Signal-to-noise ratio of lensless ghost interference with thermal incoherent light

Factors influencing the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of lensless ghost interference with thermal incoherent light are investigated. Our result shows that the SNR of lensless ghost interference is related to the transverse length of the object, the position of the object in the imaging system and the transverse size of the light source. Furthermore, the effects of these factors on the SNR are discussed in detail by numerical simulations.

Experimental Study on Interference Effect of Three Risers Arranged in Tandem with Variable Spacing Ratios

Taking the three-riser group arranged in tandem as the research subject,an experimental study was carried out on the risers arranged in tandem.The purpose is to explore the sensitivity of the dynamic response of each riser to spacing ratio and reveal the physical mechanism of riser groups under the interference effect.The spacing ratios of the adj acent risers are 4.0,5.0,6.0,and 8.0.At the spacing between the risers of 4.0D,the strong feedback effect increases the cross-flow(CF) displacement amplitude of the upstream riser.The shielding effect is the key factor affecting the interference effect on the midstream and downstream risers.At low reduced velocities,the shielding area initially appears,the displacement amplitude of the midstream and downstream risers varies greatly,the vibration of the two risers is still dominated by the first-order mode,and the transition between adjacent vibration modes is restrained.The multi-frequency superposition phenomenon is very significant at high reduced velocities.The most sensitive interference spacing under the test conditions is obtained.Due to the separation of the incoming flow and the double shielding effect of the upstream and midstream risers,the regular vortex-induced vibration in the wake area of the downstream riser is broken,and the vibration in the two directions is weakened.In general,the interference effect is more significant for the CF vibration of the three-riser groups than the in-line(IL) vibration.

A numerical investigation of gas flow behavior in two-layered coal seams considering interlayer interference and heterogeneity

Multiple-seam gas coproduction is a technology with potential to achieve economic targets.Physical experiments could replicate gas flow dynamics in two seams.In this study,numerical simulation was conducted based on physical experiments.Through calibration,the simulated results agreed with the experimental results.Three findings were obtained.First,the pressure distribution intrinsically depends on the depressurization effectiveness in each coal seam.The gas pressure difference and interval distance influence the pressure distribution by inhibiting depressurization in the top seams and bottom seams,respectively.Second,the production contribution shows a logarithmic relationship with the permeability ratio.The range of the production contribution difference grows from 11.24%to 99.99%when the permeability ratio increases 50 times.By comparison,reservoir pressure has a limited influence,with a maximum of 13.64%.Third,the interlayer interference of the top seams and bottom seams can be intensified by the reservoir pressure difference and the interval distance,respectively.The proposed model has been calibrated and verified and can be directly applied to engineering,serving as a reference for reservoir combination optimization.In summary,coal seams with a permeability ratio within 10,reservoir pressure difference within 1.50 MPa,and interval distances within 50 m are recommended to coproduce together.

New Technique for Estimating and Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DSSS Systems

A generalized approach for narrowband interference （NBI） suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum （DSSS） communication systems using adaptive infinite impulse response （IIR） filter is presented. The excision filter coefficients depend on both the jammer power and its instantaneous frequency. The dependency of the filter construction on the jammer power is significant as it allows optimal tradeoff between interference removal and signal distortion by maximizing the receiver signal to noise ratio improvement（SNRI）. Instead of traditional adaptive line enhancer （ALE） estimator, a preferable NBI estimator-Fourier interpolation estimator （FIE） is proposed. Closed-form expressions of the SNR improvement and theoretical bit error rate （BER） based on the assumption that the output of the correlator is Gaussian distributed are both derived. Performance results obtained by numerical simulation are also presented and compared with theoretical results.

Multi-Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Multiple Adaptive IIR Notch Filter with Lattice Structure

Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI), such as strong Continuous Wave Interferences (CWI), can influence the Quality of Service (QoS) of communications, increasing the Bit Error Rate (BER) and decreasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in any wireless transmission, including in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2) receiver. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm for detecting and mitigating a Multi-tone Continuous Wave Interference (MCWI) using a Multiple Adaptive Notch Filter (MANF), based on the lattice form structure. The Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) is constructed using the second-order IIR NF. The approach consists in developing a robust low-complexity algorithm for removing unknown MCWI. The MANF model is a multistage model, with each stage consisting of two ANFs: the adaptive IIR notch filter Hl(z) and the adaptive IIR notch filter HN(z), which can detect and mitigate CWI. In this model, the ANF is used for estimating the Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) and the frequency of the interference (w(0)) by using an LMS-based algorithm. The depth of the notch is then adjusted based on the estimation of the JSR. In contrast, the ANF HN(z) is used to mitigate the CW interference. Simulation results show that the proposed ANF is an effective method for eliminating/reducing the effects of MCWI, and yields better system performance than full suppression (kN=1) for low JSR values, and mostly the same performance for high JSR values. Moreover, the proposed can detect low and high JSR and track hopping frequency interference and provides better Bit error ratio (BER) performance compared to the case without an IIR notch filter.

