Bridging the gap:Unveiling the crisis of physical inactivity in inflammatory bowel diseases

In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Inflammatory bowel diseases patients suffer from significant low levels and barriers to physical activity:The BE-FIT-IBD study”published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroen-terology 2023;29(41):5668-5682.Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are emerging as a significant global health concern as their incidence continues to rise on a global scale,with detrimental impacts on quality of life.While many advances have been made regarding the management of the disease,physical inactivity in these patients represents an underexplored issue that may hold the key for further and better understanding the ramifications of IBD.Chronic pain,fatigue,and fear of exacerbating symptoms promotes physical inactivity among IBD patients,while the lack of clear guidelines on safe exercise regimens contributes to a norm of physical inactivity.Physical activity(PA)is accepted to have a positive effect on disease outcomes and quality of life,while inactivity exacerbates comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study,focusing on PA levels and barriers in IBD patients of Southern Italy,revealed that a significant proportion(42.9%)were physically inactive.This lack of PA is attributed to barriers such as fear of flare-ups and misconceptions about exercise exacerbating the disease.The study also highlighted the need for better communication between healthcare providers and patients regarding the benefits of PA and safe incorporation into lifestyles.Moreover,physical inactivity may also contribute to disability in IBD patients,having a great impact on employment status.Of note is the fact that IBD also comes with an important psychological burden with relevant evidence suggesting that regular PA can improve mood,reduce anxiety,and enhance mental health.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study advocated for the integration of PA into IBD management,emphasizing the bidirectional link between PA and IBD.Regular exercise can influence the course of IBD,potentially reducing symptom severity and prolonging remission periods.As such,it is mandatory that healthcare providers actively educate patients,dispel misconceptions,and tailor exercise recommendations to improve the quality of life and reduce IBD-related complications.

Leisure-time physical activity,anthropometrics,and body composition as predictors of quality of life domains after spinal cord injury:an exploratory cross-sectional study

The objective of the current work was to examine the relationships between quality of life(QOL)domains in persons with spinal cord injury(SCI)and their levels of weekly leisure-time physical activity(LTPA),anthropometric variables,and body composition variables.This exploratory cross-sectional study consisted of baseline data collected as part of a randomized clinical trial at a VA Medical Center and SCI center.A convenience sample of 36 community-dwelling persons with SCI participated in the current study.Outcome measures included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form(WHOQOL-BREF),Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury(LTPAQ-SCI),anthropomorphic measures(waist,hip,and abdominal circumference),and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DXA)to quantify regional and total body composition.Multiple regression models suggested that engagement in LTPA accounted for 35.7%of the variance in physical health QOL,33.5%in psychological QOL,14.2%in social relationships QOL,and 38.2%in environmental QOL.Anthropometric measures accounted for 11.3%,3.1%,12.0%,and 6.7%of the variance in these QOL indices,respectively,and DXA indices accounted for 18.7%,17.5%,27.4%,and 21.9%.Within these models,the number of minutes of heavy LTPA per day uniquely predicted physical health QOL,the number of mild LTPA days per week uniquely predicted psychological QOL,and the amount of mild LTPA per day uniquely predicted environmental QOL.Bivariate analyses also suggested that android and trunk fat,as well as supine waist and abdominal circumferences,were positively associated with social relationships QOL.Encouraging individuals with SCI to engage in LTPA may robustly enhance multiple aspects of QOL while reducing the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities associated with SCI.Moreover,this may lead to a further understanding of how QOL may impact longitudinal intervention trials.The study protocol and procedures were reviewed and approved by the McGuire VA Research Institutional Review Board(IRB#02152,approval date August 9,2015;IRB#02375,approval date May 2,2018).

