Research on Deformation and Force of Bridge Pile Foundation on High and Steep Slope in Mountainous Area

With the rapid development of my country’s economy, the demand for infrastructure construction is also increasing. However, in most areas of China, the terrains are mountainous and hilly. Some projects have to be built on steep slopes. Choosing viaducts or half-bridges on high-steep slopes is not only conducive to the protection of the surrounding environment, but also conducive to the stability of the slope. Bridges usually choose the form of pile foundation-high pier bridge. This paper uses numerical simulation to study and analyze the bridge pile foundation of the slope section. Relying on actual engineering, use the finite element software ABAQUS6.14 to establish a three-dimensional finite element model to study the bearing mechanism and mechanical characteristics of the pile foundation under vertical load, horizontal load and inclined load, discuss the influence of the nature of the soil around the pile and the stiffness of the pile body on the deformation and internal force of the bridge pile foundation in the slope section. The analysis results show that the horizontal load has a great influence on the horizontal displacement of the pile, but has a small influence on the vertical displacement, and the vertical load is just the opposite. Inclined load has obvious “p-Δ” effect. The increase in soil elastic modulus and pile stiffness will reduce the displacement of the pile foundation, but after reaching a certain range, the displacement of the pile foundation will tend to be stable. Therefore, in actual engineering, if the displacement of the pile foundation fails to meet the requirements, the hardness of the soil and the stiffness of the pile can be appropriately increased, but not blindly.

Response of carrying capacity of piles induced by adjacent Metro tunneling

Construction of tunnels in urban areas requires assessment of the impact of tunneling on the stability and integrity of existing pile foundations. We have focused our attention to the analysis of the carrying capacity of pile foundations provided by the impact of construction of urban tunnels on adjacent pile foundations, under the engineering background of the construction of the # 2 Line of the Guangzhou subway. It is carried out using a fast Lagrangian analysis of a continuum in a 3D numerical code, which is an elastoplastic three-dimensional finite difference model, to simulate the response of piles under the entire process of metro tunneling （deactivation of soil element and activation of the lining）. The adjacent stratum around the tunnel is classified into three regions： Zone Ⅰ （upper adjacent stratum of tunnel）, Zone Ⅱ （45°-upper-lateral adjacent stratum of tunnel） and Zone Ⅲ （lateral adjacent stratum of tunnel）. In each region one typical pile is chosen to be calculated and analyzed in detail. Numerical simulations are mainly conducted at three points of each pile shaft： the side-friction force of the pile, the tip resistance of the pile and the axial loading of the pile. A contrasting analysis has been conducted both in the response of typical piles in different regions and from computer calculated values with site monitoring values. The results of numerical simulations show that the impact on carrying capacity of the piles lies mainly in the impact of construction of urban tunnels on the side-friction forces and the tip resistance of piles. The impact differs considerably among the different strata zones where the pile tips are located. The complicated rules of side-friction force and tip resistance of piles has resulted in complicated rules of pile axial loading thus, in the end, it impacts the carrying capacity of pile-foundations. It is necessary to take positive measures, such as stratum grouting stabilization or foundation underpinning, etc, to deal with the carrying capacity and the settlement of pile-foundations. The results are of value to similar engineering projects.

A case study on behaviors of composite soil nailed wall with bored piles in a deep excavation

A complete case of a deep excavation was explored. According to the practical working conditions, a 3D non-linear finite element procedure is used to simulate a deep excavation supported by the composite soil nailed wall with bored piles in soft soil. The modified cam clay model is employed as the constitutive relationship of the soil in the numerical simulation. Results from the numerical analysis are fitted well with the field data, which indicate that the research approach used is reliable. Based on the field data and numerical results of the deep excavation supported by four different patterns of the composite soil nailed wall, the significant corner effect is founded in the 3D deep excavation. If bored piles or soil anchors are considered in the composite soil nailed wall, they are beneficial to decreasing deformations and internal forces of bored piles, cement mixing piles, soil anchors, soil nailings and soil around the deep excavation. Besides, the effects due to bored piles are more significant than those deduced from soil anchors. All mentioned above prove that the composite soil nailed wall with bored piles is feasible in the deep excavation.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Structure Interaction between Flow and Steel Pipe Pile Platform in Deep Water

In this paper, the two-way coupling of flow and steel pipe pile platform is simulated by ANSYS Workbench. Taking the construction platform in the deep water area of the Yangtze River Estuary as an example, the stress and deformation characteristics of the steel pipe pile platform under current force are analyzed in detail. As a result, it is suggested the platform piles should be arranged regularly and the connected node de-sign of the platform structure should be strengthened to ensure the safety.

