Study on the Influence of New Media on College Students’ Physical Exercise Behavior

New media is becoming an important method to promote physical exercise,and it is also an essential factor affecting the physical exercise behavior of college students.This study takes the influence of new media sports information on college students’physical exercise behavior as the research objective.By using a questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics,545 college students in Shandong Province of China are selected as research samples.Based on the theory of new media exposure,fitness behavior theory,and self-efficacy theory,this study systematically discusses the influence and mechanism of new media exposure on the physical exercise behavior of college students in Shandong Province,so as to help college students improve their physical exercise behavior.

Impact of Exercise Atmosphere on Adolescents’Exercise Behavior:Chain Mediating Effect of Exercise Identity and Exercise Habit

Appropriate physical exercise has a positive impact on adolescents’physical and mental health,but there is a serious lack of physical exercise among Chinese adolescents.How to shape their exercise behavior(EB)has become an important task in promoting their development.A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling on three middle schools by class in Zhejiang Province,China to investigate the impact of exercise atmosphere(EA)on adolescents’exercise behavior and the mediating role of exercise identity(EI)and exercise habit(EH).806 adolescents were investigated by the Exercise Atmosphere Scale(EAS),Exercise-Identity Scale(EIS),Self-Report Habit Index(SRHI),and Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3).The results show that:There is a significant positive correlation between each two of exercise atmosphere,exercise identity,exercise habit,and exercise behavior(p<0.05).Exercise atmosphere could not only directly affect adolescents’physical exercise behavior but can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior through the mediating effect of exercise identity and exercise habit,involving three mediating pathways,namely,the mediating path through exercise identity,the mediating pathway through exercise habit and the chain mediating pathway through exercise identity and exercise habit.The direct effect of exercise atmosphere on exercise behavior was 0.459(p<0.01),accounting for 62.62% of the total effect of 0.733,and its indirect effect was 0.274,accounting for 37.28% of the total effect.To a certain extent,the mediating effect model reveals the mechanism of exercise atmosphere affecting exercise behavior and has a certain reference value for promoting adolescents’exercise behavior.We should start by creating an exercise atmosphere,cultivating exercise identity,and enhancing exercise habits to help teenagers form active physical exercise behaviors.

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of exercise habits and physical fitness level on subjective fatigue symptoms in adolescent students

This study aimed to examine the influence of exercise habits and physical fitness level on subjective fatigue symptoms (SFS) in adolescent students. Four hundred and one healthy young male adults (age: 16.5 +/- 1.2 yr) participated in the physical fitness test of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan and responded to the questionnaire on exercise habits and SFS. SFS questionnaire was conducted 6 times with a week interval during the physical fitness test. SFS was compared among groups with different physical fitness levels and exercise habit. Significant differences were found in difficulty with concentrated thinking, languor and low vigor, with the high physical fitness group having lower values of the three fatigue factors than the low physical fitness group regardless of affiliation with sports club and gyms, exercise frequency and time. SFS is largely affected by physical fitness level but very little by exercise habits.

Physical activity among Chinese school-aged children:National prevalence estimates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China The Youth Study

Purpose: This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children(boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were(a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and(b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations.Results: Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA(47.2 min/day) than girls(43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys(32%) than girls(28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.16–1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades(junior middle(a OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98) and junior high(a OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53–0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children(p = 0.07),but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys(a OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06–1.19).Conclusion: Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.