Interference and Spectral Efficiency Analysis in Two-hop Cellular Network with Fixed Relays in FDD Mode

This paper presented a scheme of two-hop cellular network with fixed relay nodes (FRN). Based on this scheme, co-channel interference and signal interference ratio(SIR) received by base station(BS) and FRN were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the SIR can be improved significantly when relays are employed in the network. The higher spectral efficiency can be obtained due to the improved two-hop link quality through the use of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). The antenna height of FRN and the cell radius of BS and that of FRN influence SIR received by BS and FRN and the system spectral efficiency greatly. The proper antenna height of FRN and cell radius of BS and that of FRN were also given to get the highest spectral efficiency.

Interference Mitigation Techniques Using Receiver Processing and Resource Allocation

Heterogeneous network consists of the pico cells overlaid over the macro cell coverage area in a wireless cellular network. The pico cells are deployed to increase the capacity of the homogeneous network by reusing the spectrum further. However, more users will tend to be associated to the macro cell due to the fact that the transmit power of the pico cell is low. In order to increase the number of users associated to the pico cell, range extension techniques like biased association are used. This will cause severe interference to cell edge users of the pico cell from the macro cell causing degradation in throughput performance in the cell range extension area. In this paper, interference mitigation using receiver processing along with different scheduling techniques is proposed to improve the throughput, average delay, and the packet delivery ratio performance of the system. The performance comparison of the round robin, proportional fair and modified largest weighted delay first (MLWDF) algorithm for resource allocation using interference suppressing receiver is done, and analyzed. It is shown that the MLWDF algorithm achieves the highest throughput with minimum average delay of packets with the best delivery ratio.

Reliability analysis of diesel engine crankshaft based on 2D stress strength interference model

A 2D stress strength interference model (2D-SSIM) considering that the fatigue reliability of engineering structural components has close relationship to load asymmetric ratio and its variability to some extent is put forward. The principle, geo-metric schematic and limit state equation of this model are presented. Reliability evaluation for a kind of diesel engine crankshaft was made based on this theory, in which multi-axial loading fatigue criteria was employed. Because more important factors, i.e. stress asymmetric ratio and its variability, are considered, it theoretically can make more accurate evaluation for structural com-ponent reliability than the traditional interference model. Correspondingly, a Monte-Carlo Method simulation solution is also given. The computation suggests that this model can yield satisfactory reliability evaluation.

Inter-carrier Interference Analysis for MIMO-OFDM Systems in High-Speed Train Environment

The orthogonality between the subcarriers of multipleinput multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing( MIMO-OFDM) systems is destroyed due to the Doppler frequency offset,particularly in the high-speed train( HST) environment,which leads to severe inter-carrier interference( ICI). Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the mechanism and influence factor of ICI in HST environment. In this paper, by using a non-stationary geometry-based stochastic model( GBSM) for MIMO HST channels, ICI is analyzed through investigating the channel coefficients and the carrier-to-interference power ratio( CIR). It is a fact that most of signal energy spreads on itself and its several neighborhood subcarriers. By investigating the amplitude of subcarriers, CIR is used to evaluate the ICI power level. The simulation results show that the biggest impact factor for the CIR is the multipath number L and the minimum impact factor K; when the train speed υR> 400 km / h,the normalized Doppler frequency offset ε > 0. 35,the CIR tends to zero,and the communication quality will be very poor at this condition. Finally,bit error rate( BER) is investigated by simulating a specific channel environment.

Adaptive cancellation of Es layer interference using auxiliary horizontal antennas

Based on a dual-polarization high-frequency wave radar system, an adaptive system using horizontal antennas for the suppression of the Es layer interference （ELI） is deseribech The data received from the horizontal antennas were correlated with the data received from the Vertically Polarized Antennas （VPAs） to estimate and cancel the interference adaptively in the VPAs. Suppressing the interference after each coherent integration time interval, about 25 dB signal-to-interference ratio is expected with the experimentally derived data.

