Regional plantar foot pressure distributions on high-heeled shoes-shank curve effects

Forefoot pain is common in high-heeled shoe wearers due to the high pressure caused by the center of body mass moving forward and the increased arch height with heel elevation.Sufficient arch support could reduce the high pressure over forefoot.However,too much arch support could lead to abnormal foot alignment and pain over midfoot.Little information is reported on the relationship among plantar arch height,shank curve design and plantar pressure.This study aimed at quantifying the plantar arch height changes at different heel heights and investigating the effect of shank curve on plantar pressure distribution.The plantar arch height increased to（7.6±1.3） mm at heel height of 75 mm.The Chinese standard suggests the depth of last should be 8.5 mm for heel height of 75 mm.When a shank curve with higher depth of last（11 mm） was used,the peak pressure over forefoot further decreased in midstance phase,which might ease the forefoot problems,while the peak pressure over midfoot increased but not exceeded the discomfort pressure thresholds.To achieve a more ideal pressure distribution in high-heeled shoes,a higher than expected depth of last would be suggested that would not cause discomfort over midfoot.

Smart Shoes Safety System for the Blind People Based on (IoT) Technology

People’s lives have become easier and simpler as technology has proliferated.This is especially true with the Internet of Things(IoT).The biggest problem for blind people is figuring out how to get where they want to go.People with good eyesight need to help these people.Smart shoes are a technique that helps blind people find their way when they walk.So,a special shoe has been made to help blind people walk safely without worrying about running into other people or solid objects.In this research,we are making a new safety system and a smart shoe for blind people.The system is based on Internet of Things(IoT)technology and uses three ultrasonic sensors to allow users to hear and react to barriers.It has ultrasonic sensors and a microprocessor that can tell how far away something is and if there are any obstacles.Water and flame sensors were used,and a sound was used to let the person know if an obstacle was near him.The sensors use Global Positioning System(GPS)technology to detect motion from almost every side to keep an eye on them and ensure they are safe.To test our proposal,we gave a questionnaire to 100 people.The questionnaire has eleven questions,and 99.1%of the people who filled it out said that the product meets their needs.

预制装配式剪力墙结构“螺栓-Wall Shoes”连接技术探究

分析研究了预制装配式剪力墙结构水平缝及节点的连接方式,介绍了现有湿连接和干连接的优缺点;在分析螺栓连接与Wall Shoes连接特点的基础上,设计了将两者相结合的新型连接形式——“螺栓-Wall Shoes”连接。根据规范要求,确定了新型“螺栓-Wall Shoes”连接的钢板、钢筋、螺栓及焊条强度参数,计算角焊缝长度、预埋钢筋长度、钢板尺寸、承载力设计值以及每米预制装配式剪力墙需布置的新型连接器个数,为工厂生产及工程施工提供参考。

Effect of minimal shoes and slope on vertical and leg stiffness during running

Purpose： This study was designed to characterize and compare the vertical（kvert） and leg（kleg） stiffness measured during running in two different footwear conditions on negative, level, and positive slopes, using kinematic data only.Methods： Fourteen male recreational runners（age 23.4 4.4 years, height 177.5 5.2 cm, and body mass 69.5 5.3 kg） were tested on 2separate days within 1 week. At each session, subjects ran seven 5-min trials on a treadmill at 10 km/h, interspersed with 5 min of sitting passive recovery. Each trial was performed on a different slope gradient, ranging from 8%（downhill） to t8%（uphill）, assigned in a random order.Furthermore, each subject ran one 5-min trial wearing minimal shoes（MS） and the subsequent trial wearing traditional shoes（TS） in a counterbalanced randomized order ensuring that each slope was ran once in MS and once in TS. Kinematic data were collected using a photocell measuring system and high-speed video camera, with kvertand klegstiffness being calculated from these data.Results： Leg compression, contact times, and vertical displacement of the center of mass during running were significantly smaller in MS compared to TS across all slopes. In the two footwear conditions, step frequency significantly increased with a（positive） increase in slope.Kinematic analyses indicated that klegwas greater when running in MS than TS and this between-footwear difference remained similar across slopes. On the contrary, kvertdid not change on the basis of footwear, but increased with positive increases in slope.Conclusion： This study showed that kvertand klegduring running respond differently to change in footwear and/or slope. These two stiffness measures can hence provide a unique insight on the biomechanical adaptations of running under varying conditions and their respective quantification may assist in furthering our understanding of training, performance, and/or injury in this sport.

Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries

It is believed that human ancestors evolved the ability to run bipedally approximately 2 million years ago. This form of locomotion may have been important to our survival and likely has influenced the evolution of our body form. As our bodies have adapted to run, it seems unusual that up to 79% of modern day runners are injured annually. The etiology of these injuries is clearly multifactorial. However, 1 aspect of running that has significantly changed over the past 50 years is the footwear we use. Modern running shoes have become increasingly cushioned and supportive, and have changed the way we run. In particular, they have altered our footstrike pattern from a predominantly forefoot strike(FFS) landing to a predominantly rearfoot strike(RFS) landing. This change alters the way in which the body is loaded and may be contributing to the high rate of injuries runners experience while engaged in an activity for which they were adapted. In this paper, we will examine the benefits of barefoot running(typically an FFS pattern),and compare the lower extremity mechanics between FFS and RFS. The implications of these mechanical differences, in terms of injury, will be discussed. We will then provide evidence to support our contention that FFS provides an optimal mechanical environment for specific foot and ankle structures, such as the heel pad, the plantar fascia, and the Achilles tendon. The importance of footwear will then be addressed, highlighting its interaction with strike pattern on mechanics. This analysis will underscore why footwear matters when assessing mechanics. Finally, proper preparation and safe transition to an FFS pattern in minimal shoes will be emphasized. Through the discussion of the current literature, we will develop a justification for returning to running in the way for which we were adapted to reduce running-related injuries.

Introduction:The past,present,and future of research on running barefoot and in minimal shoes

Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little interest.Our ancestors ran barefoot because they had no shoes.When footwear was first invented during the last 40,000 years (no doubt at different times and in different places),shoes were by necessity minimal-essentially sandals and moccasins-designed to protect the sole of the foot but lacking any of the sophisticated features and materials present in modem running shoes such as elevated cushioned heels,arch supports,and toe springs.Most of these features were invented in the 1970s,and they quickly became more popular and sophisticated as running underwent a worldwide boom.Today,the vast majority of runners think it is normal to wear cushioned running shoes,and would never dream of running without them.

Barefoot and High-Heeled Gait: Changes in Muscles Activation Patterns

Most women like wearing high-heeled shoes for the benefit of sensuous attractiveness and self-esteem while musculoskeletal problems and gait patterns changes are often associated. The present study aimed to identify changes during the gait stance and swing phases in some lower limb muscles. In addition, abdominal muscle was included due to its importance in dynamic trunk stability, and lack of studies on the subject. Here, we found that the use of high-heeled shoes elicited not only the increasing of the electrical activity from the muscles involved in the gait cycle, but also altered the temporal sequence of their recruitment. As practical applications, these changes may be strategies to maintain stability and minimize risks of falling, but they are often associated to diseases. Women that use high-heeled shoes for prolonged time must apply specific muscle exercises to minimize its long-term effects.

“两双鞋”是译成“two pair of shoes”还是“two pairs of shoes”

[问][418]“两双鞋”是译成“two pair ofshoes”还是“two pairs of shoes”?[答]这两种译法都对。在英语里表示数量、重量、长度以及种类的名词,前面如与some,a few,these或two以上的数词连用,是否加-s可分以下几种情况:

Strike type variation among Tarahumara Indians in minimal sandals versus conventional running shoes

Purpose:This study examined variation in foot strike types,lower extremity kinematics,and arch height and stiffness among Tarahumara Indians from the Sierra Tarahumara.Mexico.Methods:High speed video was used to study the kinematics of 23 individuals.13 who habitually wear traditional minimal running sandals(huaraches).and 10 who habitually wear modern,conventional running shoes with elevated,cushioned heels and arch support.Measurements of foot shape and arch stiffness were taken on these individuals plus an additional sample of 12 individuals.Results:Minimally shod Tarahumara exhibit much variation with 40%primarily using midfoot strikes,30%primarily using forefoot strikes,and30%primarily using rearfoot strikes.In contrast,75%of the conventionally shod Tarahumara primarily used rearfoot strikes,and 25%primarily used midfoot strikes.Individuals who used forefoot or midfoot strikes landed with significantly more plantarflexed ankles,flexed knees,and flexed hips than runners who used rearfoot strikes.Foot measurements indicate that conventionally shod Tarahumara also have significantly less stiff arches than those wearing minimal shoes.Conclusion:These data reinforce earlier studies that there is variation among foot strike patterns among minimally shod runners,but also support the hypothesis that foot stiffness and important aspects of running form,including foot strike,differ between runners who grow up using minimal versus modem,conventional footwear.

