Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility and flexible innovation networks： On the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development

Entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility is concerned with obligations that should be undertaken by an enterprise or ＂enterprise citizen＂ to the society including interrelationship between enterprise and some related interest dependents. And it is a sense of value, discipline and respect to the people, community and environment-related policies of the enterprise. Obviously, the core of the notion refers to a commitment of the enterprise in order to improve living standard of related interest counterparts. Nowadays, entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility has been not only an ethical call, but also an institutional constraint. The consensus is that in operation process an enterprise should take into account of its economic, social and ethical effects on consumers, staffs, shareholders, communities, local governments and environment and make a better prospect to them. Based on this point of view, by field work and questionnaire method, this paper discusses specifically the interaction between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and local development of the Pudong New Area, a China＇s largest special economic zone in Shanghai to explore dynamics of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities, growth of the local economy and their roles in promoting flexible innovation networks for sustainable futures. This involves： a. notion of the entrepreneurship corporate social responsibility; b. current state and trend of TNCs＇ R＆D activities; c. mode and linkage tightness between TNCs＇ R＆D activities and the local economy; d. main problems of the TNCs＇ R＆D activities in Pudong; e. the context of flexible innovation networks; and f. manner and ways in creation of flexible innovation networks.

Spatial-temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China during 2002–2018

Clarifying the relationship between social security and economic development is helpful to realize the sustainable social security system and the stable function of sustainable economic development.In this paper,the entropy method,coupling coordination degree,standard deviation ellipse model,and spatial autocorrelation were used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics of coupling coordination of social security and economic development in China from 2002 to 2018.The results indicate that the relationship between social security and economic development in China has been gradually strengthened in the process of mutual adaptation and common development.The benign interaction between the two was unstable,though the coupling coordination degree gradually transitioned to the primary coupling coordination type.Besides,from a spatial perspective,first,the coupling coordination degree of social security and economic development in China contracted in the east-west and north-south directions,and the coupling coordination clustered in the central region in this period;second,the coupling coordination degree generally presented a positive spatial autocorrelation,and regions with similar coupling coordination degrees were in a state of agglomeration;finally,the hot spots clumped together to form a continuous area in the eastern coastal area while the cold spots expanded toward the northwest and northeast.Furthermore,the random distribution areas exhibited a trend of contraction.

Statistical Communique of the People's Republic of China on the 1998 National Economic and Social Development

In 1998, facing the complicated and severe domestic and internationaleconomic environment, people of all nationalities, under the correct lead-ership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, implement-ed a series of policies aiming at increasing input and expanding domesticdemand. Difficulties brought about by the Asian financial crisis and dev-astating flooding were overcome, various reforms were further deepened,and economic growth was promoted, resulting in great achievements at-tracting worldwide attention.

The Way of the Social and Economic Development of China An Attempt of Historical and Synthetic Representation

The issue of social and economic development is an important part of theoretical and empirical research of the contemporary economy. China is an example of an economy which in a short period of time achieved success within this scope. Therefore it seems to be justified to draw the reader＇s attention to the factors and determinants which may be regarded as the key ones for the economy of China, both in the period of 1949-1978, namely, in the period of real socialism, and in the period after 1978, so-called ＂socialist market economy＂ to date. On the basis of an analysis of Polish and foreign reference sources and source materials, the author tried to trace both similarities and differences in China＇s economic development over those two periods, first of all paying attention to the Chinese authorities＇ pragmatism of governing in the other period, accompanied by limiting ideological influences. Maintaining the socialist system, in that period China worked out its own, specific principles, and rules of internal activities and activities in the international arena, which enabled to it the creation of a model, especially for developing countries, the system of economic planning and programming, its constant modernization during the implementation of economic tasks, with the consideration given to changing conditionings in the world economy. It was pointed out that with maintaining the laboriousness of the Chinese and their loyalty to authority, they make up China＇s economic power. The aim of the article is to pay special attention to the circumstances, phenomena, conditionings, and factors which occurred on the way to the social and economic development of China, which enabled it to achieve the economic success in a relatively short period of time. This success can be expressed by such indicators as for instance the poverty rate, the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, the value of export, and the value of foreign direct investment as well as other factors.

E-Government in Social and Economic Development： The Asymmetric Roles of Information, Institutionalization and Diffusion

There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens＇ participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.

The Influence of Expressway on Social and Economic Development

With the rapid growth in length of expressway, there is a Closer relation between expressway and social and economic development. Through detailed statistics and data, the paper explains the relationship of expressway and social and economic development, and analyzes the influence on social and economic development.

Zakat, Local Social Organization, and Social Capital in Rural Economic Development

Zakat as a source of development funding encourages well functioning of local organizations and social capital formation. Zakat management conducted by an organization with a set of norms promotes the development of local community organizations＇ function for the rural economic development activities. A case study was conducted in the Village of Patila, South Sulawesi Province. The community in this village successfully managed the selfsupporting development of social and agriculture infrastructures. Data collected were the activities of local organization of the board members of the mosque and educational development foundations, farmer group, and collective stall group. The results showed that a community truth on the mosque and educational development foundations was formed by the social infrastructure development of mosque and schools through the effectiveness of the zakat payment by rules （norms）. Both development foundations could function well through the network with villagers who migrate to other island as a potential zakat payer. Strengthening the social development organization supported the development of collective stall and pump farming system. The process of social and economic development in the Village of Patila as well as social capital formation encouraged people to carry out selfsupport development activities.

