Hierarchical FeO_(χ)H_(y)@Ni_(3)B hybrid for efficient alkaline oxygen evolution at high current density

Electrocatalysts with high activity and long-term durability are vital toward large-scale hydrogen pro-duction from electrocatalytic water splitting.Here,the self-supported electrode(FeO_(χ)H_(y)@Ni_(3)B/NF)with hierarchical heterostructure was simply prepared by using Ni_(3)B chunks grown on nickel foam as sub-strate to in situ form vertical FeO_(χ)H_(y)nanosheets.Such hybrid shows efficient oxygen evolution reaction activity with overpotentials as low as 267 and 249 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH solution and 30 wt%KOH solution,respectively.Meanwhile,it also exhibits excellent catalytic stability,sustaining catalysis at 500 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH solution for 200 h,and even for 200 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2)in 30 wt%KOH solution.Further experimental results reveal that the FeO_(χ)H_(y)@Ni_(3)B/NF is endowed with superhydrophilic and superaerophobic surface properties,which not only provide more mass transport channels,as well as facilitated the diffusion of reaction intermediates and gas bubbles.Also,it holds faster reaction kinetics,more accessible active sites and accelerated electron transfer rates due to strong synergistic interactions attheheterogeneous interface.

Morphological and Cytogenetic Analysis on the Advanced Generations of Generic Hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceu

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the genetic changes of advanced generation hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus. [Method] The morphological characteristics such as the plant shape, branching sites, leaf shape, leaf color, primary branches and secondary branches, as well as the cytological characteristics of the advanced generation hybrids (F8-F10) between B. napus and O. violaceus were observed. [Result] The morphology analysis revealed that the hybrid progeny was more like B. rapa in leaf shape, leaf color, plant shape and early flowering phenotype, whereas more like B. napus in number of secondary branches, silique length and 1 000-seed weight. Analysis on the cytogenetics characteristics showed that these advanced inbred progenies were hypoploids with less than 38 chromosomes; moreover, all the chromosomes from O. violaceus had been lost. Chromosome pairings at meiotic diakinesis of hybrids between the advanced inbred progenies and B. rapa revealed that chromosomes lost in hypoploids possibly belonged to the C genome of B. oleracea. With generations developing, chromosomes number of plants from two populations gradually increased and developed into the number of B. napus (2n=38). [Conclusion] This study will provide reference to reveal the source of chromosome lost in hypoploids and the morphological change of hybrids.

Screening and cloning for proteins transactivated by the PS1TP5 protein of hepatitis B virus:A suppression subtractive hybridization study

AIM： To clone and identify human genes transactivated by PSITP5 by constructing a cDNA subtractive library with suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） technique. METHODS： SSH and bioinformatics techniques were used for screening and cloning of the target genes transactivated by PS1TP5 protein. The mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1（-）- myc-his（A）-PS1TP5 and pcDNA3.1（-）-myc-his（A） empty vector, respectively, and SSH technique was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequence between the two groups. After digestion with restriction enzyme Rsa Ⅰ, small size cDNAs were obtained. Then tester cDNA was divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2, respectively. The tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and subjected to nested PCR for two times, and then subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subb-active library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E.. coil strain DH5α. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Vector NTI 9.1 and NCBI BLAST software after PCR amplification. RESULTS： The subtractive library of genes transactivated by PS1TP5 was constructed successfully. The amplified library contained 90 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that 70 clones contained 200-1000-bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed in 30 clones randomly, and the full-length sequences were obtained by bioinformatics technique. Altogether 24 coding sequences were obtained, which consisted of 23 known and 1 unknown.One novel gene with unknown functions was found and named as PSITP5TP1 after being electronically spliced, and deposited in GenBank （accession number： DQ487761）. CONCLUSION： PSITP5 is closely correlated with immunoregulation, carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, formation mechanism of hepatic fibrosis, and occurrence and development of tumor. Understanding PSlTP5 transactive proteins may help to bring some new clues for further studying the biological functions of pre-S1 protein.

Preliminary investigation and detection based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)of phytoplasmas associated with diseases in B.napus L.