WAVE CURRENT FORCES ON THE PILE GROUP OF BASE FOUNDATION FOR THE EAST SEA BRIDGE, CHINA

On the basis of the two structures of the bridge foundation designed for the East Sea Bridge, the wave current forces on four types of oblique piles, the pile group and the single piles at different positions in the pile group considering the effect of the super structures were experimentally investigated. The relationship between the wave current forces and the associated wave parameters, and the comparison of the wave current forces on the pile groups and the single piles were systematically analyzed. The group effectiveness and the reduction coefficient for the wave current forces on the group were examined for engineering design.

基于差分法的双排抗滑桩结构内力计算

为研究有连梁双排抗滑桩快速有效的内力计算模型,在对有连梁双排桩进行受力分析的基础上,将有连梁双排抗滑桩结构简化为在桩顶连系梁零弯矩处断开的2根单桩结构,通过对双排桩受力进行叠加得到前后排桩桩顶连梁传递的弯矩与剪力,基于有限差分法建立了有连梁双排抗滑桩受荷段、嵌固段全桩内力计算模型,进而对有连梁双排抗滑桩桩体内力进行了计算。同时,通过大型室内模型试验内力实测结果对所计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明:(1)模型试验结果与所建计算模型得到的桩顶位移与桩身弯矩值吻合较好,说明简化计算模型具有一定的适用性;(2)二者的后排桩最大弯矩出现位置略有偏差,计算得到的最大弯矩位置更接近实际桩体破坏位置,进一步验证了全桩内力计算模型的可靠性;(3)所建有限差分计算模型避免了将受荷段与嵌固段利用连续条件进行迭代的复杂运算过程,大大提升了计算效率,为实际工程提供了一种快速高效的有连梁双排桩内力计算方法。

考虑嵌固段桩前土体弹塑性变形的锚索微型桩群计算模型研究

锚索微型桩群在中小型边坡治理及边坡紧急抢险工程中的应用越来越广泛,但现有的计算模型对嵌固段桩前土体塑性变形及桩侧土体受力变形连续性考虑较少。针对这一问题,首先根据锚索微型桩群加固土质边坡的特点,以潜在滑裂面位置为分界线,将微型桩群分为受荷段与嵌固段进行分析。对于受荷段,将桩间土简化为水平土弹簧,有效考虑桩间土力的传递作用;对于嵌固段,采用理想弹塑性p-y曲线分析桩-土相互作用。其次,将冠梁处预应力锚索简化为弹性支座,将其作用力转移至后排桩桩顶,再由桩顶冠梁重分配至各排桩桩顶处,从而达到对桩顶位移的约束作用。最后,以帕斯捷尔纳克(Pasternak)双参数地基梁法为基础,建立考虑嵌固段桩前土体弹塑性变形及桩侧土体受力变形连续性的锚索微型桩群有限差分计算模型,并迭代求解得到该结构的水平位移与内力。利用该计算模型分别对微型桩群与锚索微型桩群加固土质边坡进行算例计算,与试验、数值模拟结果对比分析,验证该模型的合理性,并探讨土体剪切刚度、锚索束及桩径对该锚索微型桩群水平位移与内力的影响。研究表明:嵌固段桩前土体塑性变形及桩侧土体受力变形连续性对微型桩的水平位移与内力有较大影响;随着锚索束的增加,桩身最大正弯矩及水平位移均不断减小,可通过增设锚索束达到控制桩身变形与内力的目的。

