The Influence of U. S-Iraq War on World System and International Order

The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future world system and international system. The U. S. -Iraq war is not a war in a traditional sense, but the first comprehensive war in the new century, involving military, political,

The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Reform and Development Governance

This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.

A Perfect Combination of the Real Life and Literary World： An Analysis of The Old Man and the Sea

Being distinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted as an iron man and his powerful philosophy： “Man can be destroyed, but not defeated”. Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is considered to be the masterpiece of Hemingway＇s works and the one that best demonstrates this powerful philosophy. And The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel about an old Cuban fisherman Santiago and his battle with a great marlin. In his masterpiece, Hemingway portrays Santiago with every dominant and strong characteristic, which is the prototype of an iron man. This is one of the basic characteristics of the novel which gives Ernest Hemingway great honor and makes him become one of the authors who define American literature. The Old Man and the Sea is the one that best represents American social life on the period Hemingway lived. In this short novel, a lot of facts are used. Most of the facts come from Hemingway＇s own experience. Reading up the masterpiece, it is evident that the story and the hero are the self-portray of the author himself. With the real life and the literary world perfectly combined, we read Hemingway＇s and we read through Hemingway and his inner world.

The Influence of the Pluralism of Chinese Language and Literature on the Tradition of Literary Criticism

The current problems facing literary criticism are not only the influence of the external environment,but also the understanding of the traditional Chinese culture from the perspective of“globalization”and“diversification”of literature.It is also a guide for related literary criticism.This paper first discusses the pluralism of literary criticism,gives an overview of literary criticism,analyzes the problems of literary criticism in Chinese literature in our country,and finally propoeses relevant suggestions for literary criticism under pluralism.

The Influence of Greek Myth on the Western World

Greek myth is a great treasure of human literature treasure house.It affects the western world a lot,especially in literature,English language,pop culture and so on.

The Latest Development of Ethical Literary Criticism in the World

The series A Study on Ethical Literary Criticism exhibits key achievements in the major program of national social sciences by scholars headed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao,who are devoted to the research of foreign literatures,studies in philosophy and social sciences,and interdisciplinary study of world literature,who dedicated themselves to the construction of the ethical literary critical theory and methodology with the application of ethical literary criticism in practice.This series organically combine the generality of ethical literary criticism with the individuality of specific writers and combine the theoretical guidance with realistic practicality in academic research,which will be conducive to the development of world literary criticism and region and country-specific studies in the new era.

Pope＇s ＂Language of the Heart＂ in Wordsworth＇ s Tintern Abbey

The Romantics＇ relationship with Alexander Pope and his literary authority was a complicated one, and William Wordsworth＇s opinion of Pope oscillated between reverence and disdain throughout his life. This paper seeks to explore the underlying emotions embedded in Wordsworth＇s borrowing of Alexander Pope＇s expression, the ＂language of the heart,＂ in the poem Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour （1798）. The author traces Pope＇s use of the ＂heart＂ to refer to his literary predecessor Abraham Cowley in The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace, Imitated （Pope＇s Epistle to Augustus） （1737） and to his father in An Epistle to Arbuthnot （1735）. In focusing on Pope＇s attribution of the ＂language of the heart＂ to his father and Wordsworth＇s reference using Pope＇s phrase to his sister Dorothy, the author demonstrates how the poets express at once fondness towards a beloved family member and a desire for detachment from the kin who is no match for the poet with regards to such qualities as erudition and ambition. Through these examinations, the author shows that the connection between Pope and his father and between Wordsworth and his sister, through the common adage of＂language of the heart,＂ is in fact representative of Wordsworth＇s own bearing with Pope.

Pushkin’s Literary Works and its Influence

Alexander Pushkin remains for Russians the indispensable writer, who changed the course of Russian literature. Though his life was brief, he left us splendid literary works in a variety of genres. This article tries to indicate the main features of Pushkin's literary works and find its great influence on Russian literature.

Translation Strategies of Non-literary Texts

Translator's subjectivity is closely related to the choice of the style of the translated texts and translation strategies.This paper presents an analytical study of translation strategies of non-literary texts. It introduces different non-literary texts, and then generalizes some factors influencing the selection of translation strategies. Take these Influencing factors into account,Translators should adopt different translation

Global Partnership China and India seek to exert a positive influence on-the world

China and India seek to exert a positive influence on-the world Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao dis- played his signature smile as he and his visiting Indian counter- part Manmohan Singh signed a document to upgrade China-India relations in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on January 14.Wen had good rea- son to be confident.Having just concluded a fruitful meeting in which the two leaders reached a consensus on a wide range of top- ics,they were now reaffirming in a written document the two countries’commitment to intensifying bilateral cooperation from a global perspective.

Longman and Norton:The Anthologies of World Literature and the Effects on the Literary Landscapes

By establishing a critical dialogue with the observations of David Damrosch in Comparing the Literatures:Literary Studies in a Global Age concerning the challenges posed to Comparatism by the current state of the discipline,the question that we will address in the present work is,above all,a position on what it means to make a comparative study in a scenario marked by the reemergence of the phenomenon of world literature in literary studies.After directing our attention to The Longman Anthology of World Literature and The Norton Anthology of World Literature,we were able to see how both still describe an unequal system of legitimation and aesthetic configuration based on a Eurocentric division between the"inside"and the"outside."And it is precisely in the ethical and political implications of this process of opening"'to the world that lies our proposal for approaching world literature.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.

