(18)吸附剂净化;在上清液中加入内标,涡旋、过滤后,取续滤液注入高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪。采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C_(18)色谱柱,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相体系进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明:21种植物生长调节剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积比值呈线性关系,检出限为0.01~4.00μg·kg^(-1),日内、日间测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%;按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为71.6%~105%。

婺源主要气象灾害对茶树生育进程的影响研究

为明确婺源茶树主要农业气象灾害的变化特征,掌握气象灾害对茶树生长发育的影响规律,提高茶园防灾减灾能力,利用Pearson相关性分析等对茶树生育进程与气象灾害的关系进行分析,并提出灾害应对措施。结果显示,2010—2022年婺源茶叶早春霜冻累计出现日数呈减少的趋势,夏季热害和冬季冻害具有偶发性。在3种主要气象灾害中,早春霜冻对茶树生育期的影响最大,早春霜冻日数越多,茶树生育进程越推迟;夏季热害对茶树生育进程有一定影响;冬季冻害对茶树生育进程影响不显著。根据灾害发生规律,提出了相关应对措施。

复合植物菌剂对断奶仔猪生长指标、血液免疫指标及粪便微生物的影响

以益生菌复配药食同源植物制备的复合植物菌剂为无抗饲料添加剂,研究基础饲粮中添加复合植物菌剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液免疫指标及粪便微生物的影响,旨在评估复合植物菌剂作为饲料添加剂的效果。选取24日龄的断奶仔猪54头,随机分为3组:分别饲喂基础饲粮(空白组)、基础饲粮+50 g/t金霉素(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.2%复合植物菌剂(试验组),其中每组设3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,预试期3 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪的末质量、平均日增量和头均耗料量显著升高(P<0.05),发病率和腹泻率降低约50%(P<0.05);血液生化指标中,总蛋白、白蛋白、谷草转氨酶和葡萄糖含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05);IgG、IgM和IgA含量显著增加(P<0.05);粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在基础饲粮中添加0.2%复合植物菌剂可以显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高血液免疫指标,促进肠道有益菌的增殖。

野生和人工栽培罗布麻叶饲用和药用价值评价

试验旨在探究野生和人工栽培罗布麻叶在不同生长时期营养和药用成分的差异以及变化规律。采用灰色关联分析综合评价野生和人工栽培罗布麻叶的药用和饲用价值。结果显示,在生长期,人工栽培罗布红麻的粗灰分含量最低为1.08%,粗蛋白和金丝桃苷含量最高,分别为19.57%和2.14 mg/g;人工栽培罗布白麻的可消化干物质最高为72.44%,异槲皮苷和紫云英苷含量最高,分别为2.32 mg/g和0.23 mg/g,酸性洗涤纤维含量最低为21.12%;野生罗布白麻的绿原酸和芦丁含量最大分别为7.19 mg/g和3.73 mg/g。在初花期,野生罗布白麻的粗脂肪含量最低,为3.05%,紫云英苷含量最高,为0.23 mg/g;人工栽培罗布白麻的可消化干物质和相对饲喂价值最低,分别为69.25%和217.82。在结荚期,野生罗布白麻的白麻苷含量最高,为6.16 mg/g;人工栽培罗布白麻的粗脂肪含量、干物质采食量和相对饲喂价值最高,分别为4.21%、5.15%和276.31,中性洗涤纤维含量最低,为23.31%。研究表明,生长期的人工栽培罗布红麻营养和药用价值均较好,可作为中草药饲料,具有良好的开发利用潜力。

植物根际促生菌对药用植物生长影响的研究进展

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)是一类定殖于植物根际的有益细菌,其能通过多重促生效应改善药用植物的生长发育,以降低生产中化肥和农药长期施用引发的负面影响。该文从PGPR对药用植物的生长发育和抗逆能力影响方面进行了综述,旨在为药用植物的可持续性和高质量生产提供理论指导。

