Enzyme catalyzed esterifcation in organic solvent system depends highly oh conjugated salt pair at different PH. We ha,e shown that the addition of an appropriate sol id conjugated salt pair to the esterification rect...Enzyme catalyzed esterifcation in organic solvent system depends highly oh conjugated salt pair at different PH. We ha,e shown that the addition of an appropriate sol id conjugated salt pair to the esterification rection mixtues is a simple and convenient method to obtain optimal pH level con ditions throughout the reaction.展开更多
Mitochondrial degradation plays a vital role in seed deterioration.Novel markers were investigated based on a new method for quantifying maize seed deterioration during 12 months’storage under ambient(lab bench,~27℃...Mitochondrial degradation plays a vital role in seed deterioration.Novel markers were investigated based on a new method for quantifying maize seed deterioration during 12 months’storage under ambient(lab bench,~27℃ and 50-80%relative humidity(RH))or controlled((15±1)℃ and(50±5)%RH in bags with low oxygen permeability)conditions involving two techniques:1)fast ethanol assay and 2)quantitative RT-PCR(qPCR)with four mitochondrial-related genes in maize seed:alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1),alternative oxidase(AOX1),cytochrome c oxidase(COXc),and ATPase.Ethanol production during imbibition and the expression of genes using the new method were compared to the results of two conventional methods:a germination test and an accelerated ageing test.The results showed that germination following ambient seed storage reduced significantly compared to the controlled conditions,especially at 9 months of storage.Ethanol production of maize seed measured by fast ethanol assay increased during storage.After 6 months,the mean(n=4)ethanol production from seed under ambient conditions was 400μg L^-1 which was higher than under the controlled conditions(240μg L^-1).Stored mRNA level of COXc and ATPase significantly decreased over time in ambient storage but were quite stable under the controlled conditions.Maize seed was also treated for artificial ageing at 42℃ in 100%RH for 12,24,and 48 h.At 24 h after treatment(HAT),maize seed produced significantly more headspace ethanol than at 12 HAT and more than the control(non-treated seed).The transcription level of ADH1 and ethanol production increased.The transcription level of COXc was directly related to the severity of the ageing treatment.In conclusion,a combination of fast ethanol assay and qPCR enhanced understanding of maize seed deterioration and provided new possibilities for the evaluation of seed storability based on transcriptional levels.展开更多
The thermal property is one of the key properties for the design of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. In this study, the thermal properties transient automatic tester (HPP-F) is uesd to study the ther...The thermal property is one of the key properties for the design of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. In this study, the thermal properties transient automatic tester (HPP-F) is uesd to study the thermal conductivity of multiphase composite buffer/backfill material including the type B-Z and B-Z-P (Here B、Z、P represents bentonite、zeolite and pyrite respectively,the same as in the following.) in different dry density and moisture conditions. The results show that for the same moisture content (dry density), thermal conductivity of specimens increases as the dry density (moisture content) increases. As a result, the type B-Z-P which is highly compacted of 1.8 g/cm3 in dry density and 17.65% in moisture content performs well, it meets the requirements of the IAEA and is easy to be compacted ,so it can be recommend as a alternative material of high level radioactive waste disposal repository buffer/backfilling materials.展开更多
In Germany, all types of radioactive wastes will be disposed of in deep geological repositories. While a repository for low-level radioactive waste （LLW） has recently been licensed, different host rock formations ar...In Germany, all types of radioactive wastes will be disposed of in deep geological repositories. While a repository for low-level radioactive waste （LLW） has recently been licensed, different host rock formations are considered for disposal of heat producing high-level waste （HLW）. The latter includes directly disposed spent fuel （SF） and vitrified waste from its reprocessing. Different canisters and disposal concepts are considered for spent fuel disposal, i.e. thick-walled iron casks in horizontal drifts or thin-walled BSK3 steel casks in vertical boreholes. GRS is the leading expert institution in Germany concerning nuclear safety and waste management. For the recent 30 years, GRS has developed and continuously improves a set of computer codes, which allow assessing the performance and the long-term safety of repositories in various host rocks （salt, clay or granite） adopting different technical options. Advanced methods for deterministic as well as probabilistic assessments are available. To characterize the host rocks and backfill/buffer materials and to develop disposal technologies, comprehensive laboratory experiments and a large number of in-situ tests have been performed at GRS＇ geo-laboratory and underground research laboratories in different host formations. Thermo-hydro-mechanico-chemical （THMC） processes occurring in the host rocks and engineered barrier systems are numerically simulated. The paper presents an overview of GRS＇ work highlighting important results of performance assessment （PA） studies for both the salt and clay options. Also, recent results of in-situ investigations and laboratory studies are presented together with modeling results. Special emphasis is dedicated to the consideration of coupled THM processes which are of relevance in PA.展开更多
文摘Enzyme catalyzed esterifcation in organic solvent system depends highly oh conjugated salt pair at different PH. We ha,e shown that the addition of an appropriate sol id conjugated salt pair to the esterification rection mixtues is a simple and convenient method to obtain optimal pH level con ditions throughout the reaction.