Information in the Universal Triangle of Reality for Non-living/Living Structures:From Philosophy to Neuro/Life Sciences

With the purpose to understand better the role of information not only in communication systems,but actually in our environmental reality,this paper presented the model of Universal Triangle of Reality,composed by Matter,Energy and Information,as fundamental constitutive components of this reality.Arguments coming from the field of physics,both at the cosmic and microparticles scale are presented,showing undoubtable conclusions that information is a fundamental component of reality in our material world.At the cosmic level,where the unusual high concentration of mass in the black holes constitutes a special state of matter,suitable for analysis of their special properties,the problem of the conservation principle of information is discussed.At the quantum level,the special unusual characteristics derived from the non-localization principle are also highlighted,together with information-involved problems and solutions.The Universal Triangle of Reality in the living systems reveals the high role of the involved information,both as the informational common organization on the entire evolution scale,and as the info-dynamics processes inside of own structure and resulted from interaction with the environment.The relevant advances in the approaching and understanding of the functionality of the living systems from informational point of view are highlighted,showing the high contribution of information concepts in understanding/solving of various older/recent problems in philosophy,neuroscience/neurology/psychiatry,neuro-physics/neuropsychology/behavior sciences,geriatrics/gerontology,biology and life sciences.

Sense of Humor and General Life Satisfaction in Association with the Biological Effects of Resistance Training in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) groups. Intervention periods lasted four months. All subjects had blood work that suggested IGT at the initial screening. The ERT acted as a wait-list control group when the MRT performed their training. Baseline scores on general life satisfaction (LISAT) and sense of humor (SHQ-6: a positive coping resources) were obtained. Potential differences between groups (types of intervention and intervention versus control) were investigated by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Correlations were calculated in each group to estimate the degree of covariance between biological and psychological changes from pre- to post-intervention by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Sense of humor tended to be correlated with a positive reduction of insulin following MRT as well as with reduction in body fat following ERT. Differences across the intervention groups in changes from pre- to post-training in biological variables (glucose, insulin, muscle mass, and corrected percentage of fat) as well as psychological variables (general life satisfaction and sense of humor) were not significant, whereas differences in BMI and weight were significant. By investigating the intervention groups separately in comparison to the control group, the MRT revealed significant improvement by reduction in insulin, percentage of fat, BMI and weight. The ERT caused significant improvements for insulin and percentage of fat, while general life satisfaction had a significant negative development.

Covariation in Insular Life-history Traits of the Rice Frog(Fejervarya limnocharis)in Eastern China

Although shifts in life-history traits of insular vertebrates, as compared with mainland populations, have been observed in many taxa, few studies have examined the relationships among individual life-history traits on islands. Lifehistory theory also predicts that there is a trade-off between body size and reproductive effort, and between egg size and clutch size. We surveyed the rice frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, on 20 islands within the Zhoushan Archipelago and two nearby sites on the mainland of China to compare differences in life-history traits and to explore relationships among those traits. Rice frog females reached a greater body size on half of the smaller islands among the total 20 surveyed islands, and larger egg size, decreased clutch size and reduced reproductive effort on most of the islands when compared to the two mainland sites. Insular body size was negatively correlated with reproductive effort. There was a negative correlation between egg size and clutch size. Results suggest that life-history theory provides a good explanation for co-variation between body size and reproductive effort, and between egg size and clutch size in rice frogs on the islands.

Comparison of Mathematical Equations Applicable to Tolerance of Total Body Irradiation in Humans and Decay of Isotopes, Uranium and Thorium: Differences and Similarity

A clear and exact quantitative relationship between dose of total body irradiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable us to determine LD50 for humans in total body irradiation. Analysis of human data has been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. The author published the general mathematical equations of LD50 constructed on the basis of data presented by Cerveny, MacVittie and Young, employing the probacent formula model. In this study, the author compared the equations of tolerance of total body irradiation and decay of isotopes, uranium and thorium. Differences and similarity in these equations of the two groups are presented. The significance of similarity is specially described.