高层建筑迫降法纠倾方案研究

建筑物因勘察、设计、施工或环境等不良因素影响,导致不均匀沉降,从而产生超过规范允许范围的倾斜。而高层建筑纠倾工程技术难度大、风险高。结合工程实例,通过对现有技术资料分析得出倾斜的原因,并根据工程实际情况,提出桩侧射水扰动迫降纠倾方案,对迫降法的原理、方案设计和施工工艺流程进行了介绍,可为类似工程提供参考。

海上试桩不同桩型承载力特性研究

天津南港某高桩码头拟建场地有深厚密实砂层,通过试桩测定设计桩型对砂层的穿透及贯入能力,研究不同基桩承载力特性。试验结果表明:混凝土预制桩及钢管桩均有较好的穿透及贯入能力;基桩轴向极限承载力高应变检测结果小于静载试验,误差均在5%以内;混凝土预制桩桩端承载力占总承载力不小于44.6%,钢管桩桩端承载力占总承载力不小于21.9%;相同荷载作用下,混凝土预制方桩静载与动载沉降量之比为1.40,钢管桩为0.90,两者差异明显;基桩承载力达到极值时桩侧摩阻力要明显大于规范极限侧摩阻力,规范取值偏保守。

桩锚支护越冬基坑抗冻胀性能分析

为解决桩锚支护基坑的越冬问题,对该类基坑负温状态下的抗冻胀性能进行研究。可为实际工程中越冬基坑的桩锚支护设计提供参考依据。考虑锚杆的预应力、层数、间距及锚固长度等因素,运用FLCA^(3D)软件在负温状态下对桩锚支护基坑进行数值模拟研究,分析桩侧冻胀力及桩体位移的变化规律。结果表明锚杆预应力对基坑桩体水平位移影响非常显著,随基坑深度增加,桩侧冻胀力呈增-减-增趋势;随锚杆层数增加,桩体水平位移逐渐减小,而桩侧冻胀力逐渐增大;锚杆竖向间距对桩体的水平位移及桩侧冻胀力的影响较小,桩体水平位移越小,桩侧冻胀力越大;桩体水平位移及桩侧冻胀力随锚固长度增加而增大。研究结果可为桩锚支护越冬基坑的设计和应用提供指导和参考。

软土中单侧边载作用下桩基负摩阻力研究

软土中因土体压缩性较高,在边载状况下易产生桩基负摩阻力,从而对工程产生安全隐患。本文通过有限元法对软土中受边载作用的桩基础所受到的桩基负摩阻力进行数值模拟,分析了不同边载等级、不同边载位距对软土中桩基负摩阻力、中性点位置和桩身轴力的影响。结果表明,在边载等级增加时,软土中桩身轴力有明显上升趋势,并随桩体埋深增加呈非线性趋势增长,而桩基负摩阻力随深度变化呈现非线性减小的趋势,桩体的下拉力增加,边载效应增强;同等级边载效应时,当边载与桩基之间的距离增加时,软土中桩基负摩阻力逐渐减小,中性点位置位于桩体靠近底部位置处,并随边载位置改变而受到一定影响。

大直径嵌岩灌注桩竖向承载特性试验研究

为了探讨泥岩地基大直径灌注桩竖向承载性能,依托青岛某机场桩基工程,对嵌入泥岩的9根大直径灌注桩进行了竖向抗压静载试验和桩身应力监测,分析大直径嵌岩灌注桩的竖向抗压性能,明确大直径灌注桩的荷载传递规律。结果表明,试桩桩身完整性较好,桩身质量可靠;试桩荷载沉降(Q-s)曲线均为缓变型,加载初期存在明显的压密段,桩顶沉降量为10.31 mm,最低回弹率大于50%;最大荷载作用下,各试桩的竖向抗压极限承载力特征值均不小于6480 kN,试桩竖向抗压承载能力仍有较大潜力;试桩均表现出端承摩擦桩的特性,轴力自桩顶到桩端逐渐衰减,桩侧摩阻力峰值发生在中风化泥岩段,桩端阻力占桩顶荷载的10.55%~34.48%。