In the last decade,some disease occurred on our experimental farms that had caused serious losses.They were not caused by fungi,bacteria or viruses.By loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)technique,the detection results pointed to the possible pathogen as phytoplasma.The investigation results implied that phytoplasmas could cause more than 13 kinds of symptoms in almost all parts of plants in B.napus L.,including witches’broom,multi-stems,aggregate main inflorescences,and flat stems.The incidences of these phytoplasma-associated diseases in our experimental farms rose from 1.61%in 2010 to 6.00%in 2021.Some phytoplasma infected plants died without any growing points.These studies would be helpful for detecting phytoplasmas diseases,selecting disease resistant germplasm and improving varieties with disease resistances in B.napus L.

Factors limiting seed yield potential in F1 hybrids between natural and resynthesized Brassica napus

Resynthesized Brassica napus lines are of great potential in hybrid breeding for their higher genetic basis. An 8×8 complete diallel experiment was designed using 4 B. napus cultivars （ BN） and 4 resynthesized rapeseed lines （ RS） as parents, and all 56 were divided into BN × BN, NR （ RS × BN/ BN × RS ） and RS × RS types. Their heterosis for agronomic characteristics were investigated, especially on NR hybrids. Results showed that NR hybrids had higher plants, longer branches, more siliques and fewer seeds per silique at highly significant level when compared with conventional rapeseed cultivars. For yield per plant, all 32 NR cross combinations showed positive mid - parent heterosis and 25% of the combinations （8 from 32 NRs） showed positive high - parental heterosis. On average of the 32 NRs, the heterosis was 30. 56% over mid - parents and - 8. 57% over high - parents. Compared with BN x BN hybrids, NRs had more siliques per plant （437. 0 vs 370. 9） and fewer seeds per silique （11.6 vs 17.3）. There was no significant difference on thousand seed weight between NR and BN × BN hybrids. NR hybrids showed abnormal flower organs, including A： 59% of NR combinations had more or less ab-normal perianth or anthers; B：pollen fertility reduced, ranging from 56. 2% to 95. 5% and 80.1% on average; C ：poor silique - set （33. 4% on average） and seed set （7. 8 ±3.6 seeds per silique） after self -pollination ; D： frequent univalents and multivalents in metaphase I of meiosis; E ： they showed highly significant self - incompatibility.

水稻不育系泰丰A创制及其优良品质性状遗传基础研究

针对杂交稻“高产难优质”的瓶颈问题,基于杂种优势群与优势模式,选择华南地区高配合力、高异交率保持系博B和优质丝苗米亲本米31以及长江流域优质抗病早稻浙9248作为育种亲本进行复合杂交,通过穿梭种植生态加压表型鉴定与室内品质鉴定相结合的方法,育成了粒型细长、整精米率高、食味佳的“三高一优”不育系及其保持系泰丰A/B。截至2023年,用泰丰A配组育成泰丰优208、泰优390、泰优1002和泰优398等优质杂交稻共计92个。其中,80.4%的米质达到国(部)标优质3级以上标准,18个品次获得国家或省级优质稻食味鉴评金奖和银奖,2个品种被农业农村部认定为超级稻,较好解决了杂交稻“高产难优质”的“卡脖子”问题。此外,对控制泰丰A/B重要品质性状的QTLs(基因)进行了分析,发现位于第3、5、6和7号染色体上的gs3、GW5TFB、WxTFB和GW7TFB基因或其所在的染色体区段是泰丰A/B品质表现优异的重要遗传基础。

面向科技文献多维语义组织的混合倒排索引构建方法

[目的/意义]为满足科研人员对科技文献内部细粒度语义信息进行高效查询的迫切需求,前期研究提出了面向科技文献的多维语义索引体系,然而基于HashMap的常见倒排索引会导致查询效率低下。本文旨在通过面向不同维度语义特征建立混合倒排索引,以改进语义查询性能。[方法/过程]本文以Treap、B+树等多种数据结构探索适合不同语义维度的倒排索引构建方法,并将其组合形成多种适用于科技文献多维语义组织的混合倒排索引构建方法,并通过对比实验,在排序查询和布尔查询条件下分析验证不同类型倒排索引构建方法的查询性能。[结果/结论]实验结果表明,组合形成的8种混合倒排索引构建方法中,表2所示的C3(HHHB)被证明在排序查询条件下具有最高的效率,而C4(TTTB)则在布尔查询条件下被证明最为高效。本文的方法能有效解决单一索引结构导致的查询效率问题。

