Traumatic Memory and Social Identity: The Public Construction of the Nanjing Massacre's Historical Recognition

The Nanjing Massacre is an unmentionable World War II memory. Haunted by such a typical traumatic memory, the victims of the Nanjing Massacre are experiencing a social identity crisis which is subtle but should by no means be overlooked. There is no shortage of "national humiliation" arguments lamenting for their misfortune and raging over their servility. Yet at the same time, there are also face-saving attempts to deliberately amplify the Chinese people's resistance during the Massacre. These are all modern representations of the social identity crisis facing the victims of the Nanjing Massacre. 2017 marked the 80 th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre. Those who have not experienced that holocaust tend to blame the victims' lack of resistance spirit. Fundamentally, such criticism roots in no appropriate access to the real situation of the Nanjing Massacre and the extreme helplessness of those victims in the face of death. The underestimation of the power of extreme situations leads to the above fundamental attribution error. Therefore, China must construct a shared traumatic memory to secure the most extensive possible social identity for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre.

Global Memory Net and the development of digital image information management system: Experience and practice

Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/.

Research on Residents' Perception after the Trip to Historic and Cultural Block Based on Urban Memory:A Case Study of Confucius Temple of Nanjing

From the perspective of urban memory, the paper made empirical analysis of residents' perception after the trip to the historic and cultural block, by selecting Confucius Temple of Nanjing as the typical case, using questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and structural equation model. The results indicated that residents had different perceptions after the trip of different elements of the urban memory and some important influential factors were discussed. Moreover, some implications for local governments and planning department were proposed.

Signs of Urban Identity in the Cities of Terra d’Otranto:A Contribution to Historical Research and Issues about Conservation Practices

The cities of Terra d’Otranto own a stratified architectural heritage,strongly connected with the local rural resources.From 15th to 19th century important phases of urban development contributed to creating an incisive characterization of many small cities holding precious cultural traces,appreciable in the specific use of construction materials and in the peculiar image of the historic city landscapes.Steeples and church pediments can be identified as signs of urban identity,alongside monumental walls,city gates,fortified buildings and other explicit representations of religious and secular authority.Moreover squares,courtyards and surroundings of undeniable cultural interest form a typical environmental heritage that the communities have enriched with many tangible and intangible values.In regard to the vulnerability of the building heritage,considerations on the broad scope of conservation are more important than ever,especially in relation to the required implementation of knowledge through scientific research and more attentive restoration practices on the architectural heritage of the historic cities.Ultimately,an in-depth study of the urban palimpsest is necessary for the proper identification of the features to safeguard,considering the risk of losing important testimonies for the collective memory.

Historic Progress: China has Made Three Major Strides in the Cause of Human Rights in the Past 70 Years

2019 marks the 70th year since the founding of the People’s Republic of China."Our people are the country’s solid foundation and our main source of confidence to govern,"General Secretary Xi Jinping concluded.1 This highlights the relationship between the people and the republic as well as the relationship between the people and the governance of the Communist Party of China.

Understanding the Main Line,Characteristics and Practice Path of Historical Initiative:Under the Guidelines of the 20th National Congress of the CPC

Theoretically based on historical materialism,the historical initiative of the Communist Party of China(CPC)is a precious character of creating new prospects amid changing circumstances consciously and proactively to acquire benefits for Chinese people.Integrated into its centenary history and showing highlights in different historical periods,the CPC’s historical initiative features dialectical unity between problem orientation and mission pursuit,upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,regularity and consciousness,as well as the leadership of the CPC and the pioneering spirit of the people.To accomplish the Second Centenary Goal and advance national rejuvenation,the CPC will follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Marxism,stay committed to achieving national rejuvenation,unite and rely on the people,and stimulate the spirit of innovation and creation,thereby pooling more proactive spiritual strengths to make greater contributions in the new era.

