Thesaurus-based approach for building domain ontology with a case study of military aircraft prototype ontology construction

To alleviate the amount of work involved in constructing a domain ontology, starting with the base of an existing terminological-rich thesaurus is better than starting from scratch. With a case study of reengineering the Defense Science and Technology Thesaurus into a prototype military aircraft ontology, a four-phase thesaurus-based methodology is introduced and investigated, which consists of identifying the application purpose, overall design, designing in detail and evaluation. Designing in detail is the core step, converting the terms and semantic relationships of the thesaurus into an ontology and supplementing richer semantic relationships. The resulting prototype ontology includes 87 concepts and 34 relationships, and can be extended and scaled up to a full-fledged domain ontology in the future. Eight universal genres of relationships of this ontology are preliminarily summarized and analyzed, including equivalent relationships, approximate relationships, generic/abstract relationships, part/whole relationships, cause/effect relationships, entity/location relationships etc., and the normalization of semantic relationships is critical to the merging and reusing of follow-up multiple ontologies.

Identity Theory in the Perspective of Quine' s Ontological Commitment

As a significant concept in the field of philosophy of logic, identity plays a key role in Quine's Ontological Commitment Theory. Quine uses the quantitative method of predicate logic to study the ontological problem, and puts forward the ontological commitment standard that "To be is to be the value of a variable". The bound variable becomes the only device that undertakes the ontological commitment ftinction. The value of the bound variable is the entity of the ontological commitment made by the theory in which it is based. However, Quine argues, not all objects can be the values of the bound variable and thus the entities that the theory promises to exist. Quine takes the concept of identity as a necessary condition of ontological commitment, that is,"no identity, no entity". In Quine's view, the concept of identity refers to the identity between extended objects, rather than the identity between connotative objects and possible objects. As the core concept of Ontological Commitment Theory, the concept of identity has a profound influence on Quine's philosophy.

The Construction of an Ontology-Based Knowledge Management Model for Departure Procedures

With increased global economic development, the air traffic volume (including passengers and parcels) increases every year. Thus, the business-related load on air traffic controllers becomes heavier, which influences their need for frequent learning and training opportunities. Therefore, the only solution is to enhance the performance of the training for the air traffic controllers (ATCs) and to build uniform training procedures and standardized training content, which constitute a shared framework with ontology knowledge. Taking departure operation control processes as an example, the research analyzes an aviation organization framework, with information communication procedures and relevant knowledge assets from the viewpoint of departure processes, to explore a knowledge management model of aviation control. This research studies how explicit knowledge is transformed by CommonKADS methodology using the CommonKADS sheet, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) graph presentation and ontology model are discussed in this research. This analysis procedure can be applied to the systematic analysis and establishment of similar business-based information systems, allowing this research result to be further shared in different industries

Process Philosophical Adventures of Applied Ontology

The paper is devoted to the new sphere of applied process ontology. It first makes a short review of the recent investigations in that area. Then it stresses on the importance of applied process ontology. Next the main methodological approaches of applied process ontology are considered： the ＂top down＂ and ＂bottom up＂ approaches. It is argued about the necessity and fruitfulness to combine both ＂top down＂ and ＂bottom up＂ approaches, and not to rely on one of them only. An example is given of the important role of process ontology as general methodological framework for the building up of regional formal ontology. Finally, the idea of variable ontological categories is stressed on and argued for its fruitfulness.

Ontology方法学综述

近来 ,一种新的知识模型的出现 ,解决了以前专家系统基于规则技术的缺陷。最新的知识工程化技巧就是Ontology(本体论 ) ,获取本体论的动机是“可再用性”(Reusability)。在信息系统、接口、面向对象设计和编程等方面 ,本体论都是一个很好的工具 。

应急事件的Ontology研究与建模

文章对本体的定义和本体的理论方法做了深入研究分析,阐述了使用UML为本体建模的可行性,提出使用RUP支持的UML对应急系统中本体建模的指导性原则。该应急本体建模的混合方法,突破了传统的建立本体方法的局限。应急系统中的本体建模方法的可行性在实际项目中得到了检验。

基于Ontology的内容分析法的理论基础研究

文在分析网络环境下内容分析法面临新的需求与存在局限性的基础上,结合Ontology的基本含义与应用,提出了基于Ontology进行内容分析法创新研究的思路;通过对国内外研究现状的调查分析,探索了基于Ontology的内容分析法的理论基础:基本思想、Ontology的角色、操作流程;最后,分析了该方法的优点和目前应用时需要注意的问题。

Islam and International Relations: Ontological Perspective

Studied on the relation between the Islam and the IR up now mentioned them from one side to side;the world divide into two or more sections from the Islamic view and introducing the Islam as a new challenge of the world in the IR surveying’s. Knowing the better understanding needs what entity to be taken of the Islam ontologically. Four entities of the Islam are discussed here: Islam as religion, Islam as ideology (Islamic Fundamentalism), Islam as identity, and Islam as international ethics. Main theme of the paper is to delineate the latter as the best entity that compromised it to International Relations (IR) course.