Phytogenetic Studies on Intergeneric Hybridization Between Brassica napus and Matthiola incana

The intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus L. cv. oro and Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. was carried out to study the phytogenetic peculiarities of the hybrid plants. In order to improve the oil quality of rape seed, ovaries of B. napus pollinated with pollen of M. incana, were cut off and inoculated onto MS media supplemented with various plant hormones at the 7th day after pollination. Two mature embryos were obtained from 750 pollinated ovaries cultured in vitro. The percentage of seed set was 0.26%. The mature embryos were transferred onto the MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA, and a compound bud was produced later. The compound bud was then cut into a number of single buds, which were transferred onto fresh media. Twenty-two plantlets in vitro were developed from the above single buds. The hybrid plants (F-1) were basically intermediate between the two parents in many,characters with a few showing hybrid vigor. The fertility of hybrid plants (F-1) was poor. Cytological studies revealed that the hybrid plants (F-1) were mixoploid. in nature. The chromosome number of many somatic cells was 2n = 26, which was the sum of the chromosome number of the two parents. The chromosome number of other somatic cells was 2n = 38, similar to that of B. napus. The hybrid offspring (F-2) from the selfed hybrid plants (F-1) showed polymorphism. Among the hybrid offspring (F-2) some were nearly matroclinous and fertile, similar to B. napus. some others were intermediate between the two parents and less fertile, and a few were poorly developed and nearly infertile. From the hybrid offspring a few plants with improved seed-oil quality were obtained.

双低油菜湘油15(B.napus)对菌核病抗性的研究

经苗期菌丝块接种鉴定和花期带菌牙签鉴定表明 ,双低油菜湘油 15对菌核病有高抗性。当病原危害后 ,湘油15体内酚类物质含量和几丁质酶活性迅速升高 ,且维持时间长 ,湘油 15与感病品种 98C4 0和中抗品种中油 82 1杂交后代抗性表现为双亲平均值 。

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

强冬性和春性甘蓝型油菜变种间杂种优势分析

为了研究甘蓝型强冬性与春性油菜变种间亲本组配的杂交组合之间的杂种优势表现,选用8个强冬性甘蓝型油菜和4个春性甘蓝型油菜作为研究材料,组配杂交组合,分析亲本及F1的杂种优势强/弱。结果表明,冬×春组合的F1生育期较冬性亲本明显缩短;在冬×春组合中,株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、角果长度和单株有效角果数等方面有较强的杂种优势,其中角果长度(超亲优势:10.61%,杂种优势指数:128.81%)和单株有效角果数(超亲优势:17.31%,杂种优势指数:143.92%)杂种优势最为明显。结合杂种表现和杂种优势结果,说明甘蓝型油菜变种间杂交比种内杂交具有更明显的杂种优势表现,并且角果长度和单株有效角果数的超亲优势和杂种优势指数最高。本研究结果为今后研究甘蓝型油菜变种间杂种优势的研究利用提供了基础。

Hybrid手术在复杂Stanford B型夹层中的临床应用

目的探讨Hybrid手术治疗累及主动脉弓部分支血管的Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床效果及并发症。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2016年1月武汉市中心医院收治87例行Hybrid手术治疗复杂Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者,观察其术后疗效及并发症发生情况。累及Z0区9例,行头臂干(brachiocephalic trunk,BCT)-左颈总动脉(left common carotid artery,LCCA)+BCT-左锁骨下动脉(left subclavian artery,LSA)+胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)术;累及Z1区23例,行BCT-LCCA-LSA+TEVAR术;累及Z2、3区55例,行LCCA-LSA+TEVAR术;颈部血管旁路选用8 mm Gore-Tex人工血管,TEVAR选用美敦力或先健覆膜血管支架。结果无病例死亡,术后即刻造影无病例内漏,61例术毕苏醒拔管,26例术后次日顺利脱机拔管;术后出现肾衰3例,脑梗1例;随访6～48个月,出现内漏1例,无截瘫发生,恢复良好。结论Hybrid手术治疗复杂Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,具有微创、安全、有效的临床疗效,具有低风险、低并发症发生率的策略优势;根据患者的夹层解剖学范围以及患者的综合条件,选择个性化的Hybrid手术策略是手术成功的关键。

