A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

The Prediction of Engel's Coefficient and Education Expenditure Based on the Linear Regression Model for Heilongjiang and Ontario

It is meaningful to study trends in food and education expenditure as proportions of total household expenditure.In this study,based on year 2006 to 2017 data from Heilongjiang province in China and Ontario province in Canada,a linear regression model is used to forecast the Engel’s coefficients(proportion spent on food)and the education proportion from year 2018 to 2027 for those two regions.The results suggest that in both regions the Engel’s coefficients show a decreasing trend,while the education expenditure proportions show an increasing trend.The ratios of education expenditure to food expenditure in both places show an increasing trend.

An Analysis of Teacher's Professional Development of Higher Vocational Education

Teachers are the backbones of any educational institutions. They not only play vital roles in students' development;they also directly affect the stature of their respective scholastic organizations. Highly qualified instructors produce competent and well-rounded students— learners who are more than ready to face the quirks and challenges of the labor force. This paper primarily discusses the following questions: What is teacher's professional development? What is higher vocational teacher's professional development? And how can scholastic institutions promote it? The conclusion states that the characteristics of higher vocational education directly influence the higher vocational teacher's professional development; therefore, it must be nurtured and promoted for the development of all the stakeholders of learning institutions – students, teachers, management staff,the learning institution itself, and the nation as a whole.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

Contributing to Sustainable Development——The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given. It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded. The present situation of China's higher education and the improvements required were analyzed. Two modes of thinking (reductionism and holism) and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed. The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education, and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary. A proposal of the revision of China's Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward.

REFORMING CHINA'S HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This article expounds that China’s higher engineering education is facing both challenges and opportunities. Some special difficulties and problems rise in the course of economic transition, and exhort us that it has been of great urgency to carry out a reform of higher engineering education. Here are put forward six measures: to explore training patterns of such an education suited to China’s national conditions; to improve university system: to transform educational ideology, and reform educational contents and methods; to establish a system of cooperation of engineering universities and colleges with industries; to strengthen construction of teacher contingent in engineering universities and colleges; and to carry out testing work of continuing engineering education and training education.

From Mutual Creation to Mutual Benefit:China’s National Teacher Training Program between Higher Teacher Education and K-12 Teachers

Sustainable Development Goal(SDG 4)lays solid theoretical foundation for the development of higher teacher education in improving the quality of teaching faculty nationwide.Sustainable teacher training paves a way for teacher professional development in the long run.China’s“National Teacher Training Program”serves a connection between higher teacher education and K-12 teachers in multiple perspectives when exploring K-12 teachers’improvement of the essence by upgrading the initiative of the program with the assistance of educational technology and modern educational philosophy from mutual creation to mutual benefit.Direction orientation strategic design based on demand for teaching faculty,curriculum setting in modules,and characteristics creation have been carried out to upgrade the training of teacher colleges and National Teacher Training Program in the future for achieving a win-win situation between higher teacher education and K-12 education.

Contribution of Development of China's Higher Education to Human Rights Undertaking

Human rights are the rights and freedoms of humans in their nature, and represent the basic conditions for the free and complete development of the humankind. The educational develop- ment level is an important mark of the level of realization of human rights. China＇s higher education realized the historic development in the 1998- 2007 period, and the number of the enrolled students at common colleges and universities across the nation had exploded from 3.4 million to 18.85 million, the number one in the world.

我国高等教育财政经费支出效率实证研究--基于DEA-Malmquist指数模型

基于DEA-Malmquist指数模型对我国2016-2020年高等教育财政经费支出效率进行了静态和动态综合评价。研究结果表明:我国高等教育财政经费支出效率整体水平不高,大多数省份为非DEA有效,规模效率对财政经费支出效率的变动作用明显。高等教育财政经费支出效率存在显著的地区差异性,整体表现为中部地区高等教育财政经费支出效率明显优于东、西部地区;东部地区财政性经费支出规模报酬递减效应逐渐凸显并扩大。最后,从加大财政经费投入规模,分区实行差别化战略,完善经费支出绩效管理制度等方面提出提升高等教育财政经费支出效率的政策建议。

高等教育、区域创新能力与数字经济发展

在加快建设数字中国的时代背景下,对高等教育与数字经济之间的关系进行探索有助于优化高等教育的定位和资源配置,并赋能经济社会高质量发展。本研究基于2011—2020年我国各省份的面板数据,实证探究高等教育对区域数字经济发展的影响效应、作用机制和异质性特征。研究发现,高等教育是区域数字经济发展的重要推动力量,其正向影响效应在使用工具变量缓解内生性问题后仍然稳健;区域创新能力是高等教育驱动数字经济增长的有效机制;高等教育对数字经济的贡献具有明显的时序动态性和区域异质性。基于研究结果,未来我国应彰显数字经济发展中的高校力量,通过探索数字创新人才培养体系、实施差异化产学研融合策略以及优化高等教育资源配置等举措,加快构建高等教育与数字经济协同发展的新格局。

独生子女性别会影响父母的二胎生育意愿吗?——基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据的研究

通过对中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2012年的数据研究发现,独生子女(第一胎)性别可以影响父母的二胎生育意愿,独生男孩对父母的二胎生育意愿产生显著的负向影响,而这种影响对城市居民和父亲更显著。本文通过交互项分析得出收入、父亲抚育子女时间、教育开支和房价是独生子女性别影响居民二胎生育意愿的因素,居民收入和父亲抚育子女时间的提高可以显著促进独生男孩家庭的二胎生育意愿,教育支出和房价则会抑制二胎生育意愿,其中教育支出的抑制效应随着年龄增大而增大,房价只对45岁以上群体才产生显著影响。因此,提高收入、增加育龄人群闲暇时间、稳定房价、减轻育儿成本特别是教育支出有利于二胎政策的全面顺利实施。

