Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an imp...Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an important source of artifacts from the ancient Sichuan civilization, and Sichuan province, the land of abundance, is the cradle and base of ping-pong. Chengdu has been connected to展开更多
Energy security is an issue that many countries pay more attention to. Cooperation is a good way to solute it. According to the complex system theory, the regional energy cooperation means a state or process of balanc...Energy security is an issue that many countries pay more attention to. Cooperation is a good way to solute it. According to the complex system theory, the regional energy cooperation means a state or process of balance system formed by the interaction and behavior coordination between agents. The features of the regional energy cooperation risk include: uncertainty, potential, fuzziness, diversity, relevance and particularity. And the regional energy cooperation risk can be divided into risk inside the system such as main body ability structure of the risk and main body decision-making risk, and the risk outside the system such as external environment factors and cooperation pattern factors.展开更多
China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the exi...China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.展开更多
This article first presents an overview of the Internationa] Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP’95) and briefly introduce Chinese research achievements in the discipline. It highlights the necessity and impo...This article first presents an overview of the Internationa] Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP’95) and briefly introduce Chinese research achievements in the discipline. It highlights the necessity and importance of international cooperation in the HEP community of the world.展开更多
In terms of energy supply, the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated China’s international cooperation and has shaped, via that cooperation, the focus upon clean energy and low-carbon innovation.Under the Belt and...In terms of energy supply, the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated China’s international cooperation and has shaped, via that cooperation, the focus upon clean energy and low-carbon innovation.Under the Belt and Road framework, the market will play an increased role as multilateral organizations engage in new models of international energy cooperation. As the largest energy consumer and public goods provider, China’s transition in energy cooperation will profoundly impact regional energy security and development. The economic growth of partners will also enhance results.展开更多
The internal energy U of the real, neutral-gas particles of total mass M in the volume V can have positive and negative values, whose regions are identified in the state chart of the gas. Depending on the relations am...The internal energy U of the real, neutral-gas particles of total mass M in the volume V can have positive and negative values, whose regions are identified in the state chart of the gas. Depending on the relations among gas temperature T, pressure p and mass-specific volume v=V/M, the mass exists as a uniform gas of freely-moving particles having positive values U or as more or less structured matter with negative values U. In the regions U>0?above the critical point [Tc , pc , vc] it holds that p(T,v)>pc and v>vc, and below the critical point it holds that p(T,v)c and v>vv , where vv is the mass-specific volume of saturated vapor. In the adjacent regions with negative internal energy values Uc is the line of equal positive and negative energy contributions and thus represents a line of vanishing internal energy ?U=0. At this level along the critical isochor the ever present microscopic fluctuations in energy and density become macroscopic fluctuations as the pressure decreases on approaching the critical point;these are to be observed in experiments on the critical opalescence. Crossing the isochor vc from U>0 to UΔU>0 happens without any discontinuity. The saturation line vv also separates the regions between U>0 and U , but does not represent a line U=0. The internal-energy values of saturated vapor Uv and condensate Ui can be determined absolutely as functions of vapor pressure p and densities (M/V)v and (M/V)i , repectively, yielding the results Uiv, U=Ui+Uvc and U=Ui=Uv=0 at the critical point. Crossing the line Vv from U=Uv>0 to U=Uv+UiΔU=-Ui>0 to be removed from the particle system. The thermodynamic and quantum-mechanical formulations of the internal energy of a particle system only agree if both the macroscopic and microscopic energy scales have the same absolute energy reference value 0. Arguments for the energy reference value in the state of transition from bound to freely- moving particles in macroscopic classical and microscopic quantum particle systems are discussed.展开更多
Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion ...Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion of practices for sustainable development in the fields of architecture and urban planning, contributing to the improvement of new skills and economic and production activities, while also reducing the environmental impact of construction on the territory. An international cooperation can lead an exchange of experiences and practices, which could play a fundamental role since countries can have similar problems to deal with, as it happens for the specific identity of the Mediterranean territory in coastal and rural areas. This paper analyses a case of international cooperation, the project SCORE, “Sustainable COnstruction in Rural and fragile areas for energy Efficiency”, financed under the European MED Programme with the purpose to promote sustainable energy policies in the construction sector on fragile coastal and rural Mediterranean areas.展开更多
How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreement...How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.展开更多
This article briefly covers the current situation of Sino-Central Asian relations in different dimensions,especially,economic and investments cooperation area in the framework of international organization such as the...This article briefly covers the current situation of Sino-Central Asian relations in different dimensions,especially,economic and investments cooperation area in the framework of international organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.The possibilities of New Silk road concept to be a part of projects of the SCO boosting investments in transportation infrastructure of CAR states.Also,this article describes main positions of the Chinese energy security strategy and its views on CAR`s oil and gas industry.展开更多
文摘Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an important source of artifacts from the ancient Sichuan civilization, and Sichuan province, the land of abundance, is the cradle and base of ping-pong. Chengdu has been connected to
文摘Energy security is an issue that many countries pay more attention to. Cooperation is a good way to solute it. According to the complex system theory, the regional energy cooperation means a state or process of balance system formed by the interaction and behavior coordination between agents. The features of the regional energy cooperation risk include: uncertainty, potential, fuzziness, diversity, relevance and particularity. And the regional energy cooperation risk can be divided into risk inside the system such as main body ability structure of the risk and main body decision-making risk, and the risk outside the system such as external environment factors and cooperation pattern factors.
