The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to ...The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to modulate its catalytic HOR performance,but at the cost of mass activity due to the coverage of modifiers on Pt surface.Herein,we constructed dual junctions'Pt/nitrogen-doped carbon(Pt/NC)andδ-MoC/NC to modify electronic structure of Pt via interfacial electron transfer to acquire Pt-MoC@NC catalyst with electron-deficient Pt nanoparticles,simultaneously endowing it with high mass activity and durability of alkaline HOR.Moreover,the unique structure of Pt-MoC@NC endows Pt with a high COtolerance at 1,000 ppm CO/H_(2),a quality that commercial Pt-C catalyst lacks.The theoretical calculations not only confirm the diffusion of electrons from Pt/NC to Mo C/NC could occur,but also demonstrate the negative shift of Pt d-band center for the optimized binding energies of*H,*OH and CO.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers....This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)component arising in the gastroesophageal junctional(GEJ)region is rare and even rarer in young patients.Here,we report such a case in a 29-yea...BACKGROUND Early adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)component arising in the gastroesophageal junctional(GEJ)region is rare and even rarer in young patients.Here,we report such a case in a 29-year-old Chinese man.CASE SUMMARY This patient presented to our hospital with a 3-mo history of dysphagia and regurgitation.Upper endoscopy revealed an elevated nodule in the distal esophagus 1.6 cm above the GEJ line,without Barrett’s esophagus or involvement of the gastric cardia.The nodule was completely resected by endoscopic submu-cosal dissection(ESD).Pathological examination confirmed diagnosis of intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma mixed with an NEC component,measuring 1.5 cm.Immunohistochemically,both adenocarcinoma and NEC components were positive for P53 with a Ki67 index of 90%;NEC was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin.Next-generation sequencing of 196 genes demonstrated a novel germline mutation of the ERCC3 gene in the DNA repair pathway and a germline mutation of the RNF43 gene,a common gastric cancer driver gene,in addition to pathogenic somatic mutations in P53 and CHEK2 genes.The patient was alive without evidence of the disease 36 mo after ESD.CONCLUSION Early adenocarcinoma with an NEC component arising in the distal esophageal side of the GEJ region showed evidence of gastric origin.展开更多
With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2...With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2D materials,knowledge of 2D electrical transport and carrier dynamics still in its infancy.Thus,here we highlighted the electrical characteristics of 2D materials with electronic band structure,electronic transport,dielectric constant,carriers mobility.The atomic thinness of 2D materials makes substantially scaled field-effect transistors(FETs)with reduced short-channel effects conceivable,even though strong carrier mobility required for high performance,low-voltage device operations.We also discussed here about factors affecting 2D materials which easily enhanced the activity of those materials for various applications.Presently,Those 2D materials used in state-of-the-art electrical and optoelectronic devices because of the extensive nature of their electronic band structure.2D materials offer unprecedented freedom for the design of novel p-n junction device topologies in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductors.We also,describe the numerous 2D p-n junctions,such as homo junction and hetero junction including mixed dimensional junctions.Finally,we talked about the problems and potential for the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has not been established.AIM To investigate the optimal stage classification ...BACKGROUND Stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has not been established.AIM To investigate the optimal stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ AEG with NAC.METHODS A nomogram was established based on Cox regression model that analyzed variables associated with overall survival(OS)and disease-specific survival(DSS).The nomogram performance in terms of discrimination and calibration ability was evaluated using the likelihood-ratio test,Akaike information criterion,Harrell concordance index,time-receiver operating characteristic curve,and decision curve analysis.RESULTS Data from 725 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and gastrectomy were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that sex,marital status,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors of OS,whereas sex,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors for DSS.These factors were incorporated into the OS and DSS nomograms.Our novel nomogram model performed better in terms of OS and DSS prediction compared to the 8th American Joint Committee of Cancer pathological staging system for esophageal and gastric cancer.Finally,a user-friendly web application was developed for clinical use.CONCLUSION The nomogram established specifically for patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG receiving NAC demonstrated good prognostic performance.Validation using external data is warranted before its widespread clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction(EGJ)carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function,thereby provi...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction(EGJ)carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function,thereby providing patients with better treatment outcomes and quality of life.Nonetheless,this surgical technique also presents some challenges and limitations.Therefore,three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology(3D RVT)has been introduced into the procedure,providing doctors with more comprehensive and intuitive anatomical information that helps with surgical planning,navigation,and outcome evaluation.AIM To discuss the application and advantages of 3D RVT in precise laparoscopic resection of EGJ carcinomas.METHODS Data were obtained from the electronic or paper-based medical records at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2020 to June 2022.A total of 120 patients diagnosed with EGJ carcinoma were included in the study.Of these,68 underwent laparoscopic resection after computed tomography(CT)-enhanced scanning and were categorized into the 2D group,whereas 52 underwent laparoscopic resection after CT-enhanced scanning and 3D RVT and were categorized into the 3D group.This study had two outcome measures:the deviation between tumor-related factors(such as maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length)in 3D RVT and clinical reality,and surgical outcome indicators(such as operative time,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,R0 resection rate,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative gas discharge time,drainage tube removal time,and related complications)between the 2D and 3D groups.RESULTS Among patients included in the 3D group,27 had a maximum tumor diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 25 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,24 had a diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 28 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.346,P=0.556),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.808.With respect to infiltration length,in the 3D group,23 patients had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 29 had a length of 5 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,20 cases had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 32 had a length of 5 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.357,P=0.550),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.486.