Paradigms and Methodologies for Knowledge Building

A diversity of methodologies can be utilized for knowledge building in social sciences, particularly in education. Nevertheless, in order to give meaning to the research findings and progressively create theories, an awareness of the epistemological framework appears to be necessary. The aim of this article is to present the main epistemological paradigms and their coherent correspondence with respective ontologies and corresponding methodologies. This article supports and describes four paradigms or epistemological traditions: logic empiricism, constructivism, conceptualism or Aristotelian tradition, and phenomenology. Understanding the diverse possible epistemologies as well as the coherence with methodologies is a necessary step for presenting well-informed research. Knowledge building requires comparison, replication, generalization or integration of results in theories, and all these processes need the critical instance of the epistemological and methodological coherence. Additionally some concrete examples of methodologies have been detailed to illustrate the diversity of available ways of knowledge building in education. The Review of Educational Theory, as a new journal that aims to create a scientific community, will increase the research quality by enhancing the epistemological and methodological awareness of their pieces of research.

中国共产党对民本思想的新发展——本体论、目的论、认识论和方法论层面的分析

民本思想是中国传统政治和国家治理思想的最宝贵遗产。中国共产党在坚持“把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来”的基础上,从本体论、目的论、认识论和方法论四个层面对传统民本思想进行了“创造性转化、创新性发展”,开创了民本思想发展的新阶段。在本体论层面,突破“天意政治”和“关系论”局限,确立彻底的人民本位、人民所有和人民主体地位论;在目的论层面,深化“万物为民”和“利民为本”的思想,确认执政者必须遵循的“全心全意为人民服务”的系统思想;在认识论层面,深化传统“人民立场”“人民途径”理论,提出“知行合一”的“人民认识路线”理论;在方法论层面,超越“君主制”下的“仁政”思维,确立人民民主专政的国体、人民代表大会制度的政体、民民本和全过程人民民主制度体系。中国共产党对民本思想的新发展不仅适应了民本思想持续发展和革新的需要,也满足了对中国国家治理现实进行有效理论阐释等多方面的需求。当然,在新时代,民本思想的新发展也面临着诸多新任务。

An Ontology about Expertise Management

An Expertise Management ontology (EMont) is presented with which human expertise is captured. EMont aims at describing and collectively finding improvements for complex situations in which people interact with often conflicting worldviews in order to achieve goals, shared or not. EMont is rooted in systems thinking, in particular Soft Systems Methodology, to be able to accommodate stakeholders’ worldviews and activities in complex situations. Its purpose is to model human activity systems, which is illustrated with the help of a complex situation. EMont forms the heart of the Expertise Management Methodology (EMM). This methodology can be regarded as a framework to build bodies of knowledge for particular domains systematically. EMM favors a research process of abduction. By studying one or more situations, generalized models are developed that explain the observed phenomenon best. The models are then taken as a starting point to conduct additional studies. This cyclic process is repeated thereby strengthening the models. EMont has been applied in several, diverse domains such as flood protection, health care and community resilience, over a period of more than four years. In our experience, EMont is a stable ontology, well-suited to capture human activities and identify widely supported solutions for complex situations, and has proven its value in practice. EMont has been implemented in Semantic Media Wiki to publish bodies of knowledge on the web.

间性方法论中的美学研究实践--评林季杉的《美学前沿问题研究》

《美学前沿问题研究》一书通过独特的间性方法论研究美学问题,它以美学的存在为基点,认为美学是关于美的一系列追问,即何谓美、何谓美感、美何以致。其中,对美何以致的思考须进一步延伸至何以实践美、提升美的维度。该书作者将思想意识作为一种方法论,实现了美学研究方法论和思想意识的同构性,将认识论转向存在论、本质论转向生成论,通过建立独特的美学间性方法论结构,以展开对美学存在之意义的沉思,引领人抵达美学的必然与自由。

本体安全、国家身份与朔尔茨政府的对华政策调整

2024年4月,德国总理朔尔茨第二次访华,中德关系成为中国与西方大国关系的积极指标。然而,朔尔茨政府的中国战略却将中国定位为“伙伴、竞争者和制度性对手”三位一体的国家,在追求对华理性合作的同时,明确以竞争者和制度性对手为基底调整对华政策,战略上加强德美协调,经贸上推行“去风险”政策,意识形态上突出价值观差异。如何解释朔尔茨政府对华政策的新调整?既有研究主要从德国国内政治、双边经贸关系、国际体系新态势等三个物质性维度进行分析。本文认为,尽管中德之间互不构成实体安全意义上的威胁,但本体安全焦虑是德国对华政策调整的主要驱动力之一,乌克兰危机、中国崛起、美国外交退化为大国竞争主导等因素的综合作用,严重冲击了德国国家身份框架,使德国积累了强烈的本体安全焦虑情绪。为维护其国家身份的稳定与连续,德国采取调整身份叙事与强化德美协调等多重措施,并将之深嵌于对华政策之中,驱动德国调整对华政策。不过,尽管德国对本体安全的追求增加了双边合作关系管理的不确定性,但中德关系仍颇具韧性。