树根桩与预应力桩联合加固边坡稳定分析

目前对树根桩与预应力桩联合加固边坡的研究相对较少,对其稳定性与敏感性的分析也不够深入。以徐州奎河边坡加固工程为例,基于强度折减方法,利用FLAC3D软件建立数值模型,分析树根桩与预应力桩联合加固边坡的稳定性及桩体受力与变形情况,并与预应力桩加固、树根桩加固、不加固3种方案进行对比分析,最后通过正交试验分析树根桩与预应力桩联合加固后边坡稳定性影响因素的敏感性。结果表明,采用树根桩与预应力桩联合加固边坡时:(1)比其他加固方案的边坡水平位移与支护桩水平位移更小,安全系数更高,达到了较好的加固效果;(2)边坡潜在滑动面为绕过坡脚的经过土岩交界处的深层滑动面,边坡下滑力主要由预应力桩承担;(3)边坡安全系数对各影响因素的敏感性顺序为预应力桩边长>树根桩桩长>预应力桩桩间距>预应力桩桩长>树根桩桩间距>树根桩直径。研究结果可为类似工程设计提供参考依据。

岩土成层条件下抗滑桩计算的改进有限差分法

滑坡治理工程中抗滑桩可能布置于层状土层、层状岩层,或岩、土成层等各种地质条件下,现行规范对于该问题建议将成层地基按加权平均法换算成等效的当量地基系数,但对于地层差异性较大的岩土成层地基其适用性有待研究。为解决这一问题,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论建立抗滑桩受荷段、嵌固段整体受荷分析模型,采用改进有限差分法提出抗滑桩全桩内力求解的统一矩阵运算式,避免常规有限差分方法将桩身分为受荷段和嵌固段及利用滑面处连续性条件求解的复杂迭代过程;基于2个边坡工程抗滑桩治理案例,证明改进有限差分法对岩土成层条件下抗滑桩分析的可靠性,计算用时仅需1.2 s左右,相比已有方法进一步提高抗滑桩分析设计的计算效率。

深基坑开挖过程中立柱隆起问题数值模拟分析

深基坑开挖过程中立柱、立柱桩会产生隆起,相邻立柱间的过大差异隆沉对内支撑体系稳定性产生不利影响。结合郑州地区某深基坑工程,采用有限元法计算分析了立柱及立柱桩的隆起问题,深入探讨了基坑开挖过程中立柱隆起、立柱桩工作特性的变化规律,分析了立柱隆起对支撑体系内力的影响规律。计算结果表明,立柱隆起主要受基底土体隆起变形的控制,并随着基坑开挖深度的增加而增大;立柱桩越长,立柱隆起量就越小,增加立柱桩桩长是降低立柱隆起量的有效措施,但同时也会增大桩身拉应力;立柱隆起会显著改变支撑体系的内力分布规律,且立柱过大的差异沉降会显著增大支撑体系的内力。工程设计时,建议合理选择立柱桩桩长来控制立柱隆起,避免相邻立柱桩桩长出现过大差别。

桩网复合地基离心模型试验中桩顶轴力测试方法研究

桩网复合地基是常见的软土加固措施。在开展桩网复合地基离心模型试验时,为了分析桩土应力比,需要测量桩顶轴力和桩间土压力。微型土压力计在离心模型试验中已经得到广泛应用,但尚无成熟的微型桩顶轴力测试传感器。利用模型桩的桩帽,开发了一种离心模型试验专用桩顶轴力测试方法,标定结果显示该方法测试线性度好。通过某桩网复合地基离心模型试验和数值分析的桩土应力比结果对比分析,验证了该方法的测试效果。