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length measured using 3D RVT were positively correlated with clinical observations during surgery(r=0.814 and 0.490,both P<0.05).The 3D group had a shorter operative time(157.02±8.38 vs 183.16±23.87),less intraoperative blood loss(83.65±14.22 vs 110.94±22.05),and higher number of lymph node dissections(28.98±2.82 vs 23.56±2.77)and R0 resection rate(80.77%vs 61.64%)than the 2D group.Furthermore,the 3D group had shorter hospital stay[8(8,9)vs 13(14,16)],time to gas passage[3(3,4)vs 4(5,5)],and drainage tube removal time[4(4,5)vs 6(6,7)]than the 2D group.The complication rate was lower in the 3D group(11.54%)than in the 2D group(26.47%)(χ^(2)=4.106,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using 3D RVT,doctors can gain a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the anatomy and related lesions of EGJ carcinomas,thus enabling more accurate surgical planning.展开更多
We study theoretically the electrical shot noise properties of tunnel junctions between a normal metal and a superconductor with the mixture of singlet s-wave and chiral triplet p-wave pairing due to broken inversion ...We study theoretically the electrical shot noise properties of tunnel junctions between a normal metal and a superconductor with the mixture of singlet s-wave and chiral triplet p-wave pairing due to broken inversion symmetry. We investigate how the shot noise properties vary as the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential is changed. It is demonstrated that some characteristics of the electrical shot noise properties of such tunnel junctions may depend sensitively on the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential, and some significant changes may occur in the electrical shot noise properties when the relative amplitude between the two parity components is varied from the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime to the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime. In the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime, the ratio of noise power to electric current is close to 2e both in the in-gap and in the out-gap region. In the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime, the value of this ratio is close to 4e in the inner gap region but may reduce to about 2e in the outer gap region as the relative amplitude of the chiral triplet pairing component is increased. The variations of the differential shot noise with the bias voltage also exhibit some significantly different features in different regimes. Such different features can serve as useful diagnostic tools for the determination of the relative magnitude of the two parity components in the pairing potential.展开更多
Context and Justification: The sigmoido-jugular junction connects two structures of different compositions and has a complex organization. The sinusoidal portion of its endothelium contains muscle cells in adults. Is ...Context and Justification: The sigmoido-jugular junction connects two structures of different compositions and has a complex organization. The sinusoidal portion of its endothelium contains muscle cells in adults. Is this the same presentation observed in fetuses? Objective: To describe the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses. Materials and Methods: Over a period of seven months, a histochemical and immunohistochemical study was conducted on 30 sigmoido-jugular junctions taken from 15 fetuses aged at least 32 weeks of gestation. These fetuses were obtained following expulsion due to intrauterine death, after informed consent from the parents. Results: Three portions can be identified: sigmoid, junctional, and jugular. Histochemical preparations revealed the existence of two constant layers and a third layer present only at the jugular level. From the inside out, the layers are as follows: 1) Inner Layer (Endothelium): This layer is clearer from the junction and reveals the presence of smooth muscle cells at the sigmoid level in immunohistochemistry. 2) Outer Layer: At the sigmoid and junctional levels, this layer consists of collagen fibers and becomes median at the jugular level, where it is composed of elastic and muscular collagen fibers. 3) Third Layer: Present only at the jugular level, this layer corresponds to the adventitia. Conclusion: The architecture of the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses, which is identical to that in adults, excludes the metaplastic hypothesis regarding endothelial smooth muscle cells in the sigmoid portion. Instead, it favors their role in regulating encephalic venous drainage.展开更多
By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary c...By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary conditions. Photocurrent density and photovoltage are determined for each value of applied magnetic field and corresponding optimum thickness, to establish the current-voltage characteristic (Jph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop)-Vph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop) of the silicon cell under polychromatic illumination. This study will make it possible to reduce the material used (by reducing the optimum thickness), which will help to lower prices. It will also enable us to reduce betting effects (lower series resistance), thereby boosting solar cell efficiency.展开更多
Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways...Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pathophysiological processes in muscle fibers.In this review,we will summarize and discuss the data on these two pathways,focusing on their concerted action next to their contribution to skeletal muscle biology.However,an in-depth discussion of the noncanonical Wnt pathway,the fibro/a dipogenic precursors,or the mechanosensory aspects of these pathways is not the focus of this review.展开更多
At T-junctions, where hot and cold streams flowing in pipes join and mix, significant temperature fluctuations can be created in very close neighborhood of the pipe walls. The wall temperature fluctuations cause cycli...At T-junctions, where hot and cold streams flowing in pipes join and mix, significant temperature fluctuations can be created in very close neighborhood of the pipe walls. The wall temperature fluctuations cause cyclical thermal stresses which may induce fatigue cracking. Temperature fluctuation is of crucial importance in many engineering applications and especially in nuclear power plants. This is because the phenomenon leads to thermal fatigue and might subsequently result in failure of structural material. Therefore, the effects of temperature fluctuation in piping structure at mixing junctions in nuclear power systems cannot be neglected. In nuclear power plant, piping structure is exposed to unavoidable temperature differences in a bid to maintain plant operational capacity. Tightly coupled to temperature fluctuation is flow turbulence, which has attracted extensive attention and has been investigated worldwide since several decades. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of injection pipe orientation on flow mixing and temperature fluctuation for fluid flow downstream a T-junction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was applied using STAR CCM+ code. Four inclination angles including 0 (90), 15, 30 and 45 degrees were studied and the mixing intensity and effective mixing zone were investigated. K-omega SST turbulence model was adopted for the simulations. Results of the analysis suggest that, effective mixing of cold and hot fluid which leads to reduced and uniform temperature field at the pipe wall boundary, is achieved at 0 (90) degree inclination of the branch pipe and hence may lower thermal stress levels in the structural material of the pipe. Turbulence mixing, pressure drop and velocity distribution were also found to be more appreciable at 0 (90) degree inclination angle of the branch pipe relative to the other orientations studied.展开更多
Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it c...Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization.Therefore,B.cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products,imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health.Results:In this study,B.cereus 2101(BC)was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis.BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis,making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security.MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1(LGR-1).Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin destroyed by BC.Furthermore,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),caspase recruitment and activation domain(ASC),Caspase-1 p20,gasdermin D(GSDMD)p30,inflammatory factors(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18),and cell death induced by BC.Moreover,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)+ATP stimulation.MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 si RNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1.NLRP3-si RNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity.Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1.Conclusions:These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows,thus ensuring food security.展开更多
The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem.For example,diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness,and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause o...The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem.For example,diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness,and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide.The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these chronic complications are still poorly understood,preventing the development of effective treatment strategies.Tight junctions(TJs)are epithelial intercellular junctions located at the most apical region of cell-cell contacts,and their main function is to restrict the passage of molecules through the paracellular space.The TJs consist of over 40 proteins,and the most important are occludin,claudins and the zonula occludens.Accumulating evidence suggests that TJ disruption in different organs,such as the brain,nerves,retina and kidneys,plays a fundamental pathophysiological role in the development of chronic complications.Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated in diabetic neuropathy,brain injury and diabetic retinopathy.The consequences of TJ disruption on kidney function or progression of kidney disease are currently unknown.In the present review,we highlighted the molecular events that lead to barrier dysfunction in diabetes.Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying TJ disruption is expected to provide new insights into therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Incidence rates for esophagogastric junction cancer are rising rapidly worldwide possibly due to the economic development and demographic changes.Therefore,increased attention has been paid to the prevention,diagnosis...Incidence rates for esophagogastric junction cancer are rising rapidly worldwide possibly due to the economic development and demographic changes.Therefore,increased attention has been paid to the prevention,diagnosis,and the treatment of esophagogastric junction cancer.Although there are discrepancies in the treatment strategy between Asian and Western countries,surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for esophagogastric junction cancer.Recent developments of perioperative multidisciplinary treatment may lead to better therapeutic effect,higher complete resection rate,and better control of the residual diseases,thus result in prolonged prognosis.In this review,we will focus on the treatment of locally advanced resectable esophagogastric junction cancer,and discuss the current status and future perspectives of the perioperative treatment including chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and immunotherapy,as well as the surgical strategy.Better understanding of the latest treatment strategy and future overlook may enable to standardize and individualize the treatment for esophagogastric junction cancer,thus leading to better prognosis for those patients.展开更多
Establishing highly effective charge transfer channels in carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) to enhance its photocatalytic activity is still a challenging issue.Herein,the delaminated 2D Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene nanosheets were em...Establishing highly effective charge transfer channels in carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) to enhance its photocatalytic activity is still a challenging issue.Herein,the delaminated 2D Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene nanosheets were employed to decorate the P-doped tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(PTCN)for engineering 1D/2D Schottky heterojunction(PTCN/TC)through electrostatic self-assembly.The optimized PTCN/TC exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate(565 μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),which was 4.3 and 2.0-fold higher than pristine bulk g-C_(3)N_(4) and PTCN,respectively.Such enhancement may be primarily attributed to the phosphorus heteroatom doped and unique structure of 1D/2D g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) Schottky heterojunction,enhancing the light-harvesting and charges’separation.One-dimensional pathway of g-C_(3)N_(4) tube and built-in electric field of interfacial Schottky effect can significantly facilitate the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers,and simultaneously inhibit their recombination via Schottky barrier.In this composite,metallic Ti_(3)C_(2) was served as electrons sink and photons collector.Moreover,ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2) flake with exposed terminal metal sites as a co-catalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic reactivity in H2 evolution compared to carbon materials(such as reduced graphene oxide).This work not only proposed the mechanism of tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) Schottky junction in photocatalysis,but also provided a feasible way to load ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2) as a co-catalyst for designing highly efficient photocatalysts.展开更多