New mode of universal access and Global Memory Net

In this digital era, we have witness the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries. The mode of universal access for information seeking and knowledge acquisition differs greatly from the traditional ways. From the information resources point of views, the old model of “owning” a collection has given way to “sharing,” and the new emphases have shifted from possessing large “physical libraries” to “virtual libraries” digitally distributed all over the world. “Universal access” has taken on a very different meaning when one has the ability to share invaluable resources through the use of cutting edge technologies. The author has experienced much of these transformations through her own R&D activities—from the creation of interactive videodisc and multimedia CD on the First Emperor of China’s terracotta warriors and horses in the 1980s and 1990s to leading a current international digital library project, Global Memory Net (GMNet), supported by the US National Science Foundation. In presenting her vision for linking world digital resources together for universal access, she will share with the audience the latest development of Global Memory Net.

集体记忆与历史重述——左翼作家的“左翼文学”回忆

左翼作家对“左翼文学”的回忆蔚为大观,构成现代中国不容忽略而又意味深远的文化景观。其重构历史的强烈意图,与当下政治生态、社会现实之间的深层互动,使其足以作为实践中国现代文学研究“记忆的转向”的典型样本。左翼作家通过个人史、“左联”史和左翼文学史的叙述,完成形象重塑、身份认同、重构历史、接续传统等多种意图,充分体现话语生产与意识形态之间的紧密关系。“左翼文学”回忆对社会框架十分依赖,呈现出明显的“集体记忆”特征,打上了社会主导思想和主流意识形态的深深印记,但“个体记忆”又常常逸出“社会框架”,对集体记忆构成冲击与反抗,使得左翼作家的回忆呈现出微妙的张力。然而无论如何,左翼作家的“左翼文学”回忆都在很大程度上重构了中国现代文学史,深度影响了我们对左翼文学的认知。

论中国式现代化的历史逻辑

中国式现代化是中国共产党和中国人民长期实践探索的结果。近代中国早期现代化运动证明了当时的各种社会政治力量不能够推进中国的现代化;中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命为中国式现代化创造了根本的社会条件;社会主义革命和建设实践奠定了中国式现代化的根本政治前提、宝贵经验、理论准备和物质基础;改革开放和社会主义建设新时期的实践为中国式现代化提供了充满新的活力的体制保证和快速发展的物质条件;进入新时代,中国共产党不断实现理论和实践上的创新突破,创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃,为中国式现代化提供了根本遵循,成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。

朱利安·巴恩斯小说中的历史记忆与身份认同

朱利安·巴恩斯是英国当代著名小说家,2011年荣获布克奖,历史记忆是其小说的重要主题。巴恩斯通过多样的艺术形式深刻展现了历史记忆对型塑身份认同的重要意义。在其小说中,个体的记忆困惑与遗忘导致了身份认同危机,而记忆重拾则参与了身份认同的建构,此外国家也运用历史记忆型塑国民的国家认同,而超国家政治共同体则同样借用历史记忆维护其成员的认同感,巩固其政治地位。

“中华民族伟大复兴”话语彰显与中华民族共同体建设价值引领

话语是思想意识的载体,也反过来影响和塑造人们的思想意识。“中华民族伟大复兴”话语是近代以来最具有凝聚力的话语之一,在多个维度具有彰显中华民族共同体建设的功能。从历史维度看,“中华民族伟大复兴”话语叙写了中华民族百年来的屈辱历史记忆和辉煌奋斗历程,在时间向度刻写中华民族共同体的历史叙事,在记忆向度唤起中华民族共同体的历史共识。从场域维度看,“中华民族伟大复兴”话语展演了中华民族共同体意识的生发场域,在空间场域下循环往复催生观者的共同体意识,在符号场域下潜移默化地重塑观者的思维结构和意识生成,在传播场域下持续不断凝聚出共同体意识和行动力。从心理维度看,“中华民族伟大复兴”话语强化了中华民族共同体的心理认同,以意识形态形塑整体意识倾向和心理定势,以社会主义核心价值观塑造全体人民共同的价值立场,以文化认同凝聚各族人民内心深处的普遍性精神共识。从政治维度看,“中华民族伟大复兴”话语厚植了中华民族共同体的政治底色,既体现以人民为中心的政治立场,重构中华民族共同体身份属性,也契合为人民谋幸福的价值追求,打牢中华民族共同体认同基础。