Life course changes provoked by chronic disease: A study on everyday life for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective:This study examined patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)as a means to explore the impacts of chronic disease on life courses.Methods:A semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine patients in China in 2017;participants were included based on their having or having had facial butterfly erythema.Results:The study focused on both the disease's impact on the patients'health and on their daily lives.Four core themes emerged:visible changes in the patient's bodies,social dilemmas,"the encouragement of disease",and a new perspective on the relationship between disease and health.One important finding was that the occurrence of a chronic disease did not have only negative repercussions;some patients felt that there were advantages to being sick.Chronic disease resulted in a reworking of daily life.The patients developed a self-referential model of healing.Conclusion:The distinct interpretations of the same disease offered by different patients served to yield a more complete understanding of the disease.People with SLE adjust their thinking about the disease based on personal feelings as well as experiences and pursue a dialogue on their illness based on the disease pattern unique to them.The meaning that disease had for the patients was not limited to negative connotations.

Effect of high-intensity interval training in adolescents with asthma:The eXercise for Asthma with Commando Joe’s^(■)(X4ACJ)trial

Background:Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced asthma severity and increased quality of life in those with asthma.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month high-intensity interval training(HIIT)intervention in adolescents with and without asthma.Methods:A total of 616 adolescents(334 boys;13.0±1.1 years,1.57±0.10 m,52.6±12.9 kg,mean±SD),including 155 with asthma(78 boys),were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial from 5 schools(4 control and 1 intervention).The 221 intervention participants(116 boys;47 asthma)completed 6 months of school-based HIIT(30 min,3 times per week,10-30 s bouts at>90%age-predicted maximum heart rate with equal rest).At baseline,mid-intervention,post-intervention,and 3-month follow-up,measurements for 20-m shuttle run,body mass index(BMI),lung function,Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory,Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire,and Asthma Control Questionnaire were collected.Additionally,69 adolescents(39 boys(of the 36 with asthma there were 21 boys))also completed an incremental ramp test.For analysis,each group’s data(intervention and control)were divided into those with and without asthma.Results:Participants with asthma did not differ from their peers in any parameter of aerobic fitness,at any time-point,but were characterized by a greater BMI.The intervention elicited a significant improvement in maximal aerobic fitness but no change in sub-maximal parameters of aerobic fitness,lung function,or quality of life irrespective of asthma status.Those in the intervention group maintained their BMI,whereas BMI significantly increased in the control group throughout the 6-month period.Conclusion:HIIT represents an effective tool for improving aerobic fitness and maintaining BMI in adolescents,irrespective of asthma status.HIIT was well-tolerated by those with asthma,who evidenced a similar aerobic fitness to their healthy peers and responded equally well to a HIIT program.

Efficacy and educational role of a daily employment of the accelerometer to improve the life style in overweight-hypertensive population

The daily evaluation of the life style is funda- mental for the “exercise as prescription” to re- duce the cardiovascular risks factors. The reg- istration by an accelerometer can identify active from inactive subjects. The aim of the present study is to verify, in a small cohort of subjects at high risk level (obese–hypertensive), the health outcomes. A group of 22 subjects were evalu- ated by the questionnaire and also by an accel- erometer positioned on belt for 5 days to estab- lish the daily Physical Activity Level (PAL).The anthropometrics parameters, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Fat Mass, Free Fat Mass, Total Body–Intracellular and Extracellular Water and Phase Angle (PA) were measured at the beginning and after 3 months of regular exercise. The amount of the exercise prescribed for three months and at least 3 times in a weak, was determined by the Cardiopulmonary test at the 60% of the VO2. Sta-tistical analysis included T-Student test for paired data with a significance at P < 0.05value. Respect of the questionnaire the accelerometer report showed a predominantly inactive life style (PAL = 1.49 ± 0.13). After three months the BMI was significantly reduced in all (p < 0.05) and in addi-tion a trend toward a reduction was also observed for Fatty Mass and for the body composition parameters. The employment of the accelerometer is therefore associated to an improvement of the parameters strongly related with the cardiovascular risk. The results obtained are suggestive for an educational role of this tool in subjects at high risk level.