Objective: As laparoscopic surgery is widely applied for primarily treated gastric cancer(GC)/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC) and gains many advantages, the feasibility of laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG) fo...Objective: As laparoscopic surgery is widely applied for primarily treated gastric cancer(GC)/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC) and gains many advantages, the feasibility of laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG) for GC/GEJC patients who have received preoperative therapy(PT) has come to the fore. This study aims to analyze the safety and feasibility of LTG after PT for GC/GEJC patients.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 511 patients with GC/GEJC undergoing LTG, of which 405received LTG(LTG group) and 106 received PT+LTG(PT-LTG group) at Nanfang Hospital between June 2018and September 2022. The surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results: The surgical duration was significantly longer in the PT-LTG group(P<0.001), while the incidence of intraoperative complications(P=1.000), postoperative complications(LTG group vs. PT-LTG group: 26.2% vs.23.6%, P=0.587), the classification of complication severity(P=0.271), and postoperative recovery was similar between two groups. Notably, the incidence of anastomotic complications of esophagojejunostomy was also comparable between the two groups(LTG group vs. PT-LTG group: 5.9% vs. 5.7%, P=0.918). The univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that positive proximal margin [positive vs. negative: odds ratio(OR)=14.094, 95%confidence interval(95% CI): 2.639-75.260, P=0.002], rather than PT, has an impact on anastomotic complications after LTG(OR=0.945, 95% CI: 0.371-2.408, P=0.905).Conclusions: PT did not increase the surgical risk of LTG for GC/GEJC. Therefore, considering the positive effect of PT on long-term survival, the broader application of PT and LTG for GC/GEJC is supported by our findings.展开更多
Photocatalytic water splitting on noble metal-free photocatalysts for H_(2) generation is a promising but challenging approach to realize solar-to-chemical energy conversion.In this study,Mo/Mo_(2)C nanoparticles anch...Photocatalytic water splitting on noble metal-free photocatalysts for H_(2) generation is a promising but challenging approach to realize solar-to-chemical energy conversion.In this study,Mo/Mo_(2)C nanoparticles anchored carbon layer(Mo/Mo_(2)C@C)was obtained by a one-step in-situ phase transition approach and developed for the first time as a photothermal cocatalyst to enhance the activity of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalyst.Mo/Mo_(2)C@C nanosheet exhibits strong absorption in the full spectrum region and excellent photo-thermal conversion ability,which generates heat to improve the reaction temperature and accelerate the reaction kinetics.Moreover,metallic Mo/Mo_(2)C@C couples with ZnIn_(2)S_(4)to form ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-Mo/Mo_(2)C@C Schottky junction(denoted as ZMM),which prevents the electrons back transfer and restrains the charge recombination.In addition,conductive carbon with strong interfacial interaction serves as a fast charge transport bridge.Consequently,the optimized ZMM-0.2 junction exhibits an H2 evolution rate of 1031.07μmol g^(-1)h^-(1),which is 41 and 4.3 times higher than bare ZnIn_(2)S_(4)and ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-Mo2C,respectively.By designing novel photothermal cocatalysts,our work will provide a new guidance for designing efficient photocatalysts.展开更多
The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterost...The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.展开更多
Recent research on nanostructures has demonstrated their importance and application in a variety of fields.Nanostructures are used directly or indirectly in drug delivery systems,medicine and pharmaceuticals,biologica...Recent research on nanostructures has demonstrated their importance and application in a variety of fields.Nanostructures are used directly or indirectly in drug delivery systems,medicine and pharmaceuticals,biological sensors,photodetectors,transistors,optical and electronic devices,and so on.The discovery of carbon nanotubes with Y-shaped junctions is motivated by the development of future advanced electronic devices.Because of their interactionwithY-junctions,electronic switches,amplifiers,and three-terminal transistors are of particular interest.Entropy is a concept that determines the uncertainty of a system or network.Entropy concepts are also used in biology,chemistry,and applied mathematics.Based on the requirements,entropy in the form of a graph can be classified into several types.In 1955,graph-based entropy was introduced.One of the types of entropy is edgeweighted entropy.We examined the abstract form of Y-shaped junctions in this study.Some edge-weight-based entropy formulas for the generic view of Y-shaped junctions were created,and some edge-weighted and topological index-based concepts for Y-shaped junctions were discussed in the present paper.展开更多
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier.However,the potential links between them following ischemic strok...Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier.However,the potential links between them following ischemic stroke remain largely unknown.The present study found that cerebral ischemia leads to oxidative stress and repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Meanwhile,Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by the pharmacological inhibito r,TWS119,relieved oxidative stress,increased the levels of cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1)and tight junction-associated proteins(zonula occludens-1[ZO-1],occludin and claudin-5),as well as brain microvascular density in cerebral ischemia rats.Moreove r,rat brain microvascular endothelial cells that underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation displayed intense oxidative stress,suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,aggravated cell apoptosis,downregulated CYP1B1and tight junction protein levels,and inhibited cell prolife ration and migration.Overexpression ofβ-catenin or knockdown ofβ-catenin and CYP1B1 genes in rat brain mic rovascular endothelial cells at least partly ameliorated or exacerbated these effects,respectively.In addition,small interfering RNA-mediatedβ-catenin silencing decreased CYP1B1 expression,whereas CYP1B1 knoc kdown did not change the levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β,Wnt-3a,andβ-catenin proteins in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivatio n/reoxygenation.Thus,the data suggest that CYP1B1 can be regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling,and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway contributes to alleviation of oxidative stress,increased tight junction levels,and protection of the blood-brain barrier against ischemia/hypoxia-induced injury.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52072272,52171145 and 22109120)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ21B030002)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Special Support Program for High-level Talents (2019R52042)the Key programs for Science and Technology Innovation of Wenzhou (ZG2022037)。
文摘The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to modulate its catalytic HOR performance,but at the cost of mass activity due to the coverage of modifiers on Pt surface.Herein,we constructed dual junctions'Pt/nitrogen-doped carbon(Pt/NC)andδ-MoC/NC to modify electronic structure of Pt via interfacial electron transfer to acquire Pt-MoC@NC catalyst with electron-deficient Pt nanoparticles,simultaneously endowing it with high mass activity and durability of alkaline HOR.Moreover,the unique structure of Pt-MoC@NC endows Pt with a high COtolerance at 1,000 ppm CO/H_(2),a quality that commercial Pt-C catalyst lacks.The theoretical calculations not only confirm the diffusion of electrons from Pt/NC to Mo C/NC could occur,but also demonstrate the negative shift of Pt d-band center for the optimized binding energies of*H,*OH and CO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501977)the Sichuan Provincial Key R&D Project China(22ZDYF0194)the Double World-Class Project of Southwest Minzu University China(XM2023010)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.