Interference Mitigation MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

The growing demand for wireless services coupled with the limited availability of suitable electromagnetic spectrum is increasing the need for more efficient RF spectrum utilization. Spectrum allocated to TV operators can potentially be shared by wireless data services, either when the primary service is switched off or by exploiting spatial reuse opportunities. This paper describes a dynamic spectrum access scheme for use in the TV bands which uses cognitive radio techniques to determine the spectrum availability. The approach allows secondary users (SU) to operate in the presence of the primary users (PU) and the OPNET simulation and modelling software has been used to model the performance of the scheme. An analysis of the results shows that the proposed scheme protects the primary users from harmful interference from the secondary users. In comparison with the 802.11 MAC protocol, the scheme improves spectrum utilization by about 27% while limiting the interference imposed on the primary receiver.

流气式低本底α/β测量仪的串道特征及干扰修正

研究了一系列α、β金属平面源、粉末源及薄层样法自制面源在流气式低本底α/β测量仪上的串道现象。结果显示:^(90)Sr-^(90)Y金属面源以及 ^(14)C,^(137)Cs,^(90)Sr-^(90)Y, ^(40)K粉末源β对α通道的串道比均在0.1%以下,基本可以忽略不计;α金属平面源串道比大小规律表现为 ^(210)Po<^(209)Po<^(239)Pu<^(239)Pu-^(241)Am混合源<241Am,范围为3.49%~25.4%,发射不同能量粒子的α金属源的串道比差异较大。由于衰变过程产生的内转换电子、俄歇电子以及X射线等在β道产生响应,241Am源的串道比明显高于其他源,241Am粉末源的串道比随单位面积质量厚度增加而增大。α粒子对β通道的串道现象较明显,并与样品制源方式有关,主要是不同制源方式造成的自吸收差异导致的,总体有α粉末源串道比>薄层样法自制α面源>α金属平面源,测量时应重点考虑α粒子对β放射性的串道干扰。通过210Po加标样及牡蛎样品经放化分析制成的电镀源验证,对待测样品源进行一定厚度的铝箔或纸片覆盖,可以有效的减小α粒子对β通道的串道干扰;也可以直接利用串道比对测量计数进行修正,此时需要考虑待测样品源和串道比刻度源的一致性,否则会导致修正结果的偏差较大。

基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络的GNSS干扰源定位技术

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)应用已全面深入到国家安全和国民经济当中,但由于GNSS信号到达地面后信号强度很弱,极易受到无意或有意的人为干扰。当出现压制干扰时会影响接收机正常工作,从而导致某一区域导航定位效果受到影响,因此对干扰源的排查和消除十分重要。针对上述压制干扰,通过在监测区域分布一定数量低成本接收机,利用其接收的载噪比数据特征实现干扰源的位置估计。考虑到信号传播过程中的衰减模型是非线性的,提出了基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)优化反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的干扰源定位方法,通过神经网络学习得到监测区域载噪比特征的复杂非线性关系,GA对神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化,最终在监测区域通过梯度下降法搜索出干扰源位置。结果表明,GA优化后的网络预测误差更小,能够初步定位干扰源位置且平均定位误差率(Average Localization Error Rate,ALER)约为0.23%,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。

智能反射面阵元互耦与共存干扰研究

智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,IRS)是由大量无源反射元件呈阵列排列构成的智能超表面,其阵元间距是相位控制的关键技术参数,在小于半波长时存在不可忽略的互耦效应。本文针对多网运营的应用环境,考虑IRS反射阵元之间存在相互耦合的情况,研究系统间共存干扰与阵元间距、工作频段、物理位置的关联关系。针对发射机、接收机和IRS之间自阻抗和互阻抗的建模需求,将互耦效应进行量化转换,以阻抗的形式将其数据化,结合阵元反射增益和相位参数的作用因素,建立了远场条件下基于阻抗电路的共存干扰传播模型。针对IRS接收,由发射天线电流与IRS互阻抗的乘积得到再辐射矩阵;针对IRS反射,由IRS负载电流与接收天线互阻抗的乘积得到接收端负载电压。应用阵元等效阻抗法,通过等效阻抗的可重构性,最大化有用信号的接收功率,推导得到信干比(Signal to Interference Ratio,SIR)的计算表达式。进一步分析了共存系统的工作频段、IRS反射单元间隔、IRS的反射阵元数量、IRS与非目标收发机之间距离等因素对共存干扰产生的影响。数值仿真表明互耦偏差随阵元间距减小而增大,半波长的偏差为28%;不同载频系统的SIR表明,共存干扰的互耦效应显著且不可忽略,高频系统对低频系统产生的共存干扰对信号传输质量影响更为显著。

杨氏干涉实验中双孔的振动对衬比度的影响

研究了杨氏干涉实验中双孔的振动对衬比度的影响.利用复振幅叠加方法给出了当两个孔做振动方向相反的简谐振动时一对双孔对任一场点、任意时刻的光强表达式,进而给出双孔做简谐振动时双孔的分布函数.利用分布函数得到干涉场的稳态分布,由光场的稳态分布得到衬比度,发现衬比度随位置呈一个振幅衰减的拉比振荡形式.