中国共产党历史主动精神的内涵阐释、表现形态和经验启迪

以唯物史观为研究视域,中国共产党历史主动精神是在科学理论指导、长期实践历练、主动担当作为中所形成的主动创造历史的能力素质和精神品格。因不同时期社会实践的丰富性而呈现多样的具体形态,在理论形态上表现为实现马克思主义中国化时代化的三次飞跃,实践形态上表现为取得了全方位历史性伟大发展成就,精神形态上表现为建构起中国共产党人的精神谱系,经验形态上表现为形成党史上三个重要历史决议。以史为鉴,继续发扬历史主动精神走好新时代赶考路,应坚持党的领导、强化核心意识,掌握看家本领、坚定崇高信仰,依靠人民群众、激发首创精神,总结历史经验、汲取智慧力量。

基于集体记忆的城市历史景观活化途径研究——以襄阳为例

城市历史景观的层积过程也是集体记忆的建构过程,从历时性和共时性视角解读城市历史景观层积动态演变特征,借助集体记忆理论对集体记忆建构机制进行解读,为城市历史景观对文化认同的构建和活化提供依据。文章通过复杂网络研究方法,对襄阳城市历史景观层积要素进行提取,统计分析古籍文献中的城市历史景观记忆构建的逻辑关系,解译记忆客体与记忆载体的作用机制和城市历史景观的层积过程,最终从不同的关联关系提出格局景观、区域簇群、场所标志3个层级的城市历史景观活化策略。

中国共产党领导教育现代化的历史方位、内在逻辑与世界意蕴

实现教育现代化是中国共产党领导教育事业的奋斗目标,是中国式现代化的重要组成部分。中国共产党领导教育现代化经历了萌芽探索期、曲折实践期、改革发展期和全面深化期四个阶段。党领导教育现代化,以加强党对教育工作的全面领导为根本保证,以培养社会主义建设者和接班人为根本任务,以服务中华民族伟大复兴为重要使命,以深化教育改革创新为发展路径。植根中华优秀文化教育传统是党领导教育现代化的历史逻辑,坚持以马克思主义为指导是党领导教育现代化的理论逻辑,坚持以人民为中心是党领导教育现代化的价值逻辑,坚持教育优先发展是党领导教育现代化的实践逻辑。党领导教育现代化,正在为全球教育现代化注入中国力量、贡献中国智慧、提供中国方案。

党代会与中共党史记忆之场的建构——以中共七大为中心的历史考察

党代会是记忆党的历史的重要契机,也是存储党的历史记忆的核心机制。中共七大得以“团结的大会,胜利的大会”载入史册,关键在于能通过系统记忆中共党史来建构党的政治认同和擘画抗战建国议题。整体考量中共七大记忆实践,借助系统回答“谁来记忆”“为何记忆”“怎么记忆”“记忆什么”“记忆何用”等基本问题,中共成功将党代会建构成为最具组织权威性的党史“记忆之场”。如此场域创设与记忆实践,既因应党的记忆政治的根本诉求,也揭示出党的政治文化“新传统”创制的基本轨迹与规律,彰显出藉由权力话语建构而成的中共党史记忆形塑20世纪中国政党政治的可能及价值。

中共领袖人物画传的历史记忆传承功能

中共领袖人物画传的历史记忆传承功能,包括历史知识教育、历史记忆塑造和历史自信引导三个层面,历史知识教育是起点,历史记忆塑造是中介,历史自信引导是归宿。通过历史知识教育,在事实性知识、方法性知识和价值性知识三个层次深化社会成员对中共领袖人物和党史的历史认知;通过历史记忆塑造,筑牢社会成员对中共领袖人物和党史的符号记忆、情节记忆和价值记忆;通过历史自信引导,坚定社会成员对党的历史成就、奋斗精神、历史经验和光明前景的历史自信。

中国共产党领导下公立医院发展的百年历程与经验

在党的领导下,我国公立医院发生了翻天覆地的变化,特别是党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视公立医院改革发展,将其作为事关人民群众健康福祉的重大民生工程,纳入全面深化改革的重要内容进行统筹谋划。在公立医院百年发展历程中,中国共产党审时夺势,结合时代背景和历史条件采取一系列方针政策和主要措施,鼓励公立医院在公益性导向下健康发展,为新时期推动公立医院高质量发展提供参考。