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Oil Quality and Stability of Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.

Reproduction of the Three-line Genic Male Sterile Line Parent Mian 7MB-1 （Brasscia Napus L.） and Seed Production of F1 Based on Somatic Tissue Culture

[Objective] The aim was to study the reproduction of the three-line genic male sterile （GMS） lineparent Mian7MB-1 （B. NapusL.） and the seed production of F1 through somatic tissue culture. [Methed] Through hybridization, a new breeding material Mian 7MB-1 in three-line genic temporary maintainer line propagated by tissue culture was used to improve the sterile plant rate of rapeseed in dual-purpose recessive GMS line, such as Mian 7AB type, S45AB type, and etc. And then the variety comparative test was performed. [Result] In order to avoid some fertility restoration phenomena occurring during the process of self-reproduction, Mian 7AB was propagated in bulk with somatic tissue culture of temporary maintainer line plant stem. The propagated temporary maintainer line seedlings were applied to the breeding and seed production of net room male sterile line parent, promoting the sterile plant rate of the male sterile line parent to 91.7% -93.5%. The male sterile line parents per hectare were enough for the seed production of hybrid F1 in 7 500 -15 000 hm^2. [ Conclusion ] Compared with the original dual-purpose GMS line, the seed production ultilizing male sterile line with high sterile plant rate greatly reduced the labor, significantly improved the seed yield, ensuring the seed quality and forming a perfect breeding and seed production system.

The Effects of UV-B Radiation on Maize at the Seedling Stage

In this study, maize plant seedlings were grown in soilless cultures, with and without ^-B radiation at a close of 5.4 kJt（m2-d）. Three clays later, it was found that the treatment of UV-B radiation significantly reduced such characteristics as biomass, plant height, leaf area, and so on. Also, the photosynthesis of the maize was inhabited, the anti-oxid activity decreased, and the MDA concentration increased with the UV-B radiation exposure. The maize presented visible hybrid vigor under the control condition, while the hybrid vigor under UV-B radiation barely emerged in biomass, plant height, leaf area, and physiological metabolic index.

Identification of the Rice Vacuolar ATPase B Subunit Gene and Its Expression Pattern Analysis Under Phosphorus Deficiency

A vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase.) B subunit gene has been cloned and characterized front a phosphorus starvation induced rice root subtractive cDNA library by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method and RT-PCR amplification. This gene encodes a polypeptide of 487 amino acid residues, containing a conservative ATP binding site and with a molecular weight of 54.06 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.99, southern analysis of the. genomic DNA indicates that V-ATPase B subunit is encoded by a single gene in rice genome. The amino acid homologies of V-ATPase B subunits among different organisms range from 76% to 97% and reveals that the evolution of V-ATPase B subunit is accompanied with the biological evolution. Expression pattern analysis indicated that the maximal expression of V-ATPase B subunit gene occurred at an early stage (6 - 12 h) after phosphorus starvation in roots, and lately stage (24 - 48 It) in leaves. Under phosphorus deficiency, the up-regulated expression of V-ATPase gene was presumed to strengthen the proton transport and provide the required energy to maintain an electrochemical gradient across the tonoplast to facilitate Phosphorus transport.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and N Uptake of Late-sowing Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two winter rapeseed varieties （B. napus L.）, an early maturity variety Zhongyou 116 （ZY116） and a middle-late application maturity variety Zhongyouza 12 （ZYZ12） were employed. Field experiments with different N levels （0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N/hm 2 ） were designed. At the wintering stage, the dry matter weight, the nitrogen content and concentration of plants, leaf nitrate reductase activity （NRA） and seed yields were investigated. [Result] The shoot dry matter of ZY116 increased rapidly when N rate ranged from 0 to 180 kg/hm 2 , and it raised slightly when N rate ranged from 180 to 360 kg/hm 2 . The shoot dry matter of ZYZ12 were changed in a single peak curve; the peak of shoot dry matter appeared at 270 kg N/hm 2 . The N concentration and N content in shoot and root increased rapidly when the N rate changed from 90 to 180 kg/hm 2 . Moreover, the N concentration and N content root of in ZYZ12 were much higher than that of ZY116. Present study revealed that the changed trend of leaf nitrate reductase activities （NRA） were significantly increased at the N rate of 180 kg/hm 2 in ZY116 and ZYZ12 compared with the N rate of 90 kg/hm 2 in two years. [Conclusion] Optimal nitrogen application significantly increased the dry weights and N uptake at wintering stage as well as increasing the yield of winter oilseed rape.