基于B/S模式高校固定资产管理系统的设计与实现

我国高等教育事业的蓬勃发展,高校规模日益庞大,高校的固定资产也在急剧膨胀,传统的管理方式已难以适应,基于此,提出基于Web平台的高校固定资管理系统。在对用户需求分析和前期调研的基础上,设计系统的总体架构,最终实现高校固定资产管理系统运行功能。

高等数学课程的S-T分析

教育信息处理在教学过程和教学效果的评定中具有重要作用。本文从实践出发,运用教育信息处理中的S-T分析方法对南昌大学的高等数学教学过程进行了分析研究。

科技革命演进中的世界高等教育中心转移及其特征

每一次科技革命的发生都必然带来高等教育的大发展,而每一次高等教育的大发展又进一步推动科技革命的新突破。纵观人类科技革命史和高等教育发展史可以发现:世界高等教育中心经历了从欧洲到北美洲的转移过程,且在新一轮科技革命背景下呈现多中心的新趋势。其中,第一次科技革命以机器替代手工为标志,引领世界高等教育的内外变革,奠定了以欧洲为中心的近代大学主旋律;第二次科技革命以电气的广泛应用为标志,高等教育成为推动第二次科技革命的主阵地,德国和美国相继主导世界科技的发展,世界高等教育中心开始从欧洲向北美转移;第三次科技革命以信息技术、新能源技术等为突破口,美国成为国际人才流动与集聚的世界高等教育中心,科技与教育深度互动的政产学研战略协同机制成为新的变革方向。在新一轮科技革命背景下,中国迅速崛起,多中心格局成为时代趋势,努力建成世界主要科学中心和创新高地成为中国实现创新驱动发展战略与教育强国战略的共同目标。从演变过程看,科技革命与高等教育的关系经历了从单向推动到双向联动的系统深化过程,世界高等教育中心的形成呈现动态演变的历史特征,受到教育内外部系统的多重因素影响。面向新时代,世界各国竞争趋势加剧,高等教育在国家发展和科技创新中的战略性地位得到进一步彰显,世界高等教育发展呈现竞合共存的局面。以中国为首的后发型国家在科技革命与高等教育的双向互动中将逐渐由“边缘”走向“中心”,成为影响世界高等教育发展的重要力量。

高质量发展背景下高职教育经费配置结构优化研究——基于历史趋势和国际比较的双重视角

优化经费结构、完善投入机制,是建设高质量职业教育体系的重要保障。基于历史趋势和国际比较的双重视角对我国高职教育经费配置结构现状进行分析,研究发现:来源结构上,政府投入占主导且持续上升,社会投入较弱,家庭投入递减;支出结构上,资本性支出占比偏高,经常性支出尤其是教职工薪酬支出占比偏低;层次结构上,各级政府间投入责任不明确,职普教育经费结构不协调。因此,要保证政府公共财政投入力度,明确各级政府投入责任,优化转移支付制度;健全多元投入机制,以优惠政策鼓励社会投入,完善成本分担机制;提升经常性支出尤其是教职工薪酬水平,兼顾设施设备升级等资本性支出需求。

高职《环境监测》实训室引入5S管理的探索

通过分析"环境监测"实训室管理的现状及存在的问题,探讨将企业5S现场管理法引入实训过程,切实加强实训室的管理,为学生创造真实的职业环境、安全的职业场所,培养学生良好的行为习惯和职业素质。

基于C/S和B/S混合架构的高校教学管理系统平台开发

以我校学分制教学管理系统开发为例,通过对系统网络结构、系统功能、编程环境和数据库设计等方面的探讨,提出了一种基于C/S和B/S混合编程的高校教学管理信息系统构建与实现的方法。

张力与平衡:高等教育哲学的基本问题——读约翰·S·布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》

本文以张力作为探究的立足点,分别从高等教育的价值取向、服务对象、内容选择、学术价值和组织管理五个方面诠释布鲁贝克《高等教育哲学》中所蕴含的五大张力:认识论与政治论的张力、精英教育与大众教育的张力、普通教育与专业教育的张力、学术自由与学术责任的张力、学术自治与外部干预的张力。在此基础上,深入探讨如何维持这五大张力的平衡,以期为中国高等教育理论体系的建立与完善以及高等教育实践活动的开展提供理论借鉴。

Policy-Driven Development and the Strategic Initiative of One-Million Enrollment Expansion in China’s Higher Vocational Education

Purpose:This article explores the relationship between governmental policy and the development of higher vocational education in China.Design/Approach/Methods:The article begins with a textual analysis of dozens of policy documents on higher vocational education issued by the Chinese government since 1999.Findings:The article argues that the development of higher vocational education in China has been largely policy-driven.This development can be divided into four stages:scale development,quality improvement,capacity building,and systemwide enhancement.The transition between each of these developmental stages was marked by new policy initiatives undertaken by the Chinese government.Originality/Value:The government’s recent efforts to expand higher vocational education enrollment by one million students have significant implications for China’s higher vocational education.Additionally,the proposed“1 + X”model—which attaches equal importance to academic education and skill training—may represent the beginning of a new stage in the development of higher vocational education in China.

基于C/S和B/S模式的成人高等教育学籍管理系统的设计与实现

文章分析了C/S和B/S两种体系结构特点,提出了基于C/S和B/S模式的成人高等教育学籍管理系统的开发方法,描述了系统的主要功能,给出了系统的设计与实现方案。