Intention and automaticity toward physical and sedentary screen-based leisure activities in adolescents:A profile perspective

Purpose： Physical activity （PA） and sedentary behavior （SB） are increasingly considered independent health behaviors. Additionally, current research suggests that both controlled and automatic determinants account for their adoption. The purpose of this article was to identify intention-automaticity profiles toward PA and screen-based SB and to examine how those profiles are associated with different behavioral patterns. Method： Two cross-sectional studies based on self-report questionnaires were conducted with French high school students （Study 1： n = 198; Study 2： n = 185）. Results： In all, 4 distinct motivational profiles appeared. The first 3 clusters emerged in both studies： ＂PA＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for PA, low levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB）; ＂screen＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB, low levels of automatieity and intention for PA）, and ＂mixed＂ （high levels of all variables）, whereas the fourth cluster was observed only in Study 2： ＂high control＂ （below-mean levels of automaticity, high levels of intention toward both PA and screen-based SB）. Adolescents with a screen profile displayed the least healthy behavioral pattern, whereas those in the PA profile demonstrated the most favorable behaviors. Conclusion： Future research is needed to extend these results to other populations using complementary assessment methods of automatic psychological processes and PA and SB behaviors.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.（http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与青少年锻炼行为的关系研究

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探讨青少年角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为的因果关系。方法:采用《锻炼认同量表》中的角色认同分量表,《因果控制点知觉量表》的内部动机分量表,《主观锻炼体验量表》的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表,以及《体育活动等级量表》等,对1091名青少年(45.28%男生)进行为期12周、两阶段的纵向问卷调查。结果:对于青少年,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为的性别、学段差异显著(各指标男性皆高于女性,初中生皆高于高中生);角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为皆具有跨时间的稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互为因果的关系,且内部动机能够单向预测12周后的锻炼行为和主观锻炼体验,锻炼行为能够单向预测12周后的主观锻炼体验,主观锻炼体验能够单向预测12周后的角色认同。结论:在青少年体育锻炼情境中,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为具有性别、学段的非一致性特征;角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互促、互抑关系,且内部动机是锻炼行为、主观锻炼体验的原因变量,锻炼行为是主观锻炼体验的原因变量,主观锻炼体验是角色认同的原因变量。

大变迁时代国民体育锻炼行为的“中国实践”——基于年龄、时期、队列的视角

以实证研究考察社会变迁进程中国民体育锻炼行为的多重形态。从年龄、时期和队列三维视角分析发现,队列趋势主导国民体育锻炼行为变迁,城市化水平提升、高等教育普及、社会保障持续完善间接驱动国民体育锻炼行为的集体改变,这一特点在“50后”中表现最为显著。在时期层面,国民体育锻炼参与程度自2010年开始持续提升,2013年开始进入快速发展期,除整体走向与政策实施、重大事件的发生周期基本吻合外,国民收入水平提升是重要外生力量。从个体生命历程判断,随年龄增长体育锻炼参与程度逐渐降低是一个共性规律,但下降过程中呈现2个不同的速率阶段。国民体育锻炼行为变迁呈现代际的趋同和分化,“60后”“70后”“80后”是驱动城乡趋同的主要力量,性别趋同集中表现在“50后”“60后”“75前”群体中,由高等教育福利获得的机遇差异可能是导致新老代际分化趋势扩大的重要因素。

中国式现代化视域下家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型构建研究

目的:构建家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型,分析家庭体育锻炼行为决策的多维影响因素,为中国式现代化进程中家庭体育行为决策提供参考。方法:采用斯特劳斯(Strauss)编码程序,借助“Nvivo12.0Plus”软件对研究资料进行三级编码,搭建家庭体育锻炼行为决策结构框架;通过项目分析、探索性和验证性因素分析,并借助SPSS24.0和AMOS24.0软件对决策结构指标进行优化,构建家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型。结果:提取410个行为决策标签化节点,抽绎30条内容相对集中的概念,归纳7个核心类属,彼此间相互关联和作用形成家庭体育锻炼行为决策结构框架;决策结构指标优化得到30个观测指标,且通过项目分析检验;探索性因素分析依次剔除3个未通过检验的观测指标,变异累积率趋于稳定,达到63.278%;家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型拟合指数为GFI=0.925、AGFI=0.911、CFI=0.919、RMSEA=0.051;项目信度大于0.3,组成信度大于0.7,收敛效度大于0.36;相关性权重法得出家庭体育锻炼行为决策权重。结论:家庭体育锻炼行为决策模型适配度高,模型拟合理想,模型具备较高的信效度;家庭体育锻炼行为决策受个体特质、家庭氛围、居住环境、家庭资本、生活习惯、时间分配和健康程度7个因子的影响,因子间存在两两配对的相关性,表现为一个七维交互影响的联动机制;决策程度由大到小依次是个体特质、家庭氛围、居住环境、家庭资本、生活习惯、时间分配和健康程度,家庭体育锻炼行为决策通过多个因素的共同作用实现。