微粒社会下青少年手机“软瘾”现象的批判性分析

随着以智能手机为代表的移动科技产品在大众生活中的全面渗透,当代青少年群体中出现了以手机依赖为典型特征的“软瘾”现象。这种现象的背后,实际上反映了身处微粒社会中的青少年应对闲暇时所选择的一种拟真化生活方式,用于维持本体安全感以及构建自我认同。未来可通过心理调适、技术改进以及丰富具身体验等途径,引导青少年群体向着更加健康的生活方式转变。

论国家的承认安全

维护安全构成国家行为的基础和重要动机。国家安全至少涵盖现实维度的物质安全和理念维度的身份安全。国家身份安全的核心内涵是国家身份的外在肯定性与内在稳定性共同铸造出的身份确定性。只有同时获得本体安全与承认安全,国家才能确保其身份安全。承认安全是指,行为体持有的有关其本质属性的自我理解因为得到他者承认而产生的一种满足感,这种满足感具有双重来源:一是行为体的基本承认需求得以实现,二是行为体的身份生成顺利开展。承认安全得以建立的基础是行为体自我理解与他者理解之间的一致性带来的自我肯定,这种自我肯定是行为体既满足承认需求、又实现身份生成所产生的共同的积极结果,因此构成行为体满足感的直接来源,从而确保了其承认安全感;反之,承认不安全的来源就是自我理解与他者理解之间的非一致性带来的自我怀疑,这种自我怀疑是行为体无法满足承认需求和身份生成受阻所产生的共同的消极结果,阻断了行为体满足感的形成,从而导致其产生承认不安全感。承认不安全将使国家滋生以不确定性为特征的焦虑情绪和以报复冲动为主导的怨恨情感,在二者的复合作用下,国家将作出具有高度不确定性的破坏性行为。俄罗斯与土耳其国家身份建构历程中的承认安全问题及其国际后果,可以对有关承认安全的理论发现提供初步经验验证。

浅谈自然地理学与人文地理学融合的基础——与凯斯特洛特与巴尼奥利文章的对话

受凯斯特洛特和巴尼奥利两位学者合著文章的启发,提出自然地理学与人文地理学融合有3个基础:1)两个学术群体面对的本体论需要接近;2)两个学术群体彼此包容对方的方法论;3)科研运行组织方式有利融合。为了更好地论证作者提出的3个融合基础,文章选用“北京中心城区色彩管控案例”作为例证,将这3个基础不存在的状态下,自然地理学者和人文地理学者面对这个实际问题时会采纳的差异性研究路径,以及渐行渐远的趋势。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识与当代中国政治认同的建构——一种基于马克思主义国家观的阐释

马克思主义国家观不仅为人民民主专政的国家制度提供了坚实的理论基础,同时也为新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识的政治认同构建提供了重要的方法论启示。从马克思主义关于国家起源和本质的观点看,铸牢中华民族共同体意识的政治认同是一个动态建构过程,社会交往是政治认同形成的前提条件,要在实践中促进各民族交往交流交融;从马克思主义关于民族和国家关系的认识看,民族与国家具有异质性,国家认同和民族认同的统一是多民族国家政治认同的趋势,要在铸牢中华民族共同体意识实践中将对伟大祖国、中华民族和中华文化的认同融为一体;从无产阶级专政理论出发,共产党的领导和人民民主专政是多民族国家认同的重要基石,而国家治理效能的提升是政治认同形成的重要影响因素,要在铸牢中华民族共同体意识实践中改善民生、凝聚人心,不断推动民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化。

卢卡奇的总体性范畴与历史主动性方法论建构

卢卡奇从“总体性范畴”出发对于历史主动性方法论的理论建构,有着其现实而又深刻的思想动机,就是为了克服庸俗马克思主义及其经济决定论对于历史发展规律的还原论解读,由此来反思社会革命带来的问题,最终用历史辩证法的思想逻辑来解释历史决定论与历史主动性之间的辩证关系。作为一种历史主动性的哲学论证,卢卡奇的“总体性范畴”不仅从社会存在论意义上规定了马克思主义的历史总体思想,而且从革命实践论意义上论证了马克思主义的主体性原则。当然,卢卡奇的哲学论证有着矫枉过正的偏向,他将历史辩证法解释为一种意识辩证法,将他心目中的“共产主义的历史哲学”变成了一种观念论的历史哲学。这种偏向也成为“西方马克思主义”的理论特征,从而推动了之后各种“文化主义的马克思主义”的理论演进。

从方法到存在——论解释学的转向与弥合

施莱尔马赫和海德格尔是现代解释学两次转向中的关键人物,其中,施莱尔马赫的解释学仍有明显的方法论色彩,强调回溯性地抵达作者意图。而海德格尔则将解释学发展到存在论维度,使理解成为存在的一部分,但也使解释的“存在”与“方法”之间裂开一道斧痕。利科的解释学在反思海氏存在论解释学的基础上,选择通过一种语义学的重构和“反思”走上一条迂回的长途,为弥合方法与存在间的裂隙做出了努力。在这三种解释学发展的逻辑和路径上,各自渗透了一种对“意义”的不同思索,也隐含着20世纪以来关于文本阐释的多种可能。