文摘China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.
文摘This article first presents an overview of the Internationa] Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP’95) and briefly introduce Chinese research achievements in the discipline. It highlights the necessity and importance of international cooperation in the HEP community of the world.
文摘In terms of energy supply, the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated China’s international cooperation and has shaped, via that cooperation, the focus upon clean energy and low-carbon innovation.Under the Belt and Road framework, the market will play an increased role as multilateral organizations engage in new models of international energy cooperation. As the largest energy consumer and public goods provider, China’s transition in energy cooperation will profoundly impact regional energy security and development. The economic growth of partners will also enhance results.
文摘The internal energy U of the real, neutral-gas particles of total mass M in the volume V can have positive and negative values, whose regions are identified in the state chart of the gas. Depending on the relations among gas temperature T, pressure p and mass-specific volume v=V/M, the mass exists as a uniform gas of freely-moving particles having positive values U or as more or less structured matter with negative values U. In the regions U>0?above the critical point [Tc , pc , vc] it holds that p(T,v)>pc and v>vc, and below the critical point it holds that p(T,v)c and v>vv , where vv is the mass-specific volume of saturated vapor. In the adjacent regions with negative internal energy values Uc is the line of equal positive and negative energy contributions and thus represents a line of vanishing internal energy ?U=0. At this level along the critical isochor the ever present microscopic fluctuations in energy and density become macroscopic fluctuations as the pressure decreases on approaching the critical point;these are to be observed in experiments on the critical opalescence. Crossing the isochor vc from U>0 to UΔU>0 happens without any discontinuity. The saturation line vv also separates the regions between U>0 and U , but does not represent a line U=0. The internal-energy values of saturated vapor Uv and condensate Ui can be determined absolutely as functions of vapor pressure p and densities (M/V)v and (M/V)i , repectively, yielding the results Uiv, U=Ui+Uvc and U=Ui=Uv=0 at the critical point. Crossing the line Vv from U=Uv>0 to U=Uv+UiΔU=-Ui>0 to be removed from the particle system. The thermodynamic and quantum-mechanical formulations of the internal energy of a particle system only agree if both the macroscopic and microscopic energy scales have the same absolute energy reference value 0. Arguments for the energy reference value in the state of transition from bound to freely- moving particles in macroscopic classical and microscopic quantum particle systems are discussed.
文摘Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion of practices for sustainable development in the fields of architecture and urban planning, contributing to the improvement of new skills and economic and production activities, while also reducing the environmental impact of construction on the territory. An international cooperation can lead an exchange of experiences and practices, which could play a fundamental role since countries can have similar problems to deal with, as it happens for the specific identity of the Mediterranean territory in coastal and rural areas. This paper analyses a case of international cooperation, the project SCORE, “Sustainable COnstruction in Rural and fragile areas for energy Efficiency”, financed under the European MED Programme with the purpose to promote sustainable energy policies in the construction sector on fragile coastal and rural Mediterranean areas.
文摘How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.
文摘This article briefly covers the current situation of Sino-Central Asian relations in different dimensions,especially,economic and investments cooperation area in the framework of international organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.The possibilities of New Silk road concept to be a part of projects of the SCO boosting investments in transportation infrastructure of CAR states.Also,this article describes main positions of the Chinese energy security strategy and its views on CAR`s oil and gas industry.