家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系:亲子沟通和锻炼行为的链式中介作用

本研究主要探讨家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系,揭示亲子沟通与锻炼行为在其中的中介作用。运用横断面调查方法,采用《家庭体育教育问卷》《心理健康诊断测验》《亲子沟通量表》《体育活动等级量表》,对1049名义务教育阶段学生进行调查。结果表明:家庭体育教育、亲子沟通、锻炼行为和心理健康两两显著相关。家庭体育教育对心理健康的直接效应显著,亲子沟通、锻炼行为以及亲子沟通和锻炼行为在家庭体育教育和心理健康之间的中介和链式中介作用显著。结论:家庭体育教育是义务教育阶段学生心理健康的重要影响因素,同时可通过亲子沟通、锻炼行为的作用路径对心理健康产生间接影响。建议:推进立法,为家庭体育教育保驾护航;“校-社”协同,助力家庭体育教育开展;反客为主,主动开展家庭体育教育活动;以研促体,加强家庭体育教育研究的全面性。

锻炼意向对脑卒中患者锻炼行为影响的有调节的中介效应

目的 探讨脑卒中患者锻炼意向对锻炼行为的作用机制,为促进患者的锻炼行为提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,以一般资料调查量表、锻炼意向量表、锻炼计划量表、锻炼自我效能量表、国际体力活动问卷-短卷对299例脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果 脑卒中患者的锻炼意向得分为(14.41±3.48)分,锻炼自我效能(41.68±10.95)分,锻炼计划(30.85±7.51)分,锻炼行为总代谢当量为1 108(596,1 470)MET-min/周。锻炼意向对锻炼行为有正向影响,锻炼计划在锻炼意向与锻炼行为之间起中介作用,中介效应占总效应的31.19%,锻炼自我效能调节了锻炼意向对锻炼计划的作用路径(β=0.124,P<0.05)。结论 脑卒中患者的锻炼行为有待提高,锻炼意向不仅能直接预测锻炼行为,还能通过锻炼计划间接影响锻炼行为,锻炼自我效能在这一过程中起调节作用。可通过积极心理干预,激发脑卒中患者的锻炼意愿,提高锻炼自我效能,帮助患者制定完善的个性化锻炼计划,促进锻炼行为的产生和维持。

基于保护动机理论的久坐行为干预方案在老年冠心病患者中的应用

目的探讨基于保护动机理论的久坐行为干预方案在老年冠心病患者中的应用效果。方法以便利抽样法抽取心内科2个病区的60例老年冠心病患者,将入住1病区的30例患者纳入对照组,入住2病区的30例患者纳入观察组。对照组进行常规健康教育,观察组在常规健康教育基础上实施基于保护动机理论的久坐行为干预方案。分别于出院前1 d、出院后1周、1个月、3个月进行效果评价。结果干预后1个月、3个月两组久坐行为总时间、久坐行为最长持续时间、每日总步数、6 min步行距离、运动自我效能评分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论基于保护动机理论的久坐行为干预方案的实施可有效降低老年冠心病患者的久坐行为水平,增加身体活动,提高运动耐力,提升运动自我效能感。

