The Study of Legal Property of Household Registration System in Our Country

From ＂the case that three girls have some fate but have different value＂ to ＂the case that Hai Cheng took a police substation to court with three times＂, currently the household registration system of our country not only plays the role of account registration and account management, but also undertakes the limitation of migration movement, and for the additional functions of the lowest life guarantee, social insurance, compulsory education, employment and other social security benefits, it also makes a difference between local registered permanent residence habitant and nonlocal registered permanent residence habitant. Just because of these additional functions, the household registration system has become complicated, which originally has clear nature. Therefore, only it is necessary to define the legal nature of our country＇s current household registration system, can executive power be supervised and the rights of citizens get relief.

New Path for Integrated Reform of Urban and Rural Household Registration System in the Context of Informationization

In China, household registration system has the problems of unreasonable standard setting and relevant supporting measures failure to keep pace with the development trend. From analysis of current problems and situations, it is believed that household registration system should undertake reform and take a new road by means of informationization. Strengthening informationization management in land, population, education and labor market can better perform urban and rural integration.

The Logic of Chinese Farmer’s Citizenization

Farmers’ citizenization concerns three logical aspects. First, farmers’ viability determines whether they can truly be citizenized and whether they can realize scale management of rural land. Second, farmers’ viability also determines the time for the realization of scale management of rural land and subsequently determines the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point. Third, the key to viability’s coming into play lies in the government’s institutional supply. Citizenization is in step with the long process of scale management of farmland, the coming of the Lewis turning point and commercialization point, the eventual eradication of the impact of the household registration system, and the development of professional farmers. Farmers’ viability is the ultimate key to such synchronized challenges. There are two approaches to the enhancement of farmers’ viability. The first is “to invest in farmers” and the second is to alleviate the existing household registration system’s constraints on farmers. The first approach outweighs the second, for its quintessential essence is to increase farmers’ per capita capital, enhance their viability and transform China from a country with vast human resources into a country with quality human resources.

Breakthrough and New Projects for Reform of Household Registration System

Under the comprehensive deepening reform and promoting new urbanization,China launched a new round of reform of household registration system.Reform has a major breakthrough in five areas:to implement new urbanization strategy of human-centric,to achieve equalization of basic public services gradually,to break up land rights and rural migrants,to provide protection for family migrants,and to increase financial support by governments.But the reform still faces many difficulties,how to determine the conditions settled by city size is difficult to implement effectively,financial transfer payment system reform is facing enormous diffi culties,as well as the size of the urban population is diffi cult to determine etc.

Analysis on the Characteristics and Changing Trends of Population Structure in Megalopolis : the Case of Beijing

Taking Beijing as an example and based on the census data,macro-level population statistical data and 2004~2013 marriage registration data,this paper makes a contrastive analysis on the characteristics and changing trends of local residents,migrants and temporary migrants. Relative to the local residents,the migrants generally have household registry of central districts and higher educational level and occupational layer. Temporary migrants have relatively complicated population structure but differentiate during the process of marriage matching. 'Two-place marriages'form a stable group of new permanent migrants and meanwhile imply a sizable group of latent dependent migrants. This will produce great infl uences on the general population structure and the aging process,which may also lead to some confl icts and problems. The government should be prepared with policy responses so as to promote the benign development of population diversifi cation in megalopolis.

Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A Case Study in Beijing

Floating population is a special population group in China resulting from the implementation of household registration system. This paper uses a set of floating population survey data, population censuses data and statistical data to analyze the increase and influence of floating population on the urban population situations in Beijing. It is found that Beijing has experienced a rapid increase of floating population since the 1990s and that the increase of this group has become the key factor of the current population expansion in the city. Its distribution in the urban regions intensified and extended the suburbanization process of the capital. In addition, the population structures of sex, age, education and employment in Beijing have changed to some extent due to the influx of floating population.

