Empirical Human Rights Studies Contribute to Building a Society Under the Rule of Law——Summary of the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions

From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,

The Establishment of Grand Tour Rules and Its Influence on the Image of Western Countries

In the process of civilization competition between the East and the West,different foreign travel rules have been gradually established.From the 16th to the 19th century,the Chinese government gradually lost the motivation and willingness to travel abroad.In the process of promoting the development of modern civilization in the western world,through the practice of grand tour,the travel rules with equal communication as the main feature are established,and an open,innovative and enterprising image of western group countries was constructed.

Human Rights Education from the Perspective of the Holistic Development of the Children

Human rights education for primary and secondary school students is of great significance to their holistic development.At present,human rights education is actively carried out in China’s primary and secondary schools.Such human rights education includes classroom teaching based on the Ethics and the Rule of Law series of textbooks as well as developing hu man rights culture in campuses and educating students in human rights practices.Human rights education in primary and secondary schools has achieved certain results,but is as yet inade quate.In order to further improve human rights education for children,we should integrate hu man rights education with traditional Chinese culture,make better use of information technology and modem concepts of education and build a comprehensive and deep-seated human rights educa tion system.

Creating a New Form of Rule of Law Civilization:A Historical Narrative of the Communist Party of China

The modernization path of the Chinese rule of law reflects the glorious process of the Communist Party of China(CPC)’s continuous exploration of the rule of law development.It has created a new form of rule of law civilization for humanity,one that has not only profoundly changed China but is also deeply influencing the world historical process.Under the leadership of the CPC,the Chinese people have achieved the innovation of legal mechanisms,text,and discourse in their century-long endeavor for the rule of law.This highlights the distinctive features of the Chinese rule of law civilization.The innovation of legal mechanisms is the foundation of the modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,a legal leadership mechanism has been formed,in which the Party exercises overall leadership and coordinates the efforts of all sides;the innovation of legal text is the manifestation of modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is gradually moving toward a new stage of codification in which the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is a milestone;and the innovation of legal discourse is the core of modernization of the Chinese rule of law,indicating that through the Party’s century-long endeavor for the rule of law,the continuous refinement of the Chinese legal discourse system is playing a key role in providing theoretical support and legal reasoning.

The Approach to Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

The essence of Chinese modernization of the rule of law is to promote a modern legal system in China.The approach to Chinese modernization of the rule of law refers to the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.By comprehensively reviewing the history and reality,theory and practice,and actual and desirable aspects of Chinese modernization of the rule of law,we can summarize the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.This approach containssvariouselements,including a leadership system for the rule of law with centralized and unified leadership by the Central Committee of Communist Party of China,a rule of law virtue principle of putting the people first,a functional orientation of the rule of law toward national governance,and a historical-legal consciousness that inherits fine traditional Chinese legal culture.These key elements play a prominent role and can effectively showcase the Chinese approach to promoting a modern legal system.Describing such a Chinese approach not only helps to summarize the fundamental experience of Chinese modernization of the rule of law but also showcases the Chinese logic and Chinese characteristics in this modernization process.

Worldview and Methodology of Advancing the Construction of the Rule of Law in China

This work discusses a worldview and a methodology concerning ideological approaches by which Marxists can understand and transform the world,based on well-defined value truth,theory and philosophy.The work builds on the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which highlights the following priorities to which XI Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era must adhere:putting the people first,maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance,upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground,adopting a problem-oriented approach,applying system thinking,and maintaining a global vision.Furthermore,this work argues that these priorities should be applied to promote the rule of law in China’s new journey.As the starting points of analysis and understanding,the meta-theory and“six must-dos”follow the general principles of Marxism in interpreting and promoting socialist concepts,theory,law-based path and legal system in the New Era with Chinese characteristics.The metatheory and the“six must-dos”provide the logical foundations and fundamental compliance with XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.Only by applying these“six must-dos”well can we understand and implement XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law,enhance the rationality,initiative,foresight and creativity of our work in comprehensively promoting the rule of law in China.

Democratic Values of Mongolians Becoming as a Pillar of Perspectives of Democracy, Human Rights, Freedom, and Legitimacy

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

Transforming the Evaluation of the Rule of Law in China

近十年来，全国许多地方出现了各种探索法治评估的实践。总结法治评估实践经验，分析法治评估实践存在的问题，判断全国法治评估走向，提出建设性思路，具有重要意义。《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》和《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》出台后，法治评估在实践和理论两个方面面临转型。法治评估转型的重点在于法治评估的正确定位、法治评估机制的创新、法治量化难题的破解和法治评估经验总结和理论升华的实现。科学的法治评估机制是评估工作得以有效开展的前提，破解法治量化难题是科学评估的要害，法治评估经验总结和理论升华是评估实践提出的必然要求。法治评估机制创新重点在实施第三方评估模式，法治量化可从专项评估入手。