体育锻炼与低年级大学生攻击行为的关系:自我控制与心理弹性的链式中介作用

目的:探讨体育锻炼与低年级大学生攻击行为的关系,检验自我控制与心理弹性的链式中介作用机制。方法:采用体育锻炼等级量表、自我控制量表、心理弹性量表、攻击行为量表对1078名低年级大学生进行调查,并应用链式中介作用检验和Bootstrap方法效应分析。结果:1体育锻炼与低年级大学生自我控制(r=0.457,P<0.01)和心理弹性(r=0.475,P<0.01)分别呈显著正相关,自我控制与心理弹性呈显著正相关(r=0.620,P<0.01),三者都与攻击行为呈显著负相关(r=-0.448,-0.586,-0.567;P<0.01);2中介效应检验表明,自我控制和心理弹性在体育锻炼与低年级大学生攻击行为之间起显著的中介作用。包括3条路径,分别为自我控制的单独中介作用,效应值为-0.161;心理弹性的单独中介作用,效应值为-0.068;自我控制→心理弹性的链式中介作用,效应值为-0.071。结论:体育锻炼是预防和降低低年级大学生攻击行为的有效手段,其既可以直接影响低年级大学生的攻击行为,也可以通过自我控制和心理弹性的中介变量间接实现。

河北省普通高校非体育专业学生体育锻炼行为的影响因素研究

目的:探究河北省普通高校非体育专业学生的健身自主支持感、手机成瘾、核心自我评价对体育锻炼行为的影响。方法:采用问卷调查法、数理统计法,借助健身自主支持感量表、手机成瘾量表、核心自我评价量表、体育锻炼行为量表工具对439名非体育专业大学生进行调查。结果:健身自主支持感(t=4.392,P<0.05)对非体育专业学生的体育锻炼行为有显著正向影响,手机成瘾倾向(t=-3.568,P<0.05)对非体育专业学生的体育锻炼行为有显著负向影响,核心自我评价(t=1.472,P>0.05)对非体育专业学生的体育锻炼行为没有显著影响。结论:非体育专业学生的健身自主支持感水平越高,他们参与体育锻炼的可能性也越大;非体育专业学生手机成瘾倾向越严重,他们参与体育锻炼的可能性越低。

身体素养视域下校园网球开展的推进机制与发展路径

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,从推进机制和发展路径两个方面对身体素养视角下校园网球开展现状和发展进行解析。校园网球开展应重视青少年网球正、反手及发球等技术的掌握,促进青少年运动技能的发展;创新网球游戏、练习方法等教学的组织,激活青少年运动兴趣的表现;加强网球礼仪、规则等文化的传播,构建青少年运动理论学习的情境;丰富网球训练、竞赛等活动的方式,培养青少年运动习惯的养成。

锻炼身份认同对大学生锻炼行为的影响——锻炼计划的中介作用

目的探讨锻炼身份认同与大学生锻炼行为的关系,以及锻炼计划在其中的中介作用。方法采用锻炼身份认同量表、锻炼计划量表和锻炼行为量表,对扬州市两所高校共1345名大学生进行调查。结果1)锻炼身份认同与锻炼行为呈正相关(r=0.585,p<0.01);锻炼身份认同与锻炼计划呈正相关(r=0.662,p<0.01);锻炼计划显著正向预测大学生锻炼行为(r=0.509,p<0.01)。2)锻炼计划在锻炼身份认同与大学生锻炼行为之间起部分中介作用,间接效应为0.243,占总效应值的25.50%。结论锻炼身份认同、锻炼计划是大学生锻炼行为的激励因素,锻炼身份认同直接正向影响大学生锻炼行为,并通过锻炼计划的中介作用影响大学生的锻炼行为。

运动类APP对大学生体育锻炼行为影响的研究——以聊城大学为例

目的:在国家政策的推动下,运动类APP的使用形成了一种新的运动方式,该文通过调查运动类APP的使用现状及其对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响,为探讨大学生使用运动类APP和体育锻炼行为的关系提供实践参考。方法:该研究采用问卷调查法对运动类APP的使用现状进行调查,运用文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对运动类APP对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响进行分析。结果:97%的学生使用运动类APP;使用后单次运动时长集中在30~60 min,运动频率每周多在3~4次,中等强度锻炼人数居多;57.04%的学生认为界面设计不好。结论:运动类APP的使用率较高,性别特征不明显,年级和专业上有一定的差别;有利于提高大学生参与体育锻炼的兴趣、养成参与体育锻炼的习惯;其设计可在一定程度上影响大学生的使用。