Effects of Life Histories on Genome Size Variation in Squamata

Genome size changes significantly among taxonomic levels,and this variation is often related to the patterns shaped by the phylogeny,life histories and ecological factors.However,there are mixed evidences on the main factors affecting molecular evolution in animals.In this study,we used phylogenetic comparative analysis to investigate the evolutionary rate of genome size and the relationships between genome size and life histories(i.e.,hatchling mass,clutch size,clutches per year,age at sexual maturity,lifespan and body mass)among 199 squamata species.Our results showed that the evolutionary rate of genome size in Lacertilia was significantly faster than Serpentes.Moreover,we also found that larger species showed larger hatchling mass,more clutches per year and clutch size and longer lifespan.However,genome size was negatively associated with clutch size and clutches per year,but not associated with body mass we looked at.The findings suggest that larger species do not possess the evolution of large genomes in squamata.

Investigation of the Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Psychotherapy (ACT) on Quality of Life of Adult Women Suffering from Obesity

Background and Purpose: Quality of life as an important factor in health is very important. This study is looking for an appropriate and effective treatment for improving quality of life. This research aims to study the psychological effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of adult women suffering from obesity. Methods and Materials: This research is a kind of half-trail, with pattern of pre-test, post-test and group control. Statistical population includes all over-weight women with body mass index (BMI) range (30 - 40) who participated in family training sessions held in Shahin Shahr city. 40 patients who had the characteristics for sampling were selected and randomly placed in test and control groups (each group 20 people). Participants in each group before and after intervention quality of life questionnaire with 100 question sample World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-100 were evaluated. 12 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy in group was used. The obtained data were analyzed with the use of Sciences Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS) 18 statistical software and methods of analysis of covariance. Findings: After selection of adult women having a BMI between 30 and 40 based on availability who had attended the meeting of family education, by invitation and voluntary, they were randomized into experimental and control groups. Intervention was done for experimental group. Due to the result of covariance analysis on the post-test stage, examination group showed significant improvement in variants physical health dimensions, level of independence in social and environmental relationships and spirituality (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research based on the impact of acceptance and commitment intervention on promotion and improving in quality of life, this treatment can be used for improving the variants in women suffering from over-weight and obesity.

A comparison of elderly (20～65 yrs) life style with body mass index (BMI)25

Objective:compare the habits and features of obese (BMI>25) and normal (BMI<25) individuals and express a method to ameliorate the life styles using a cross-sectional experiment.Methods:A total of 220 randomly selected cases were divided into case group (n=110) and control group (n=100) according to the calculated BMI level.Samples with BMI>25 kg/m2 were assigned to the case (obsess) group and those with BMI ranging from 20 to 25 were assigned to control (normal) group.The Miller-Smith life style questionnaires consisting 20 questions each with 5 different answers were given to both groups.Data of the questionnaires were collected and analyzed using t-test and Chi-square with SPSS.Results:No significant differences were found among the two groups in terms of the mean age,gender,level of education,marital status,insurance,breakfast,lunch or dinner,fried meat,legumes,caffeinated beverages,the length of sleep during 24 h,cigarette smoking and losing job or spouse.However,in regards to use of vegetables,sausage,fried potatoes,enriched breads,low fat milk,low salt,candies and chocolates significant relations were found (P<0.05).Conclusion:The present study suggests one way to control obesity and prevent diseases is to ameliorate the life styles.There is a relation between health and stress and irregularity of meals,such as breakfast skipping,is associated with overweight and obesity in adolescence.

Relationship among Health Related Quality of Life, Quality of Sleep, and Oral Health Condition

Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes in population of Jammu and Kashmir, India

We sought to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes （T2D） in Jammu and Kashmir populations, India. A total of 424 diabetic and 226 non-diabetic subjects from Jammu, and 161 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic subjects from Kashmir were screened for various parameters including fasting blood glucose level, 2 hour glucose level, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, very low-density lipoprotein （VLDL-C）, uric acid, systolic and diastolic blood pressure lev- el. We found that subjects aged 40-49 years had the highest rate of diabetes, with family income playing not much of a role. Kashmiri migrants or populations with rapid cultural, environmental, social or lifestyle change along with reduced physical activity, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle （smoking and alcohol consumption） were found to have higher rates of diabetes. High blood glucose, triglycerides and low HDL-C levels were found to be con- tributing to disease outcome. High blood pressure also contributed to a higher risk of developing T2D. Our study supports earlier reports confirming the contribution of comfortable life style, Western dietary habits and rapid life style change along with many other factors to the prevalence of diabetes. This may contribute to the epidemic proportion of diabetes in Jammu and Kashmir. Early diagnosis and routine screening for undiagnosed diabetes in obese subjects and subjects with parental diabetes history is expected to decrease the burden of chronic diabetic complications worldwide.