基金supported by a Kasetsart University Graduate Scholarship, from the Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailandpartially funded by the Thailand Research Fund (MRG5980180)the Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE)
文摘Mitochondrial degradation plays a vital role in seed deterioration.Novel markers were investigated based on a new method for quantifying maize seed deterioration during 12 months’storage under ambient(lab bench,~27℃ and 50-80%relative humidity(RH))or controlled((15±1)℃ and(50±5)%RH in bags with low oxygen permeability)conditions involving two techniques:1)fast ethanol assay and 2)quantitative RT-PCR(qPCR)with four mitochondrial-related genes in maize seed:alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1),alternative oxidase(AOX1),cytochrome c oxidase(COXc),and ATPase.Ethanol production during imbibition and the expression of genes using the new method were compared to the results of two conventional methods:a germination test and an accelerated ageing test.The results showed that germination following ambient seed storage reduced significantly compared to the controlled conditions,especially at 9 months of storage.Ethanol production of maize seed measured by fast ethanol assay increased during storage.After 6 months,the mean(n=4)ethanol production from seed under ambient conditions was 400μg L^-1 which was higher than under the controlled conditions(240μg L^-1).Stored mRNA level of COXc and ATPase significantly decreased over time in ambient storage but were quite stable under the controlled conditions.Maize seed was also treated for artificial ageing at 42℃ in 100%RH for 12,24,and 48 h.At 24 h after treatment(HAT),maize seed produced significantly more headspace ethanol than at 12 HAT and more than the control(non-treated seed).The transcription level of ADH1 and ethanol production increased.The transcription level of COXc was directly related to the severity of the ageing treatment.In conclusion,a combination of fast ethanol assay and qPCR enhanced understanding of maize seed deterioration and provided new possibilities for the evaluation of seed storability based on transcriptional levels.
文摘The thermal property is one of the key properties for the design of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. In this study, the thermal properties transient automatic tester (HPP-F) is uesd to study the thermal conductivity of multiphase composite buffer/backfill material including the type B-Z and B-Z-P (Here B、Z、P represents bentonite、zeolite and pyrite respectively,the same as in the following.) in different dry density and moisture conditions. The results show that for the same moisture content (dry density), thermal conductivity of specimens increases as the dry density (moisture content) increases. As a result, the type B-Z-P which is highly compacted of 1.8 g/cm3 in dry density and 17.65% in moisture content performs well, it meets the requirements of the IAEA and is easy to be compacted ,so it can be recommend as a alternative material of high level radioactive waste disposal repository buffer/backfilling materials.
基金funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology(BMWi)and the Commission of the European Communities
文摘In Germany, all types of radioactive wastes will be disposed of in deep geological repositories. While a repository for low-level radioactive waste （LLW） has recently been licensed, different host rock formations are considered for disposal of heat producing high-level waste （HLW）. The latter includes directly disposed spent fuel （SF） and vitrified waste from its reprocessing. Different canisters and disposal concepts are considered for spent fuel disposal, i.e. thick-walled iron casks in horizontal drifts or thin-walled BSK3 steel casks in vertical boreholes. GRS is the leading expert institution in Germany concerning nuclear safety and waste management. For the recent 30 years, GRS has developed and continuously improves a set of computer codes, which allow assessing the performance and the long-term safety of repositories in various host rocks （salt, clay or granite） adopting different technical options. Advanced methods for deterministic as well as probabilistic assessments are available. To characterize the host rocks and backfill/buffer materials and to develop disposal technologies, comprehensive laboratory experiments and a large number of in-situ tests have been performed at GRS＇ geo-laboratory and underground research laboratories in different host formations. Thermo-hydro-mechanico-chemical （THMC） processes occurring in the host rocks and engineered barrier systems are numerically simulated. The paper presents an overview of GRS＇ work highlighting important results of performance assessment （PA） studies for both the salt and clay options. Also, recent results of in-situ investigations and laboratory studies are presented together with modeling results. Special emphasis is dedicated to the consideration of coupled THM processes which are of relevance in PA.