Can minimal running shoes imitate barefoot heel-toe running patterns?A comparison of lower leg kinematics

Background:Numerous studies about the interaction between footwear(and barefoot) and kinematic and kinetic outcomes have been published over the last few years.Recent studies however lead to the conclusion that the assumed interactions depend mainly on the subjects" experience of barefoot(BF) walking/running,the preferred running strike pattern,the speed,the hardness of the surface,the thickness of the midsole material,and the runners’ level of ability.The aim of the present study was to investigate lower leg kinematics o\’ BF running and running in minimal running shoes(MRS) to assess comparability of BF kinematics in both conditions.To systematically compare both conditions we monitored the influencing variables described above in our measurement setup.We hypothesized that running in MRS does not alter lower leg kinematics compared to BF running.Methods:Thirty-seven subjects,injury-free and active in sports,ran BF on an EVA foam runway,and also ran shod wearing Nike Free 3.0 on a tartan indoor track.Lower-leg 3D kinematics was measured to quantify rearfoot and ankle movements.Skin markers were used in both shod and BF running.Results:All runners revealed rearfoot strike pattern when running barefoot.Differences between BF and MRS running occurred particularly during the initial stance phase of running,both in the sagittal and the frontal planes.BF running revealed a flatter foot placement,a more plantar flexed ankle joint and less inverted rearfoot at touchdown compared to MRS running.Conclusion:BF running does not change the landing automatically to forefoot running,especially after a systematic exclusion of surface and other influencing factors.The Nike Free 3.0 mimics some BF features.Nevertheless,changes in design of the Nike Free should be considered in order to mimic BF movement even more closely.

Domestic textile shoes and hats export lose USD 5.5 billion due to technical barriers

China Light Textile News reported that on May 14, the General Administration of Quality Supervision released the sample survey data of the impact imposed by the overseas technical trade measures on 2,600 domestic export enterprises.

Shengle Series Shoes

The Shandong Shengle Shoes (Group) Corporation is located in the home of Juge Kongming——Yinan County. With 40 years of experience, the corporation has developed into a large shoes producer. With its products well received at home and abroad for their high qualitv and first-class service,

请问“Breezewalk Shoes”是什么鞋？

“Breezewalk Shoes”又名“风行”鞋，从外观上看，风行鞋和普通皮鞋并没有什／厶区别，但内部设计酷似一部鞋内空调调节器，功能很像人们常说的空调皮鞋。如Breezewalk Shoes鞋上方系带区附近有许多小孔，可以随时吸八新鲜空气。鞋后跟则安装了一个隐秘的小型气泵，可以借助人行走时脚底的力量，把污浊空气从鞋底特别设计的出口排出，从而使鞋内空气得以充分流通。

Wenzhou Shoes

The shoe-making industry in Wenzhou in Zhejiang Province has a long history. With thousands of factories making shoes, the industry has an annual production capacity of more than 100 million pairs which are marketed at home and abroad. Hence the name of "city of shoes" in China.

East Shoes Co. Ltd. in Rapid Growth

It was at the First Huangmei Opera Festival in Anqing, Anhui Province, in October 1993, when the Anqing Electrical Instruments and Meters Factory signed an agreement with a Hongkong company on the establishment of a joint venture called East Shoes Co.. Ltd.

Field Performance Analysis of Shoes Used in the Takraw Games in Malaysia

Using proper footwear is crucial to avoid pain, deformations and injuries on foot. For athletes, a pair of good shoes is vital for comfort and may add to performance improvement. The main objective of this study is to study the performance of some commonly used shoes in the takraw games by using experimental tests and thermal measurements. The momentum and kinetic energies that were generated by the takraw shoes were also measured. The methods used in this study included free fall test, impact force analysis and surface thermal assessment. From the outcomes of the experiments, it was found that the prototype FA shoe was better in absorption of momentum and impact force than the other shoes and also with lower surface temperature after the trial game. These outcomes suggested that it was more suitable to be worn by the takraw players for better performance. All the information obtained from this study are particularly useful for improvement on the current design oftakraw shoe.

Kaifeng Leather Shoes Plant

Kaifeng Leather Shoes Plant used to be No. 1 shoe manufacturer in Henan leather shoe industry. Over the years, the plant has produced various leather shoes, including shoes for special purposes and shoes for export to many countries and regions like Europe and US. Its "Goat" product series, the hot seller on the market, was rated as quality product by the Ministry of Light Industry, and Henan Light Industry Administration.

Study on the Effect of the Intervention on Traditional Chinese Medicine Negative Heel Shoes in Geriatric Orthopedics Patients

In the clinical practice of orthopedics,geriatric patients are prone to form and exhibit complex and diverse clinical complications during long-term bedridden treatment.This can result in poor survival rate and adverse final clinical outcomes.Hence,it is essential to select appropriate methods for nursing intervention and health-care support for long-term bedridden geriatric orthopedic patients.It is of great significance to support and guarantee patients to obtain the best clinical results.This article focuses on the topic of interventional health effects of traditional Chinese medicine negative-heeled shoes in orthopedic bedridden patients,and two specific aspects were selected for a brief explanation.