Life Universe, Universe Body and Something from Nothing

Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True me never dies while Yang me, Yin meand conscious me all appear and go. The heart of life is also a system consisting of four grades (true heart + Yang me heart + Yin meheart + conscious heart). Life is a four-seasonal whole dominated by heart. True me is true while Yang me, Yin me and conscious meare false. The general law of the universe is an operating body of general rules. Both the operating body of general rules and the lifebody are combination of the true and the false. The operating body of general rules is a body with two aspects and the combinationand an autonomous operation of movement with stillness, gathering with parting and rising with falling. The operating body ofgeneral rules dominated by true me is the universe body. The essential features of the universe body include: 1) it is empty;2) it isabsolutely quiet;3) it exists forever;4) it contains seeds for everything;5) it generates everything in the universe;6) it is solid andwill never break;7) its power is King Kong power. The zero-state of the galaxy is its basic state and the giant blank zone of theuniverse. The galaxy’s turning from zero-state into one-state is getting something from nothing. The operating of general rule ispresented as the four-seasonal movement or metabolism of life. It is a continuity of movement and stillness (life and death) and aprocess of something interacting with nothing. The modes of reproduction of life consist of self-generation, generation byaugmentation and generation by transformation. The Milky Way Galaxy, the solar system and the earth are inorganic life withreproductive system and reproductive capacity. In the positive-going evolution, their inner morality power gradually decreases andundergoes different states and structures. Internal intercourse generates different lives. In the early days of the earth, the temperaturewas high and inorganic lives first appeared: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. When the temperature dropped to a proper degree,organic lives then appeared: bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Now, new lives are still appearing on the earth.

Head and Neck Cancer Early Identification of Malnutrition High Risk Patients and Quality of Life Optimization

Malnutrition in Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can be present at the moment of diagnosis. The nutritional status is determinant for the treatment success and quality of life of the patients. The nutritional status gradually declines during treatment and the majority of patients undergoing treatment will need nutritional therapy. On the other hand, HNC, like other cancers, can induce a paraneoplastic syndrome that leads to cachexia. This cachexia status is most of the times the cause of death or the cause of treatment failure. So, early identification of malnutrition high risk patients is crucial to start an adequate nutrition support intervention in HNC patients. This study aims to identify HNC patients who present malnutrition or higher risk of malnutrition;to signalize variables that support early identification of high-risk patients of becoming malnourished and to establish a dynamic relationship between malnutrition risk in these patients and Quality of Life (QoL) impacts. For six months consecutive outpatients with HNC admitted at the Head & Neck Unity of Oncology Portuguese Institute—Porto were asked to participate in the research (n = 114). The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) cancer-specific HRQoL questionnaire-QLQ-C30 and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, MUST were used. At the moment of first presentation, 32 patients (28.1%) presented high-risk of malnutrition. HNC patients with oral cavity and oropharynx tumour locations, older, with low literacy or with BMI under 18.5 at the moment of diagnosis, represent a high-risk group. When HNC is considered, a dynamic and bi-directional connection between malnutrition and QoL is observed. A significant (p Emotional and social functional scales and all symptom scales—including pain, presented significant differences between high and medium risk of malnutrition patients. Fatigue, pain, insomnia, appetite loss and financial difficulties were domains directly related to high risk of malnutrition patients. Pain scores were significantly higher (43.23) in the high-risk patients when compared to medium risk patients (11.67). Nutrition support should be considered at any stage of the pathway —especially in high risk group—in order to optimize tumour treatment results, reduction of adverse effects of therapy and improving both QoL and survival.