Thought in Motion:Helena Buescu's The Experience of the Uncommon and Good Neighborhood:Comparative Literature and World Literature

An analysis of Helena Buescu's book The Experience of the Uncommon and Good Neighborhood:Comparative Literature and World Literature,published in Portuguese by Porto Editora,is undertaken as the best way of introducing her work to an international readership.A pride of place is given to the broadening of the concept of world literature as well as to the importance of translation.

China’s Elia: A Study of Liang Yuchun’s Translation Activities

Liang Yuchun,who once played an important role in introducing and translating foreign literature(especially English essays)in the 1920s&1930s,has been hitherto much neglected by the research field of translation studies.The present study first gives a general description of Liang’s translation practices,the exploratory analysis of his motivation and the collection of his thinking on translation.Based on that,the author explores the influences of Liang’s translation activities from the point of view of media translatology,thus proposing that Liang Yuchun should be given a deserved position in the history of Chinese translation literature.

Comparative Criticism beyond Eurocentrism:In Search of the Untranslatables of Literary Theory

While the study of world literature is often seen as escaping the boundaries of eurocentrism-albeit with the need for constant revision and self-critique-a truer overcoming would involve another sort of anthologization,namely,of world theory and criticism.World literature should go beyond being a reified collection of translated texts,to become an exploration and comparison of the different ways of thinking about literature and aesthetics in different parts of the world.Barbara Cassin's Vocabulaire Europeen des philosophies:Dictionnaire des intraduisibles provides a possible model in this regard.The untranslatability of critical terms from different traditions is generative of new meanings due to the repeated efforts to translate and to compare non-synonymous terms with each other.This essay examines the untranslatability and comparability of several different terms from Asian aesthetic traditions.

The Challenge of Writing a World Literary History

The writing of history has encountered many challenges in twenty-century theoretical discussions,and postmodernism and deconstruction in particular have made literary history all but impossible in the West.Because world literature today remains the canonical works of Western literature,while much of the non-Western literatures and even“minor”"European literatures remain unknown and untranslated,a world history of literature is absolutely necessary to introduce the yet-unknown world literature to a global readership beyond the original linguistic and cultural milieux of those unknown literary works.Translating those yet-unknown works into English for a wider circulation is the first step to make world literature go beyond Eurocentrism,and writing a world history of literature will help us know the basic situation of the world's literary traditions from a truly global perspective.

Remembering Raymond Williams:His Theoretical Heritage to China’s World Literature and Culture Studies

Raymond Williams,the eminent British Marxist literary theorist,was introduced to China in the late 1980s.and his theories have since been increasingly attractive to China’s literary and cultural studies.He not only touched upon some of the fundamental issues of Marxist literary theory,such as ideology,culture,hegemony and aesthetics,but also developed it with his dynamic construction of a sort of cultural materialism,thus bridging between Marxist socio-historical and aesthetic criticism and cultural and linguistic factors.While literary and cultural theory is in decline in the West,Williams’s legacy is still appreciated in international circles,which ought to be cherished and inherited by us Chinese scholars in our studies of world literature and culture.

The Political and Social Influences of the West ‘Us’ in the Arab World ‘Others’

Western influence is the upshot of two centuries of Western dominance.Their position of power has undermined the prerogatives of many nations,which is evident in the West pushing certain political and cultural ideals.Their privileged and powerful political and cultural status and the superiority of their civilization led them to view the rest of the world as‘Others’,being politically,and culturally inferior.This is what made the West identify the policy and the economy in the world and impose the liberal democracy and the Western social and cultural patterns on‘others’,rendering them as parameters for civilization and political development.In this paper,we will focus on the influence of the West‘Us’on the Arab world‘Others’and the political and social effects it has had in the region.The current study is twofold.Firstly,we will look at the recent development of the Arab world in current events,which are largely driven by Western interference in the region.The second factor is the erosion of the Arab heritage amid the wide adoption of Western cultures,and its social and political impact.

如何合理重构文本中的虚构世界?——可能世界文学理论解答方案研究

如何合理重构虚构文本中的虚构世界呢?在可能世界文学理论产生之前,这个问题并未得到足够清晰而圆融的解答。可能世界文学理论认为:首先,虚构世界拥有其独立的本体地位和一定的独立自主性,这种观念保障了读者可以借助符号通道和文本信息处理的方式更为合理地重构其中的虚构世界;其次,读者遵循两种“内涵函数”的规则来重构文本中的虚构世界,其中“认证函数”确定该虚构世界中存在哪些“虚构事实”,“饱和函数”确定它们在虚构世界中的分布及密度;最后,读者还应遵循“再中心化”理论和“最小偏离原则”来填补文本虚构世界中的空白,进一步完善和丰富这个虚构世界。可能世界文学理论在解答读者如何合理重构文本中的虚构世界方面,提供了一个新颖有效的具体方案,但也存在某些尚需进一步斟酌的问题,值得学界关注和探讨。