基金Changzhou High-level Medical Talents Training Project of the Health Commission of the Changzhou City,No.2022CZBJ079Changzhou Sci&Tech Program,No.CE20235064.
文摘BACKGROUND Early adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)component arising in the gastroesophageal junctional(GEJ)region is rare and even rarer in young patients.Here,we report such a case in a 29-year-old Chinese man.CASE SUMMARY This patient presented to our hospital with a 3-mo history of dysphagia and regurgitation.Upper endoscopy revealed an elevated nodule in the distal esophagus 1.6 cm above the GEJ line,without Barrett’s esophagus or involvement of the gastric cardia.The nodule was completely resected by endoscopic submu-cosal dissection(ESD).Pathological examination confirmed diagnosis of intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma mixed with an NEC component,measuring 1.5 cm.Immunohistochemically,both adenocarcinoma and NEC components were positive for P53 with a Ki67 index of 90%;NEC was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin.Next-generation sequencing of 196 genes demonstrated a novel germline mutation of the ERCC3 gene in the DNA repair pathway and a germline mutation of the RNF43 gene,a common gastric cancer driver gene,in addition to pathogenic somatic mutations in P53 and CHEK2 genes.The patient was alive without evidence of the disease 36 mo after ESD.CONCLUSION Early adenocarcinoma with an NEC component arising in the distal esophageal side of the GEJ region showed evidence of gastric origin.
文摘With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2D materials,knowledge of 2D electrical transport and carrier dynamics still in its infancy.Thus,here we highlighted the electrical characteristics of 2D materials with electronic band structure,electronic transport,dielectric constant,carriers mobility.The atomic thinness of 2D materials makes substantially scaled field-effect transistors(FETs)with reduced short-channel effects conceivable,even though strong carrier mobility required for high performance,low-voltage device operations.We also discussed here about factors affecting 2D materials which easily enhanced the activity of those materials for various applications.Presently,Those 2D materials used in state-of-the-art electrical and optoelectronic devices because of the extensive nature of their electronic band structure.2D materials offer unprecedented freedom for the design of novel p-n junction device topologies in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductors.We also,describe the numerous 2D p-n junctions,such as homo junction and hetero junction including mixed dimensional junctions.Finally,we talked about the problems and potential for the future.
基金Supported by Key R&D Program of Zhejiang,No.2023C03172.
文摘BACKGROUND Stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has not been established.AIM To investigate the optimal stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ AEG with NAC.METHODS A nomogram was established based on Cox regression model that analyzed variables associated with overall survival(OS)and disease-specific survival(DSS).The nomogram performance in terms of discrimination and calibration ability was evaluated using the likelihood-ratio test,Akaike information criterion,Harrell concordance index,time-receiver operating characteristic curve,and decision curve analysis.RESULTS Data from 725 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and gastrectomy were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that sex,marital status,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors of OS,whereas sex,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors for DSS.These factors were incorporated into the OS and DSS nomograms.Our novel nomogram model performed better in terms of OS and DSS prediction compared to the 8th American Joint Committee of Cancer pathological staging system for esophageal and gastric cancer.Finally,a user-friendly web application was developed for clinical use.CONCLUSION The nomogram established specifically for patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG receiving NAC demonstrated good prognostic performance.Validation using external data is warranted before its widespread clinical application.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction(EGJ)carcinoma enables the removal of the carcinoma at the junction between the stomach and esophagus while preserving the gastric function,thereby providing patients with better treatment outcomes and quality of life.Nonetheless,this surgical technique also presents some challenges and limitations.Therefore,three-dimensional reconstruction visualization technology(3D RVT)has been introduced into the procedure,providing doctors with more comprehensive and intuitive anatomical information that helps with surgical planning,navigation,and outcome evaluation.AIM To discuss the application and advantages of 3D RVT in precise laparoscopic resection of EGJ carcinomas.METHODS Data were obtained from the electronic or paper-based medical records at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2020 to June 2022.A total of 120 patients diagnosed with EGJ carcinoma were included in the study.Of these,68 underwent laparoscopic resection after computed tomography(CT)-enhanced scanning and were categorized into the 2D group,whereas 52 underwent laparoscopic resection after CT-enhanced scanning and 3D RVT and were categorized into the 3D group.This study had two outcome measures:the deviation between tumor-related factors(such as maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length)in 3D RVT and clinical reality,and surgical outcome indicators(such as operative time,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,R0 resection rate,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative gas discharge time,drainage tube removal time,and related complications)between the 2D and 3D groups.RESULTS Among patients included in the 3D group,27 had a maximum tumor diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 25 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,24 had a diameter of less than 3 cm,whereas 28 had a diameter of 3 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.346,P=0.556),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.808.With respect to infiltration length,in the 3D group,23 patients had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 29 had a length of 5 cm or more.In actual surgical observations,20 cases had a length of less than 5 cm,whereas 32 had a length of 5 cm or more.The findings were consistent between the two methods(χ^(2)=0.357,P=0.550),with a kappa consistency coefficient of 0.486.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter and infiltration length measured using 3D RVT were positively correlated with clinical observations during surgery(r=0.814 and 0.490,both P<0.05).The 3D group had a shorter operative time(157.02±8.38 vs 183.16±23.87),less intraoperative blood loss(83.65±14.22 vs 110.94±22.05),and higher number of lymph node dissections(28.98±2.82 vs 23.56±2.77)and R0 resection rate(80.77%vs 61.64%)than the 2D group.Furthermore,the 3D group had shorter hospital stay[8(8,9)vs 13(14,16)],time to gas passage[3(3,4)vs 4(5,5)],and drainage tube removal time[4(4,5)vs 6(6,7)]than the 2D group.The complication rate was lower in the 3D group(11.54%)than in the 2D group(26.47%)(χ^(2)=4.106,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using 3D RVT,doctors can gain a more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the anatomy and related lesions of EGJ carcinomas,thus enabling more accurate surgical planning.