隔离式螺旋桩抗压承载与抗地基冻融特性

基于针对竖向承载并消除地基冻融影响需求所设计的隔离式螺旋桩,结合物理模型试验与有限元数值方法,从桩体受力视角对比揭示了两种特征螺旋桩(S/D<S/D_(cr)与S/D≥S/D_(cr))受压沉降时桩身受力演化、荷载传递与地基响应特征,以及桩体几何参数对单桩承载力的影响规律及机理;验证了该新型桩抵抗地基冻融变形性能。结果表明:(1)两种特征桩型底螺旋及以下桩身在受荷沉降过程具有相同受力及演化特征,而其余上部螺旋端阻和螺旋间桩侧摩阻大小及演化特征差异显著。(2)S/D≥S/D_(cr)桩各螺旋端阻相当,且螺旋对下卧土施加附加应力显著提高了其下桩侧摩阻力,并主导了螺旋间桩侧摩阻自上而下近指数衰减趋势;S/D<S/D_(cr)桩上部螺旋端阻仅约为1/5底螺旋端阻。(3)两种特征桩型单桩承载力随顶螺旋埋深比、螺旋直径与螺旋数量增长线性提升,随中心桩桩径增长先线性增大后加速衰减,桩型参数对S/D≥S/D_(cr)桩承载力影响更显著;S/D<S/D_(cr)桩承载力随S/D增长显著提升,相反S/D≥S/D_(cr)桩承载力线性衰减。(4)螺旋桩较传统桩具有显著抗地基冻融变形影响优势,在冻土深度内设置隔离套可进一步消除影响。

南海内孤立波的演变特性及对结构物的作用力

针对内孤立波引发的高强度流场易影响海洋平台正常工作的问题,本文基于南海北部陆架区获得的高质量的海流和温盐数据,对观测海区内孤立波的演变特征进行了研究。研究结果显示:观测海区内孤立波活动频繁,且具有明显的第一模态下凹型内孤立波特征。内孤立波经过时,在50~100 m以上的上层诱发了较强的西向流速,其大小接近0.44 m/s,在深度超过100 m则为东向补偿流为主,东向补偿流的量值与西向流相比较小。在垂向上,波前的水体向下流动,波后的水体则向上流动,最大垂向流速可达0.2 m/s。内孤立波引起的向下的等温线的起伏达到50 m。此外,基于计算流体力学软件Fluent对观测海区内孤立波进行模拟,并计算内孤立波对桩柱的作用力。结果表明:数值模拟得到的内孤立波与实测内孤立波吻合较好,内孤立波对桩柱的水平作用力和垂向作用力主要受到压差力的影响,且以水平作用力占主导,上层桩柱受力为-60 kN,下层桩柱受力为20 kN。本文研究结果不仅对陆架区内孤立波的特征有进一步的认识,同时对南海内孤立波的预报及对海洋结构物设计等具有一定的指导价值。

硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系受力与变形特性实测分析

为探究硬岩地层超深基坑桩锚支护体系随基坑开挖的受力与变形演化规律,依托于崂山公卫中心基坑支护工程,对南侧支护完成区域基坑的预应力锚索轴力、基坑水平和竖向位移进行了实时监测,分析桩锚支护体系在该地质条件下的力学性能,探讨锚索轴力急速下降与基坑水平位移增大的影响因素。研究表明:预应力锚索轴力持续、急速的下降与基坑紧邻原状山体的土压力和北侧后挖区域的持续施工有关,工程中采取预应力锚索2次补偿张拉适用效果良好;基坑最大水平位移为19.98 mm,最大竖向位移为12.11 mm,南侧支护完成区域基坑支护体系的变形受后续施工区域的影响明显;桩锚支护体系在硬岩及土岩二元地层超深基坑中具有较好的适用性和可靠性。类似工程支护结构设计应重视周边地质环境、邻近区域持续施工等因素的影响。

大面积堆载对临近桩基力学性能的影响

码头堆场的地基通常较为软弱,当在堆场附近有重要的建(构)筑物时,为保证建筑物结构安全,须评估大面积堆载对临近基桩力学性能的影响,包含基桩位移和桩身内力,但现行规范对此未作规定。本文利用经典Boussinesq应力位移解为基础,推导出计算任意荷载作用下土体位移和应力的方法,自编相应的计算程序,并利用土体的位移和应力间接计算桩身的变形和内力。以某煤棚项目为例,采用上述方法计算煤堆荷载作用下桩顶位移和桩身内力,结果表明基桩的最大侧移满足规范要求,桩身轴力和弯矩较大,桩身强度验算需考虑上述荷载产生的桩身内力。采用本计算方法可以方便计算任何荷载下基桩的位移和内力,计算较准确,可为类似的项目提供参考。