体育锻炼对青少年亲社会冒险行为的影响:双调节的中介模型

为探讨体育锻炼对青少年亲社会冒险行为的影响及其作用机制。采用方便抽样的形式,选用体育锻炼等级量表、自尊量表、感觉寻求量表、儿童青少年同伴关系量表以及亲社会冒险行为量表对871名高中生进行问卷调查,并构建双调节的中介模型。研究发现:(1)青少年体育锻炼对亲社会冒险行为、自尊、感觉寻求均有正向预测作用;(2)体育锻炼既能直接预测青少年亲社会冒险行为,又能通过自尊的中介作用间接预测亲社会冒险行为;(3)感觉寻求在模型中的后半路径起调节作用。研究结果为青少年参与更多亲社会冒险行为提供了理论依据,有利于个体降低消极的冒险行为,为建设和谐社会的目标作出贡献。

运动益处与障碍认知对中小学生身体活动影响的研究

目的:探讨中小学生运动益处与障碍认知对于身体活动的影响及内在关联,为提升中小学生身体活动和减少久坐行为提供参考。方法:随机抽取小学4~6年级618人和初中1~3年级学生1047人,调查其身体活动水平、久坐行为时长和运动障碍及障碍认知水平;使用卡方检验比较不同性别、不同学段学生的身体活动水平的差异,使用独立样本t检验比较中小学生的运动益处认知差异,最后进行多元线性回归分析揭示其关联性。结果:被调查学生的总体身体活动水平偏低,66.5%的女生处在低强度身体活动水平远高于男生的46.9%(X~2=71.29,P<0.001);初中生低强度身体活动人数占比68.6%远高于小学生的36.1%,56.0%的小学生处在中等强度身体活动水平远高于初中生的29.0%(X~2=171.75,P<0.001)。中小学男生的运动益处与障碍认知得分高于女生,中学生运动益处与障碍认知得分高于小学生,并具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。运动益处与障碍认知中预防保健、生命促进维度与中小学男生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001),社会交往与女生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001);生命促进、社会交往分别与中小学生中高强度身体活动水平显著相关(P<0.001)。结论:被调查的学生总体身体活动水平不足现象严重;运动益处与障碍认知水平男生高于女生;初中生运动益处认知水平高于小学生,但受到课业影响积极的认知水平并未直接促进身体活动水平提升;社会交往和时间开销是中小学生久坐行为的主要影响因素,预防保健、生命促进对男生的久坐行为影响较大,社会交往则更影响女生的久坐行为。

大学生心理韧性对体育锻炼行为的影响机制:基于习惯控制及抵制诱惑的视角

基于习惯控制及抵制诱惑的视角,构建心理韧性对体育锻炼行为的链式中介模型,解释大学生体育锻炼行为促进的机制,从而有效落实“健康中国2030”大学生的体质健康指标。采用问卷调查法和数理统计法,在广州4所高校先发放338份预测问卷进行试测,随后发放并回收659份正式问卷。使用SPSS 26.0、PROCESS 2.6.1和AMOS 24.0对新编制的问卷进行信效度检验、相关分析和中介效应分析,深入剖析大学生心理韧性对体育锻炼行为影响。结果表明:在心理韧性正向影响体育锻炼行为中,习惯控制和抵制诱惑存在链式中介效应,并分别正向影响体育锻炼行为及分别起中介作用。通过习惯控制的习惯形成、习惯评估和习惯调整,提高自我评估、自我吸引和自我效能,进而增强其抵制诱惑、维持自律锻炼行为的能力,最终达到提升大学生体育锻炼行为的目的。