Updated Interpretation of the Chinese Legal System

As an important accomplishment of self-governance exploration for the Chinese nation,the Chinese legal system has contributed significantly to human rule-of-law civilization,and should be reinterpreted from three dimensions:historical tradition,prevailing practice,and future development.Following the constant logic of rule-of-law development in China,Chinese rule-of-law modernization marks a new era of the Chinese legal system and is a specific embodiment of Chinese modernization in the domain of rule of law.The Communist Party of China(CPC)has explored the China’s socialist rule-of-law practice with Chinese characteristics,carried forward the essence of fine Chinese rule-of-law culture,and learned from others’important rule of-law achievements,modernizing the rule of law for the needs of China.Furthermore,XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law,adapting to the times to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,understands and grasps the basic laws of national governance,the laws of socialist rule-of-law building and the principles of law-based humane civilization development.The Chinese legal system has thereby been revised and expanded through linking history with reality,the international scene with the domestic one,and theory with practice.Surely,the updated Chinese legal system with China characteristics and with world significance will return to global centre-stage in rule-of-law development.Also,the updated Chinese legal system in the new era will embrace the revival of Chinese rule-of-law civilization,while the Chinese rule-of-law modernization will advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法论纲——以高质量的体育立法助推体育强国建设

加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法是中国体育法治建设的重要任务,也是体育强国建设的重要保障。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,就加强体育事业发展中重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法的战略意义、基本遵循、主要立法内容进行了探讨。研究认为,体育事业发展中重点领域的立法主要应该加强全民健身保障立法、青少年与学校体育配套立法、竞技体育领域立法、体育产业促进立法、职业体育立法、体育市场监管立法、体育组织治理的立法;体育事业发展中新兴领域的立法主要应该重视数字体育立法、体育领域市场竞争立法、体育投融资立法、打击操纵比赛的立法;涉外体育领域的立法应该重点围绕建立起在国际体育活动中保护国家利益的法律制度来展开,并就各类涉外体育事务建立起法治化的规章制度。

回应国家重大需求的战略型法治人才培养模式的实践与探索

武汉大学法学院以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦新时代法学教育难点痛点,坚持问题导向、育人导向与结果导向。本教学成果坚定马克思主义鲜亮底色,涵养新时代法治精神;创新梯级课程体系,筑牢知识大厦深厚根基;打造珞珈法学智库方阵,构建多方融合研学体系;坚持国际与国内协同、理论与实务协同、传统教学与信息技术协同、教育与科研协同,完善综合能力培养机制;实现战略思维引领培养体系的理念创新、竞合机制贯穿培养过程的机制创新和多元方法激发创新能力的路径创新。本成果有效回应国家重大战略需求,为国家不断输送具有高尚的人格修为力、基于法学的跨学科理解力、对法治发展的前瞻判断力及法治实践组织领导力的高端战略型法治人才,获得行业与社会的高度认可,形成了良好的示范效应与社会影响。

基于数据挖掘探讨国医大师韦贵康治疗腰椎间盘突出症的用药规律

目的:基于数据挖掘对国医大师韦贵康治疗腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的用药规律进行归纳、总结与探讨。方法:收集从2017年1月9日至2020年1月9日在广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院就诊于韦贵康教授门诊而且具有确切临床疗效的316例LDH患者的首诊处方,建立处方数据库。采用SPSS 20.0软件对处方中出现的药物进行频次统计分析;用SPSS Modeler 14.1软件对处方中出现的高频药物进行关联规则分析。结果:韦贵康教授治疗LDH频数较高的前15味中药为三七、甘草、两面针、白芍、丹参、细辛、龙骨、降香、千斤拔、茯苓、熟地黄、山萸肉、牡丹皮、泽泻、山药;并且挖掘出46组核心药物组合,支持度均大于50%,且置信度为100%,衍化得出2个核心处方:六味地黄汤和痛安汤加味。结论:国医大师韦贵康治疗LDH的临证用药主要以活血化瘀药为主,其中活血、补肾、扶正药物使用频次最多,体现了韦贵康教授诊疗LDH的整体观和“补肾通督,化瘀扶正”的学术思想。

海南黎族传统习惯规则的法治化思考

长期以来,海南黎族乡村已形成具有普遍约束力的传统习惯规则,在调适人际关系、村民纠纷、维护族内稳定及规范生活秩序等方面发挥着重要作用。从现实意义来看,黎族传统习惯规则背后所蕴含的法观念与时代要求和现代理念在一定程度上较为契合,有其存在的意义和价值。与此同时,部分不合时宜的传统习惯规则仍需进一步甄别和扬弃,应当纳入法治化轨道予以调适。