以人为本推进超大特大城市户籍制度改革的路径选择

自上一轮户籍制度改革实施以来,常住人口300万以下城市的落户门槛已经完全放开,破解部分常住人口300万以上的大城市和超大特大城市的落户限制成为户籍制度改革接下来的突出任务。当前,户籍制度改革的福利扩散(落户)与福利剥离(居住证)二元并行路径面临困境,在政策上陷入了“落户悖论”:如果推进落户,在超大特大城市户籍门槛很难进一步降低,且在农业转移人口落户意愿不高的背景下,落户已很难继续推进;如果不推进落户转而依靠居住证,在核心公共服务难以进一步与户籍脱钩的条件下,农业转移人口仍需要通过落户实现市民化。破解“落户悖论”,推进以人为本的新型城镇化,可实施“愿落尽落+负面清单”改革方案:在完全放开超大特大城市落户限制的同时,将少数高含金量公共服务列入负面清单,落户者须满足负面清单中公共服务的提供部门所制定的附加条件,才能享受该公共服务。这一改革方案具备较好的经济性、道义性和可操作性,是放开超大特大城市落户限制的可行路径。

土司制度与王朝国家的治理

受制于落后的交通和信息技术,传统国家治理的模式迥异于现代国家。广土众民的传统中国,长期以编户国家的模式进行治理,堪称人类历史上的奇迹。但在边远且有着自身“君长传统”与“毋君长传统”的西南地区,中央王朝总体上是用一种接近领地国家的模式进行治理。即便在所谓“改土归流”之后的地区,常常也存在“土流并治”的情形,或者即便制度上已无土官,但实际上却在很大程度上容忍过去土司政权中享有权力者继续在地方事务中发挥作用。同时,在内地流官治理的地区,士绅、宗族、胥吏等也常常控制着地方社会并世袭权力,因此土司制度与内地以编户齐民为核心的流官制度虽有较大差异,但也不无共通之处。

川渝省际毗邻经济新区户籍制度改革的现实困境与优化路径——以川渝高竹新区为例

重庆市、四川省积极实施成渝地区双城经济圈建设国家战略,在两地交界地区携手共建川渝高竹新区,着力开展经济区与行政区适度分离改革,推进产城景乡深度融合的社会主义现代化国家级新区建设取得了明显成效。然而,囿于行政区划、经济基础、社会发展等因素,川渝高竹新区规划范围内的渝北区、邻水县两地的户籍人口在就业、教育、医疗、养老、住房等保障政策上差别较大。为提升川渝高竹新区吸引企业和人才的能力、增强户籍人口的获得感和幸福感,应遵循经济建设“政策就高不就低、成本就低不就高”的原则,坚持以行政区经济理论、府际关系理论、跨域治理理论为指导,推进户籍制度改革。

新中国成立以来户籍制度的形成与改革脉络

户籍制度,即与户籍或户口登记、管理相关的一套政治、经济、社会及法律制度,是中国最重要的人口管理制度。户籍制度不仅对中国的劳动力流动趋向、城镇化进程、城乡区域发展差距、社会阶层分割等宏观经济社会发展格局产生重要影响,而且影响微观个体的教育、医疗、社会保障、就业、收入甚至是婚姻等方方面面。新中国成立初期,基于稳定国内公共秩序、发展重工业等需要,我国建立了户籍制度,并在1959—1978年得到巩固与发展,导致城乡二元分割与逆城镇化。改革开放以后,以市场化为导向的经济体制改革引致了大规模的人口流动,由此开始倒逼户籍制度进行改革。2000年以后,随着城镇化快速推进,户籍制度改革力度逐步加大,在小城镇户籍制度改革取得突破性进展情况下,中央政府将户籍制度改革权力下放,鼓励大中型城市进行自主探索。2012年以后,基于公平与正义的考量,中国政府开始将“农业转移人口市民化”作为户籍制度改革的重点任务,实施以人为核心的新型城镇化战略,不断加大户籍制度改革力度。

流动人口管理中户籍立法嬗变的审视与反思

对流动人口管理的行政法治问题进行深入研究与探讨,既有助于推动流动人口服务与管理机制改革,又有利于夯实基层社会治理根基和提升基层治理能力。流动人口管理与户籍立法发展历经严密控制、管制调控、逐步放开等发展阶段,展现如下特点:从强制人口流动转化为引导人口流动;从强化中央管制转变为扩大地方政府权力;从建立城乡二元结构转变为突破城乡二元格局。国外在平衡人口自由迁移与城市有限资源的关系方面,有一些经验可供我国参考借鉴。我国现行的有关流动人口管理的户籍法律制度在实践中虽具有可行性与合理性,但在服务行政视阈下,仍存在一些亟需重视与解决的不足,亟需加强《户籍法》的引领与保障、推进统一的法律制度体系建设、积极保障流动人口的合法权益和落实居住证制度拓宽的福利与便利。

Household Registration Reform,Labor Mobility and Optimization of the Urban Hierarchy

A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation within the framework of spatial economics, we set up a labor force location choice model and conducted quantitative simulations. Our fmdings show that the structure of China＇s urban hierarchy differs from the pyramid structure of Zipf＇s Law, and the household registration system impedes the free movement of labor and makes the size distribution of cities deviate from Pareto optimality. Household registration （hukou） reform will be conducive to the optimization of the urban hierarchy. Optimizing the urban hierarchy should become a consistent objective in today＇s development of new-type urbanization, city clusters and metropolitan areas.