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区玉米新品种引种比较综合评价

通过研究不同玉米品种在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的稳产性及丰产性,以期为该区玉米新品种的筛选及推广提供科学依据。以引进10个玉米品种为试材,对参试各玉米品种的农艺性状、产量及产量特征等指标进行综合分析评价。结果表明,强盛399、伊丹131、金穗1915折合产量高,分别为11850.1、11605.0、11411.9 kg/hm2,较对照品种金穗702分别增产14.54%、12.17%、10.30%;并单39、丰田101、敦玉9号折合产量较低,分别较对照品种金穗702减产3.76%、10.86%、30.76%。利用综合评价法对参试玉米品种进行综合评价并结合产量结果表明,强盛399、金穗306、伊丹131、金穗702表现出良好的丰产性与稳产性,同时表现出静态稳定性高、品质优异、生态适应性强的特点,是适用于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区种植的玉米新品种,建议予以推广。金穗1915、FT806、强盛388综合评价居中,建议继续引种观察。敦玉9号、丰田101、并单39号综合评价较差,建议淘汰。

玉米、大豆带状复合种植模式下不同大豆品种适应性分析

为筛选适宜玉米、大豆带状复合种植模式推广使用的大豆品种,本试验采用“4+4种植模式”(4行玉米+4行大豆),设5个处理3次重复,分别为T_(1)(宁豆6号)、T_(2)(中黄318)、T_(3)(承豆6号)、T_(4)(铁丰31)和T_(5)(辽豆15号),玉米品种均为先玉1225,对比分析各处理大豆的生育期、农艺性状、产量及经济效益等。结果表明,各处理大豆生育期在143~145 d,株高、底荚高等农艺性状以T4处理表现最好;单株豆粒数以T_(4)和T_(2)处理较多,分别为49.36、48.55粒,产量以T_(4)处理最高(1384.65 kg/hm^(2)),T_(2)处理次之(1296.60 kg/hm^(2));经济效益与产量变化趋势一致,以T4处理最高。综合各品种表现,筛选出大豆品种铁丰31适合在研究区作为玉米、大豆带状复合种植模式中的优质大豆品种推广种植。

灌溉和种植方式对稻田水氮利用及损失的影响

【目的】旨在探究灌溉和种植方式对稻田氮素损失与水分利用的影响特征。【方法】选取手工栽插(HT)、抛秧(ST)、机插(MT)、直播(DS)4种种植方式和淹水灌溉(FI)、间歇灌溉(II)2种灌溉模式,开展晚稻大田小区试验,分析评价不同灌溉和种植方式下稻田水量平衡、水分利用效率以及氮素径流淋溶损失特征。【结果】不同灌溉模式的水分利用效率均以间歇灌溉更高,不同种植方式的水分利用效率总体表现由高到低依次为HT(ST)、MT和DS。间歇灌溉模式下各种植方式处理的灌水量、耗水量、渗漏量、蒸发蒸腾量较淹水灌溉模式分别降低9.87%~22.11%、9.65%~21.49%、1.46%~3.64%、11.18%~27.15%。种植方式和灌溉模式对氮素径流和淋溶流失量影响较大,其流失量分别占施肥量的0.02%~0.17%和2.33%~3.53%。在相同灌溉模式下,不同种植方式处理的氮素地表径流损失量和淋溶损失量均由大到小依次为DS、MT、ST和HT。受灌溉模式和种植方式的影响,不同处理淋溶量和氮素淋溶损失量在各生育期内存在差异,其中以苗期和分蘖前期损失量较高,占全生育期的比例分别为43.35%~53.79%、6.67%~22.38%。综合灌溉模式和种植方式,不同处理的产量和水分利用效率均以HT-II最高、DS-FI最低,氮素淋溶损失则以HT-II最低、DS-FI最高。【结论】间歇灌溉有利于提高水稻产量和水分利用效率,直播稻的水分消耗和氮素损失高于移栽稻,手工栽插配合间歇灌溉有利于提高水稻水分利用效率和降低稻田氮素流失。在双季晚稻生产实践中,可通过加强苗期和分蘖前期的水分管理来减少稻田淋溶和氮素的淋溶损失,从而提高稻田的环境效应。