Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow i...Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the water consumption law and its influence on maize yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the heading stage and the highest daily consumption of water was during the filling stage. The stimulation effect of alternative furrow irrigation on yield was obvious in the appropriate irrigation level. The best irrigation pattern for the highest yield was as follows： the seedling stage was 325 m3. hm^-2; the jointing stage was 400 m3-hm^-2; and the filling stage was 288 m3- hm-2. The water consumption during each growing period was that the seedling was 38.85 mm; the jointing was 108.11 mm; the heading was 124.39 ram; the filling was 88.96 ram; the milk was 60.21 ram; and the harvesting was 47.89 mm.展开更多
To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistan...To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding （NTDS） mode and conventional tillage direct seeding （CTDS） mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.展开更多
为探讨宁夏扬黄灌区秸秆还田配施不同氮肥用量对土壤理化性质、玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响,在玉米秸秆全量还田条件下,通过3年大田试验设置3种纯氮施用水平[150 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、300 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、450 kg hm^(-2)(N3)],以不施氮...为探讨宁夏扬黄灌区秸秆还田配施不同氮肥用量对土壤理化性质、玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响,在玉米秸秆全量还田条件下,通过3年大田试验设置3种纯氮施用水平[150 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、300 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、450 kg hm^(-2)(N3)],以不施氮肥为对照(CK),研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对灰钙土土壤容重、水分、养分和玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田配施氮肥可改善耕层(0~40cm)土壤容重和孔隙状况,以N2和N3处理效果较优,平均土壤容重分别较CK显著降低5.1%和7.3%,土壤总孔隙度分别显著提高7.0%和10.0%。施氮可提高耕层土壤有机碳和全氮含量,土壤碳氮比随施氮量的增加而降低,以N2和N3处理效果较好。N2处理对提高耕层土壤速效养分含量最佳,其土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别较CK显著提高18.8%、19.0%、17.2%。秸秆还田条件下施氮肥能改善玉米产量性状和显著提高籽粒产量、生物产量和收获指数,以N2处理效果最佳,平均较CK显著增产38.0%。对3年玉米籽粒产量与施纯氮量关系进行拟合发现,施氮量为285.2 kg hm^(-2)时,可使实现玉米籽粒产量最高。与CK相比,N2处理对提高玉米水分利用效率最优(38.1%);N1和N2处理的氮肥农学效率(12.2~12.4 kg kg^(-1))和氮肥利用率较高(34.5%~39.2%)。因此,从氮肥用量减施、玉米丰产和水氮高效利用角度考虑,施纯氮量250~300 kg hm^(-2)可改善宁夏扬黄灌区灰钙土理化性质,增强土壤蓄水能力,对提高玉米产量和水氮利用效率效果较好,建议在秸秆还田过程中配合应用。展开更多
基金Supported by Construction Found of Key Laboratory for Water-saving Agriculture in Universities of Heilongjiang Province (2006BAD29B01)National Science and Technology Program of China (2007BAD88B01)
文摘Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the water consumption law and its influence on maize yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the heading stage and the highest daily consumption of water was during the filling stage. The stimulation effect of alternative furrow irrigation on yield was obvious in the appropriate irrigation level. The best irrigation pattern for the highest yield was as follows： the seedling stage was 325 m3. hm^-2; the jointing stage was 400 m3-hm^-2; and the filling stage was 288 m3- hm-2. The water consumption during each growing period was that the seedling was 38.85 mm; the jointing was 108.11 mm; the heading was 124.39 ram; the filling was 88.96 ram; the milk was 60.21 ram; and the harvesting was 47.89 mm.
基金supported by the Key Project of Developing Agriculture through Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission,China(Grant No.2010-1-1)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds,China(Grant No.11QA1405900)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA101102)
文摘To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding （NTDS） mode and conventional tillage direct seeding （CTDS） mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.
文摘为探讨宁夏扬黄灌区秸秆还田配施不同氮肥用量对土壤理化性质、玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响,在玉米秸秆全量还田条件下,通过3年大田试验设置3种纯氮施用水平[150 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、300 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、450 kg hm^(-2)(N3)],以不施氮肥为对照(CK),研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对灰钙土土壤容重、水分、养分和玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田配施氮肥可改善耕层(0~40cm)土壤容重和孔隙状况,以N2和N3处理效果较优,平均土壤容重分别较CK显著降低5.1%和7.3%,土壤总孔隙度分别显著提高7.0%和10.0%。施氮可提高耕层土壤有机碳和全氮含量,土壤碳氮比随施氮量的增加而降低,以N2和N3处理效果较好。N2处理对提高耕层土壤速效养分含量最佳,其土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别较CK显著提高18.8%、19.0%、17.2%。秸秆还田条件下施氮肥能改善玉米产量性状和显著提高籽粒产量、生物产量和收获指数,以N2处理效果最佳,平均较CK显著增产38.0%。对3年玉米籽粒产量与施纯氮量关系进行拟合发现,施氮量为285.2 kg hm^(-2)时,可使实现玉米籽粒产量最高。与CK相比,N2处理对提高玉米水分利用效率最优(38.1%);N1和N2处理的氮肥农学效率(12.2~12.4 kg kg^(-1))和氮肥利用率较高(34.5%~39.2%)。因此,从氮肥用量减施、玉米丰产和水氮高效利用角度考虑,施纯氮量250~300 kg hm^(-2)可改善宁夏扬黄灌区灰钙土理化性质,增强土壤蓄水能力,对提高玉米产量和水氮利用效率效果较好,建议在秸秆还田过程中配合应用。