一种面向结构沉降的改进型FBG传感器

为了提高光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)型沉降传感器的灵敏度,降低在沉降过程中由于倾斜与温漂所造成的测量偏差,设计了一种面向结构沉降的改进型FBG传感器。该传感器将传统悬臂结构改为直拉结构,减少因沉降倾斜导致的测量误差;通过精确计算2组FBG的波长偏移量的比值,实现对沉降量的准确测量。测试结果表明:该传感器的应变响应量为5.2×10^(-5)ε/N,在0~50 mm内波长偏移量与沉降量成线性关系,其偏差均值优于0.69 mm,灵敏度均值为107.45 pm/mm;测试结果波动均低于1.0%,明显优于传统FBG传感器结构,验证了其具有更好的抗干扰能力。

一种基于改进NLMS的多雷达主瓣干扰抑制方法

远程探测场景下弹载主瓣干扰因与目标角度间隔小,单站抗干扰方法性能下降严重。多雷达通过合理布站可有效“分辨”目标和干扰,被认为是可有效抑制主瓣干扰的途径。针对当前多雷达抗主瓣干扰方法普遍存在收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于改进归一化最小均方(NLMS)的多雷达对消抗主瓣干扰方法,并通过理论推导给出了其应用条件。该方法通过定义消散因子实现对步长的自适应控制从而达到快速收敛的目的,仿真结果表明该方法在收敛速度及收敛后均方误差(MSE)上具有明显优势。最后通过外场试验进一步验证该方法的性能,在满足布站条件且干噪比≥30 dB的前提下,信噪比改善可达19 dB以上,具有较高的应用价值。

基于Duffing振子的伪码调相线性调频复合调制引信干扰设计

针对现代战场伪码调相与线性调频(LFM)复合调制引信干扰技术的迫切需求,在研究伪码调相与线性调频复合调制引信信号激励的Duffing振子输出信号特性的基础上,提出了基于Duffing振子阵列同步性和频率变化关系特性的复合调制引信参数估计方法,并在参数估计的基础上进一步提出了复合调制引信干扰波形的设计方案。在仿真与实验分析中,将基于Duffing振子的参数估计方法与典型复合调制引信信号参数估计方法进行对比,分析了基于所提参数估计方法重构出的干扰信号对复合调制引信的作用效果,并与传统欺骗式干扰方法进行半实物实验对比和验证。仿真与实验结果表明:所提参数估计方法在-35 dB信噪比(SNR)下能得到较高精度的参数估计结果,且重构出的引信干扰信号在-20 dB信噪比下优于其他传统的欺骗式干扰信号。

塞曼效应实验之虚拟仿真与电脑辅助对比分析

塞曼效应实验通过测量汞绿光在磁场中分裂谱线的波长差计算电子的荷质比。电脑辅助版塞曼效应实验利用CCD图像采集卡将法布里-珀罗标准具等倾干涉图像采集到电脑,再利用塞曼效应实验分析软件对图像进行处理,测出光分裂的谱线波长差,计算出电子荷质比。虚拟仿真型塞曼效应实验则是利用科大奥锐提供的虚拟仿真实验系统,从实验仪器的摆放、调试到测量及数据处理,实现对塞曼效应实验的全程模拟仿真。电脑辅助版塞曼效应实验克服了过去手工测量的诸多缺陷,但并没有解决所有不足,还带来一些新问题。塞曼效应虚拟仿真实验几乎解决了传统塞曼效应实验所遇到的所有问题,只要必要的步骤操作到位,就可以得到理想的实验结果。通过研究分析,深刻认识到两种实验方式相互不能完全替代,但可以作为有益补充。

一种适用于卫星通信的自适应窄带干扰抑制方法

针对卫星通信系统中的抗干扰问题,提出一种能够根据干扰变化自适应调整策略的干扰抑制方法。该方法通过子带分割、按功率排序、依次陷波等方式进行陷波,然后对比陷波前后信号信噪比的增益,从而确定信噪比增益最大时所对应的子带陷波个数,最终得到信噪比增益最高也即性能最优的陷波方式。该方法不需要预先进行干扰检测,也不需要寻找和设置门限阈值,就可以对多种类型干扰进行自适应陷波,从而达到有效抑制包含单音、窄带、梳状或部分频带等不同干扰的目的,能够显著改善链路的通信性能,提高通信系统的抗干扰能力。