文摘We study theoretically the electrical shot noise properties of tunnel junctions between a normal metal and a superconductor with the mixture of singlet s-wave and chiral triplet p-wave pairing due to broken inversion symmetry. We investigate how the shot noise properties vary as the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential is changed. It is demonstrated that some characteristics of the electrical shot noise properties of such tunnel junctions may depend sensitively on the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential, and some significant changes may occur in the electrical shot noise properties when the relative amplitude between the two parity components is varied from the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime to the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime. In the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime, the ratio of noise power to electric current is close to 2e both in the in-gap and in the out-gap region. In the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime, the value of this ratio is close to 4e in the inner gap region but may reduce to about 2e in the outer gap region as the relative amplitude of the chiral triplet pairing component is increased. The variations of the differential shot noise with the bias voltage also exhibit some significantly different features in different regimes. Such different features can serve as useful diagnostic tools for the determination of the relative magnitude of the two parity components in the pairing potential.
文摘Context and Justification: The sigmoido-jugular junction connects two structures of different compositions and has a complex organization. The sinusoidal portion of its endothelium contains muscle cells in adults. Is this the same presentation observed in fetuses? Objective: To describe the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses. Materials and Methods: Over a period of seven months, a histochemical and immunohistochemical study was conducted on 30 sigmoido-jugular junctions taken from 15 fetuses aged at least 32 weeks of gestation. These fetuses were obtained following expulsion due to intrauterine death, after informed consent from the parents. Results: Three portions can be identified: sigmoid, junctional, and jugular. Histochemical preparations revealed the existence of two constant layers and a third layer present only at the jugular level. From the inside out, the layers are as follows: 1) Inner Layer (Endothelium): This layer is clearer from the junction and reveals the presence of smooth muscle cells at the sigmoid level in immunohistochemistry. 2) Outer Layer: At the sigmoid and junctional levels, this layer consists of collagen fibers and becomes median at the jugular level, where it is composed of elastic and muscular collagen fibers. 3) Third Layer: Present only at the jugular level, this layer corresponds to the adventitia. Conclusion: The architecture of the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses, which is identical to that in adults, excludes the metaplastic hypothesis regarding endothelial smooth muscle cells in the sigmoid portion. Instead, it favors their role in regulating encephalic venous drainage.
文摘By solving the magneto-transport equation for excess minority charge carriers in the base of the series vertical-junction silicon cell, the phenomenological parameters of the cell can be determined from the boundary conditions. Photocurrent density and photovoltage are determined for each value of applied magnetic field and corresponding optimum thickness, to establish the current-voltage characteristic (Jph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop)-Vph(Sf, Sb, z, B, Hop) of the silicon cell under polychromatic illumination. This study will make it possible to reduce the material used (by reducing the optimum thickness), which will help to lower prices. It will also enable us to reduce betting effects (lower series resistance), thereby boosting solar cell efficiency.
基金supported by the German Research Council(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,HA3309/3-1/2,HA3309/6-1,HA3309/7-1)。
文摘Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pathophysiological processes in muscle fibers.In this review,we will summarize and discuss the data on these two pathways,focusing on their concerted action next to their contribution to skeletal muscle biology.However,an in-depth discussion of the noncanonical Wnt pathway,the fibro/a dipogenic precursors,or the mechanosensory aspects of these pathways is not the focus of this review.