Malnutrition and Quality of Life in Chinese Cancer Patients: a Clinical Study of 23,994 Subjects

Background Malnutrition is common in patients with cancer,and can negatively impact their quality of life(QoL)and even survival.However,there is currently no large data available on the prevalence of malnutrition in Chinese cancer patients.This study evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition and the QoL of Chinese patients with locoregional,recurrent or metastatic cancer.Methods We conducted a nationwide observational,multi-center,hospital-based cross-sectional study within the Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology(CSNO)Network.All of the patients were diagnosed with one of the following 18 different types of malignant tumors:lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,esophageal cancer,cervical cancer,endometrial cancer,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,malignant lymphoma,leukemia,pancreatic cancer,ovarian cancer,prostate cancer,bladder cancer,brain cancer,biliary tract malignant tumors or gastrointestinal stromal tumors.These patients were enrolled from 72 hospitals located in different regions of China.The patients’nutritional status was evaluated based on the body mass index(BMI),loss of bodyweight,laboratory measurements and patient generated-subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)scores.The cancer patients’physical status and QoL were assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)QLQ-C30 questionnaire,respectively.Results From December 2013 to April 2016,23,994 patients hospitalized for cancer treatment(such as surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy)were enrolled in the study.The patients included 12,494(52.9%)males and 11,124(47.1%)females.The mean age was 55.8±13.7 years.The proportions of patients in cancer stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳand uncertain were 11.5%,20.3%,27.5%,30.2%and 10.5%,respectively.Among the 23,994 inpatients,the proportions of patients who were underweight(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),normal(18.5 kg/m2<BMI<24 kg/m2),overweight(24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2)and obese(BMI≥28 kg/m2)were 9.3%,59.9%,26.1%and 4.7%,respectively.A total of 18.3%(4,101/22,424)of patients had lost 5%or more of their bodyweight within the past month and 19.6%(2,463/12,538)of patients had lost 10%or more of their bodyweight within the past 6 months.According to the PG-SGA scores,26.6%of the patients were severely malnourished(score≥9),31.3%were moderately malnourished(scores 4~8).A total of 22.2%of patients had a serum albumin level lower than 35g/L.Only 8.6%(2056/23,991)of the patients had severe KPS scores(≤60).The patients with these severe KPS scores were most frequently among those with cancers of the brain(19.7%),prostate(18.0%),pancreas(15.5%)and bladder(15.0%).Based on the QLQ-C30 score,11.6%of patients had a poor QoL.The PG-SGA score and global QoL were correlated(r=-0.593,P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with cancer is relatively high,and is related to a poorer QoL.The present findings should be kept in mind when assessing cancer patients,because addressing the patient’s problems in nutritional status would be expected to improve both the clinical outcomes and QoL in cancer patients with malnutrition.

Life Prediction Based on Transient Dynamics Analysis of Van Semi-trailer with Air Suspension System

The early fatigue damage in the van-body of the semi-trailer is often caused by the unique mechanical characteristics and the dynamic impact of the loads.The traditional finite element method with static strength analysis cannot support the fatigue design of van-body;thus,the dynamics analysis should be adopted for the endurance performance.The accurate dynamics model to describe the transient impacts of all kinds of uneven road and the proper system transfer functions to calculate the load transfer effects from tire to van-body are two critical factors for transient dynamics analysis.In order to evaluate the dynamic performance,the dynamics model of the trailer with the air suspension is brought forward.Then the analysis method of the power spectral density （PSD） is set up to study the transient responses of the road dynamic impacts.The transient responses transferred from axles to van-body are calculated,such as dynamic stress,dynamic RMS acceleration,and dynamic load factors.Based on the above dynamic responses,the fatigue life of van-body is predicted with the finite element analysis （FEA） method.Applying the test parameters of the trailer with air suspension,the simulation system with Matlab/Simulink is constructed to describe the dynamic responses of the impacts of the tested PSD of the vehicle axles,and then the fatigue life is predicted with FEA method.The simulated results show that the vibration level of the van-body with air suspension is reduced and the fatigue life is improved.The real vehicle tests on different roads are carried out,and the test results validate the accuracy of the simulation system.The proposed fatigue life prediction method is effective for the virtual design of auto-body.