国家金融安全视域下金融科技的风险应对与法治保障

在数字化时代,科技深度赋能金融服务的同时,也易引发国家金融安全风险,包括与传统金融活动结合、构建新型金融网络系统及新兴科技直接应用等场景。金融科技引发国家安全风险的生成机理在于,随着金融体系的中介类型增多、金融风险传导渠道增加,新金融网络体系会产生基于“关联”的风险。金融科技“破坏性创新”的特征,会从金融监管立法与实施两个方面冲击传统金融监管框架,从而加剧监管失灵。国家金融安全的法治保障亟须理论层面的反思与重构,进而形成金融科技的“动态协同”治理模式,从外层金融网络与基础设施安全、中层金融科技创新活动和内层金融服务行为三个层面,构建多层次的金融科技法治保障体系。

建立中国特色法治建设激励制度研究

激励是法律的基本功能之一,建立中国特色法治建设激励制度对于完善中国特色社会主义法律规范结构、解决法治建设内生动力不足问题以及推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要意义。截至目前,我国已有多部法律法规对激励制度作出原则规定,且在激励制度的运用上积累了一定的经验,加之境外国家和地区也有成功经验可供借鉴,此时建立中国特色法治建设激励制度具有较高可行性。建立中国特色法治建设激励制度应当遵循科学化、体系化原则,精神激励为主、物质激励为辅原则,明确性、时机性原则以及程序公正、公开原则,而具体的制度设计和构建,则应当从选择激励的立法模式、确定激励的范围、增加激励的种类、优化激励的方式以及设置激励的程序等几个方面着手。

地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关的法治逻辑及展开路径

地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关具有严密的法治逻辑,既是人民代表大会制度的内在逻辑要求,也是强化对权力运行制约和监督的必然要求,还是对监督者再监督的题中之义。但由于监察权在我国新“四权”权力配置模式中处于优越地位,地方人大及其常委会监督地方监察机关还面临一些挑战和障碍。这就需要在正确认识和处理地方人大及其常委会监督与地方监察机关监察两者“异中有同”“相得益彰”关系的基础上,由地方人大及其常委会对地方监察机关开展“正确监督、有效监督、依法监督”,以实现地方人大及其常委会对地方监察机关监督的目的。

适应性海洋法治理念在全球海洋治理中的适用

新形势下,以《联合国海洋法公约》为核心的海洋法体系在应对海洋治理中的传统安全问题和非传统安全问题时呈现一定的不适应性。普芬道夫自然法哲学中的社会性义务要求社会主体承担不损害他人正当权益的普遍义务,具备此种消极调和特征的公平原则强调规则与历史演替中的社会关系保持一致,主要表现为在承认变化的基础上适应变化。通过将适应理念嵌入海洋法体系,补充法治理念的内容,并表现为面向未来的开放式规则、利益相关者的多元参与和《联合国海洋法公约》的演化解释,海洋法将更加灵活地调整权利义务关系。适应性海洋法治理念具备内在延展性,能够为解决南海问题、日本倾倒核污水等海洋危机以及未来可能出现的类似问题提供借鉴思路。中国的综合实力不断提高,海洋利益诉求也随之变化拓展。中国需要兼顾本国利益与国际社会整体利益,适时调整立场态度,通过建立适应性的国内涉海法律体系、转化参与国际海洋治理的法律逻辑,实现国内涉海管理和全球海洋治理的相互协调。

法治规范体系视域下党内法规保留的功能定位与规范建构

党内法规保留是将法律保留相关原理引入党内法规制度建设中形成的有关党内事务制定权配置的制度。在中国特色社会主义法治体系的法治背景下,党内法规保留应以法治规范体系作为制度建构的基本视角。基于与法律保留的功能比较,党内法规保留具有统制、区分、整合、保障等功能。在法治规范体系视域下,当前党内法规保留制度存在明显结构缺陷。可以从重塑党内法规保留的结构理念、重新阐释《中国共产党党内法规制定条例》第四条第一款的保留对象、建立相对保留制度、单列党章保留事项、对中央党内法规绝对保留事项进行内涵解读等方面进行结构重塑与完善。此外,在党内法规保留的保留标准上,应确立面向从严治党的重要事项保留标准。

协同推进大运河国家文化公园治理法治化研究

协同推进大运河国家文化公园治理法治化,是建好用好国家文化公园的应有之义和必由之路。要在明确大运河国家文化公园治理目标的前提下,立足大运河这个线性的复杂时空体系载体,厘清法治短板,推动全流域、跨地区、多部门的协同立法、协同执法、协同司法,保障实现大运河文化保护传承利用。

法治视域下大学生国家安全意识协同培育

大学生国家安全协同培育是新形势下国家安全形势的价值诉求、是国家安全教育应然渠道和教育效果提升与持久发展的内在要求。针对当前国家安全协同资源零散、教育形式单一、教育考评体系不健全等问题,高校应强化国家安全责任意识,构建法治视域下国家安全协同培育组织制度体系;着眼国家安全知识的体系性、动态性,构建国家安全协同培育的知识图谱;注重实效,实现国家安全协同培育形式的多样化;强调知行合一,构建多元化、科学化国家安全协同培育评价体系;加大支持力度,实现国家安全协同培育保障的制度化。