文摘At T-junctions, where hot and cold streams flowing in pipes join and mix, significant temperature fluctuations can be created in very close neighborhood of the pipe walls. The wall temperature fluctuations cause cyclical thermal stresses which may induce fatigue cracking. Temperature fluctuation is of crucial importance in many engineering applications and especially in nuclear power plants. This is because the phenomenon leads to thermal fatigue and might subsequently result in failure of structural material. Therefore, the effects of temperature fluctuation in piping structure at mixing junctions in nuclear power systems cannot be neglected. In nuclear power plant, piping structure is exposed to unavoidable temperature differences in a bid to maintain plant operational capacity. Tightly coupled to temperature fluctuation is flow turbulence, which has attracted extensive attention and has been investigated worldwide since several decades. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of injection pipe orientation on flow mixing and temperature fluctuation for fluid flow downstream a T-junction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was applied using STAR CCM+ code. Four inclination angles including 0 (90), 15, 30 and 45 degrees were studied and the mixing intensity and effective mixing zone were investigated. K-omega SST turbulence model was adopted for the simulations. Results of the analysis suggest that, effective mixing of cold and hot fluid which leads to reduced and uniform temperature field at the pipe wall boundary, is achieved at 0 (90) degree inclination of the branch pipe and hence may lower thermal stress levels in the structural material of the pipe. Turbulence mixing, pressure drop and velocity distribution were also found to be more appreciable at 0 (90) degree inclination angle of the branch pipe relative to the other orientations studied.
基金the following funds:the National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2017YFD0502200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31960721)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31873034)。
文摘Background:Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning,specifically diarrhea and vomiting.B.cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk,as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization.Therefore,B.cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products,imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health.Results:In this study,B.cereus 2101(BC)was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis.BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis,making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security.MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1(LGR-1).Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin destroyed by BC.Furthermore,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),caspase recruitment and activation domain(ASC),Caspase-1 p20,gasdermin D(GSDMD)p30,inflammatory factors(interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-18),and cell death induced by BC.Moreover,LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)+ATP stimulation.MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 si RNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1.NLRP3-si RNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity.Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1.Conclusions:These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows,thus ensuring food security.
文摘The chronic complications of diabetes mellitus constitute a major public health problem.For example,diabetic eye diseases are the most important cause of blindness,and diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide.The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these chronic complications are still poorly understood,preventing the development of effective treatment strategies.Tight junctions(TJs)are epithelial intercellular junctions located at the most apical region of cell-cell contacts,and their main function is to restrict the passage of molecules through the paracellular space.The TJs consist of over 40 proteins,and the most important are occludin,claudins and the zonula occludens.Accumulating evidence suggests that TJ disruption in different organs,such as the brain,nerves,retina and kidneys,plays a fundamental pathophysiological role in the development of chronic complications.Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated in diabetic neuropathy,brain injury and diabetic retinopathy.The consequences of TJ disruption on kidney function or progression of kidney disease are currently unknown.In the present review,we highlighted the molecular events that lead to barrier dysfunction in diabetes.Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying TJ disruption is expected to provide new insights into therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
文摘Incidence rates for esophagogastric junction cancer are rising rapidly worldwide possibly due to the economic development and demographic changes.Therefore,increased attention has been paid to the prevention,diagnosis,and the treatment of esophagogastric junction cancer.Although there are discrepancies in the treatment strategy between Asian and Western countries,surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for esophagogastric junction cancer.Recent developments of perioperative multidisciplinary treatment may lead to better therapeutic effect,higher complete resection rate,and better control of the residual diseases,thus result in prolonged prognosis.In this review,we will focus on the treatment of locally advanced resectable esophagogastric junction cancer,and discuss the current status and future perspectives of the perioperative treatment including chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and immunotherapy,as well as the surgical strategy.Better understanding of the latest treatment strategy and future overlook may enable to standardize and individualize the treatment for esophagogastric junction cancer,thus leading to better prognosis for those patients.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:22002146)Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong province(No.:tsqn201909058).
文摘Establishing highly effective charge transfer channels in carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) to enhance its photocatalytic activity is still a challenging issue.Herein,the delaminated 2D Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene nanosheets were employed to decorate the P-doped tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(PTCN)for engineering 1D/2D Schottky heterojunction(PTCN/TC)through electrostatic self-assembly.The optimized PTCN/TC exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate(565 μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),which was 4.3 and 2.0-fold higher than pristine bulk g-C_(3)N_(4) and PTCN,respectively.Such enhancement may be primarily attributed to the phosphorus heteroatom doped and unique structure of 1D/2D g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) Schottky heterojunction,enhancing the light-harvesting and charges’separation.One-dimensional pathway of g-C_(3)N_(4) tube and built-in electric field of interfacial Schottky effect can significantly facilitate the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers,and simultaneously inhibit their recombination via Schottky barrier.In this composite,metallic Ti_(3)C_(2) was served as electrons sink and photons collector.Moreover,ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2) flake with exposed terminal metal sites as a co-catalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic reactivity in H2 evolution compared to carbon materials(such as reduced graphene oxide).This work not only proposed the mechanism of tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) Schottky junction in photocatalysis,but also provided a feasible way to load ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2) as a co-catalyst for designing highly efficient photocatalysts.