制度变迁与城乡居民的流动感知

流动感知是民众对自身社会地位变动的主观感受,是理解社会心态的重要视角。本研究建立了理解流动感知的理论框架,在城乡资源配置制度和户籍制度变迁的背景下论述了流动感知的形成机制,然后基于2010—2021年七期中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的数据分析发现:首先,流动感知的分布向上偏移,大部分居民都有积极的流动感知;其次,流动感知在农村居民、流动人口、户籍移民和城市土著居民四类群体中存在显著差异,农村居民的流动感知最积极,城市土著居民的流动感知最消极;最后,流动感知的城乡差异存在世代效应,年长世代流动感知的城乡差异比年轻世代更明显。本研究从整体视角分析城乡居民的流动感知,为理解制度变迁与社会心态的复杂关系提供了启示。

Accelerating the Reform of the Household Registration System to Ensure the Realization of Registered Population Urbanization Objectives and Tasks

Zhang Gaoli,Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council,attended a teleconference on promoting the national household registration system reform and made a speech on Jul 7,2017.Zhang said that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the reform of the household registration system。

解读乡村性:中国城乡边界的历史源流、概念迷思与规划政策解析

立足乡村振兴,分析城乡之间高度互嵌的面貌,提出中国城乡边界界定与乡村性溯源的思考,将其概括为“城乡边界在哪里”“我们想要什么样的乡村”两个具体问题。结合中国乡村发展历史演进中的过程变迁,认为户籍、税收、治理与土地等4个制度要素是塑造城乡边界的关键。基于此,结合近现代乡村发展制度与政策的分析,引入西方研究中的“乡村性”概念并分析城乡边界在乡村性中的作用与效应;基于历史与理论的对话分析,围绕户籍、税收、治理与土地对中国城乡边界政策展开研究,分别阐释这4个维度在彰显乡村发展本体性、保存乡村风貌原真性中的作用。通过总结城乡边界在乡村规划建设中的效应,以期为中国乡村性的发展提供经验。

不同城市落户门槛对流动人口社会融入的影响差异--基于CMDS2011和2017的分析

本文基于2011年和2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,结合城市层面落户门槛指标,利用多层回归模型,分别从超大、特大城市(以下简称“超、特大城市”)和其他城市角度探究了城市落户门槛对流动人口社会融入的影响。通过分析,本文主要有以下三点发现。第一,整体来看,城市落户门槛会降低流动人口的社会融入,但在不同类型的城市间呈现差异化。第二,进一步的机制分析发现,政府流动人口包容度会中介超、特大城市落户门槛对其流动人口社会融入的提升性影响,但其并不能中介其他城市落户门槛对其流动人口社会融入的降低性影响。这意味着政府流动人口包容度是超、特大城市落户门槛对流动人口社会融入影响的主要机制。第三,异质性分析发现,在超、特大城市中,城市落户门槛对流动人口社会融入的正向影响在非农户口以及高收入人群中更加强烈;而在其他城市中,城市落户门槛对流动人口社会融入的负向影响在非农户口、高学历、精英职业和高收入人群中更弱。这说明,在不同类型的城市中,非农户口以及高社会经济地位人群的自主性都更强。

职业妥协对产业工人反生产行为的影响机制研究

产业工人是加快建设制造强国的中坚力量,科学引导该群体的职业心理与行为是理论界与实务界关注的焦点。本文基于自我决定理论,通过对制造业312名产业工人的问卷调查,探讨了职业妥协对产业工人反生产行为的影响机制。结果分析表明,职业妥协正向影响产业工人反生产行为,工作疏离感在两者之间起部分中介作用。户籍不仅调节了职业妥协与产业工人反生产行为的正向关系,还调节了工作疏离感在职业妥协与产业工人反生产行为之间的间接效应,即与城市工人相比,职业妥协对农村进城务工人员工作疏离感的正向影响加强,进而促进其反生产行为。上述发现不仅有助于丰富职业妥协和户籍的理论研究,还为减少我国产业工人反生产行为、推进产业工人队伍建设提供了新思路。