五轴混联机构时间最优速度规划及精准插补

为提高五轴混联机构对复杂曲面及其特征的加工质量,提出一种准确识别曲率点的时间最优速度规划及精准插补方法。首先,采用向心法生成路径节点参数,作密集化处理生成速度节点参数;其次,用B样条描述速度曲线,通过伪加加速度将三阶约束模型转变为线性模型;然后,以速度节点参数为分段点,构造各段路径的时间积分函数,采用自适应辛普森积分法求解;最后,将所得离散点信息输入到运动控制卡进行轨迹加工。实验结果表明:本方法可快速收敛到全局最优,降低曲率点速度并迅速回升其邻域速度;计算所得路径总时间仅有3.5μs的波动,与常规插补方法收敛后的精度一致,且收敛时间更短;位置和角度的最大插补误差分别为0.76×10^(-3) mm和0.9×10^(-3)°,小于编码器分辨率,符合加工需求,特别是极大曲率处相比一般方法降低95.37%。因此,在路径曲线基础上生成的速度节点参数具备更好的曲率识别性,通过构造各段路径的时间积分函数求解路径总时间具备更高的鲁棒性与效率。

Comparions of Required Nitrogen Fertilizers by Hybrid Cultivar and Conventional Cultivar of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.

The key role of myostatin b in somatic growth in fishes derived from distant hybridization

The basic mechanism of heterosis has not been systematically and completely characterized.In previous studies,we obtained three economically important fishes that exhibit rapid growth,WR(WCC♀×RCC♂),WR-Ⅱ(WR♀×WCC♂),and WR-Ⅲ(WR-Ⅱ♀×4nAU♂),through distant hybridization.However,the mechanism underlying this rapid growth remains unclear.In this study,we found that WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲshowed muscle hypertrophy and higher muscle protein and fat contents compared with their parent species(RCC and WCC).Candidate genes responsible for this rapid growth were then obtained through an analysis of 12 muscle transcriptomes.Notably,the mRNA level of mstnb(myostatin b),which is a negative regulator of myogenesis,was significantly reduced in WR,WR-Ⅱ,and WR-Ⅲcompared with the parent species.To verify the function of mstnb,a mstnb-deficient mutant RCC line was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique.The average body weight of mstnb-deficient RCC at 12 months of age was significantly increased by 29.57%compared with that in wild-type siblings.Moreover,the area and number of muscle fibers were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC,indicating hypertrophy and hyperplasia.Furthermore,the muscle protein and fat contents were significantly increased in mstnb-deficient RCC.The molecular regulatory mechanism of mstnb was then revealed by transcription profiling,which showed that genes related to myogenesis(myod,myog,and myf5),protein synthesis(PI3K-AKT-mTOR),and lipogenesis(pparγand fabp3)were highly activated in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC.This study revealed that low expression or deficiency of mstnb regulates somatic growth by promoting myogenesis,protein synthesis,and lipogenesis in hybrid fishes and mstnb-deficient RCC,which provides evidence for the molecular mechanism of heterosis via distant hybridization.