基金supported by grants from the Clinical Research Program of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (No.2021CR001 and No.2021CR013)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Cancer (No.2020B 121201004)“Climbing Program”, Special Fund of Guangdong Province (No.pdjh2022a0093 and No.pdjh2023a0098)。
文摘Objective: As laparoscopic surgery is widely applied for primarily treated gastric cancer(GC)/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC) and gains many advantages, the feasibility of laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG) for GC/GEJC patients who have received preoperative therapy(PT) has come to the fore. This study aims to analyze the safety and feasibility of LTG after PT for GC/GEJC patients.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 511 patients with GC/GEJC undergoing LTG, of which 405received LTG(LTG group) and 106 received PT+LTG(PT-LTG group) at Nanfang Hospital between June 2018and September 2022. The surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results: The surgical duration was significantly longer in the PT-LTG group(P<0.001), while the incidence of intraoperative complications(P=1.000), postoperative complications(LTG group vs. PT-LTG group: 26.2% vs.23.6%, P=0.587), the classification of complication severity(P=0.271), and postoperative recovery was similar between two groups. Notably, the incidence of anastomotic complications of esophagojejunostomy was also comparable between the two groups(LTG group vs. PT-LTG group: 5.9% vs. 5.7%, P=0.918). The univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that positive proximal margin [positive vs. negative: odds ratio(OR)=14.094, 95%confidence interval(95% CI): 2.639-75.260, P=0.002], rather than PT, has an impact on anastomotic complications after LTG(OR=0.945, 95% CI: 0.371-2.408, P=0.905).Conclusions: PT did not increase the surgical risk of LTG for GC/GEJC. Therefore, considering the positive effect of PT on long-term survival, the broader application of PT and LTG for GC/GEJC is supported by our findings.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971143 and 21805165)the Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20201207)and 111 Project(D20015).
文摘Photocatalytic water splitting on noble metal-free photocatalysts for H_(2) generation is a promising but challenging approach to realize solar-to-chemical energy conversion.In this study,Mo/Mo_(2)C nanoparticles anchored carbon layer(Mo/Mo_(2)C@C)was obtained by a one-step in-situ phase transition approach and developed for the first time as a photothermal cocatalyst to enhance the activity of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalyst.Mo/Mo_(2)C@C nanosheet exhibits strong absorption in the full spectrum region and excellent photo-thermal conversion ability,which generates heat to improve the reaction temperature and accelerate the reaction kinetics.Moreover,metallic Mo/Mo_(2)C@C couples with ZnIn_(2)S_(4)to form ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-Mo/Mo_(2)C@C Schottky junction(denoted as ZMM),which prevents the electrons back transfer and restrains the charge recombination.In addition,conductive carbon with strong interfacial interaction serves as a fast charge transport bridge.Consequently,the optimized ZMM-0.2 junction exhibits an H2 evolution rate of 1031.07μmol g^(-1)h^-(1),which is 41 and 4.3 times higher than bare ZnIn_(2)S_(4)and ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-Mo2C,respectively.By designing novel photothermal cocatalysts,our work will provide a new guidance for designing efficient photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22269010,52231007,12327804,T2321003,22088101)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB214021)+1 种基金the Major Research Program of Jingdezhen Ceramic Industry(No.2023ZDGG002)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project No.2021YFA1200600).
文摘The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (11961021 and 11561019)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2020GXNSFAA159084)Hechi University Research Fund for Advanced Talents (2019GCC005).
文摘Recent research on nanostructures has demonstrated their importance and application in a variety of fields.Nanostructures are used directly or indirectly in drug delivery systems,medicine and pharmaceuticals,biological sensors,photodetectors,transistors,optical and electronic devices,and so on.The discovery of carbon nanotubes with Y-shaped junctions is motivated by the development of future advanced electronic devices.Because of their interactionwithY-junctions,electronic switches,amplifiers,and three-terminal transistors are of particular interest.Entropy is a concept that determines the uncertainty of a system or network.Entropy concepts are also used in biology,chemistry,and applied mathematics.Based on the requirements,entropy in the form of a graph can be classified into several types.In 1955,graph-based entropy was introduced.One of the types of entropy is edgeweighted entropy.We examined the abstract form of Y-shaped junctions in this study.Some edge-weight-based entropy formulas for the generic view of Y-shaped junctions were created,and some edge-weighted and topological index-based concepts for Y-shaped junctions were discussed in the present paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771250(to XC)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,Nos.2020J011059(to XC),2020R1011004(to YW),2021J01374(to XZ)+1 种基金Medical Innovation Project of Fujian Province,No.2021 CXB002(to XC)Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare(to XC)。
文摘Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier.However,the potential links between them following ischemic stroke remain largely unknown.The present study found that cerebral ischemia leads to oxidative stress and repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Meanwhile,Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by the pharmacological inhibito r,TWS119,relieved oxidative stress,increased the levels of cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1)and tight junction-associated proteins(zonula occludens-1[ZO-1],occludin and claudin-5),as well as brain microvascular density in cerebral ischemia rats.Moreove r,rat brain microvascular endothelial cells that underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation displayed intense oxidative stress,suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,aggravated cell apoptosis,downregulated CYP1B1and tight junction protein levels,and inhibited cell prolife ration and migration.Overexpression ofβ-catenin or knockdown ofβ-catenin and CYP1B1 genes in rat brain mic rovascular endothelial cells at least partly ameliorated or exacerbated these effects,respectively.In addition,small interfering RNA-mediatedβ-catenin silencing decreased CYP1B1 expression,whereas CYP1B1 knoc kdown did not change the levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β,Wnt-3a,andβ-catenin proteins in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivatio n/reoxygenation.Thus,the data suggest that CYP1B1 can be regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling,and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway contributes to alleviation of oxidative stress,increased tight junction levels,and protection of the blood-brain barrier against ischemia/hypoxia-induced injury.