Analysis on the Development Trend of Contemporary Local Governance Mode from the perspective of Economic Policy and Environmental Capacity Optimization

As the basic level of national governance, local governance is deeply influenced by administrative tradition, political system and economic development level of a country. With more than thirty years of reform and opening up, the pattern of local governance has become diversified. The diversity of governance model cannot be managed in the same way, however, it cannot affect the government’s ability to play the initiative role of governance. We need to innovate and improve the existing local governance models.

Effects of Social and Economic Development of Regions Surrounding Chao Lake on Water Quality Change of Chao Lake

The research analyzed social and economic development around Chao Lake as well as changes of water quality in Chao Lake and explored the relation- ships of local population and GDP with water chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, chlorophyll and eutrophication index. The re- sults showed that population around Chao Lake and GDP kept growing from 2001 to 2013, and water quality was improving. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that except of water eutrophication, GDP and population showed inverse correlation with other indices, demonstrating that water quality has been effectively controlled in Chao Lake recently.

The Path of Human Rights Development with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era:the Coordinated Promotion of Social Rights Protection and Economic Development

The principle of marxist theory on the dialectical relationship between the economic base and superstructure is an important theoretical basis for recognizing the mutual relationship between social rights protection and economic development China and the West have different practical experience in handling their relations But a proper handling of their relations is conducive to promoting the development of human rights It is one-sided to either emphasize too much on social rights protection or to excessively pursue economic development The in-depth interaction between social rights protection and economic development is that they promote and restrict each other It is the right choice for human rights development with Chinese characteristics in the new era to promote social rights protection and economic development in a coordinated manner We should not only lay a solid material foundation for social rights protection with the high quality and efficiency of economic development, but also take social rights protection as the ultimate goal and strategic means to provide sufficient driving force for economic development And social rights protection and economic development should be synchronized.

Study on the Impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway on Highquality Economic and Social Development

Based on the new development concept in China's new stage of high-quality development,this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway(HSR)on high-quality economic and social development.We select the data of areas along Beijing-Shanghai HSR and adjacent unopened areas for quantitative comparative study,and summarize the important demonstration and enlightenment role of Beijing-Shanghai HSR.The results show that Beijing-Shanghai HSR,as an important national infrastructure project,not only improves the travel quality of people,but also drives the high-quality economic and social development,which is of great significance in promoting the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development along the line,especially in promoting green development.

The Social Security Miracle of China:Development Mechanism and Institutional Transformation

In the rapid progress of China’s economic development and social security,economic development has led to a higher level of social security.Every economic crisis or economic adjustment has created the opportunity for improving social security.This paper argues that there is a“shock-response”relationship between economic development and social security and analyzes how social security changed from the passive response to the active response.Due to economic growth,the politics centering on people’s livelihood has promoted the full coverage of the social security system.The government investment in social security has been increasing,showing a new pattern of“middle-level economic growth and middle-level social welfare”and is helping to shift away from the previous“put welfare behind development”model toward simultaneous development and coordinated development.Creating a virtuous cycle of social security and economic development has become a key issue that China must face and need to solve on its way to become a strong country.

Standization Trends in Local Regions Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Utilizes Standardization to Promote Economic Development

In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.

Regulatory Targets and Major Tacks for Economic and Social Development

The year 1998 was very unusual.Faced with the impact of the asian financial crisis,the central authorities resolutely made the

Research On the Implementation Path of Social Work Talent Cultivation in Local Colleges and Universities Under the Background of New Liberal Arts

The core task of the NEW LIBERAL ARTS construction is to cultivate a NEW LIBERAL ARTS talent team that can master multidisciplinary professional knowledge with high professional quality,strong comprehensive ability,and strong practical ability.The NEW LIBERAL ARTS construction is both an opportunity and a challenge to the development of social work majors,and how to integrate social work majors better into the NEW LIBERAL ARTS construction has become an increasingly urgent issue of social work education.This paper summarizes the action strategies for the cultivation of social work professionals in the context of the NEW LIBERAL ARTS construction through research and analysis on the basis of the inner connection between the NEW LIBERAL ARTS construction and the cultivation of social work talents.

A pattern for partnership between LMDH and Perhutani to enhance local community prosperity and preserve the forest:a case study at RPH Besowo,Kediri Regency,Indonesia

The deforestation in Indonesia is already alarming.One of the strategies used by the government to overcome forest deforestation is social forestry.This program is called PHBM(Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat/Joint Forest Management) which is basically a partnership program.This study aims at describing the partnership program between a local organization(i.e.LMDH) and a government unit(i.e.RPH of Perhutani) within the PHBM program.The objectives of this study are to(a) describe the model of partnerships between LMDH and RPH Besowo for sustainable forest management and local community empowerment;(b) determine the contribution of the forest to the national economy and rural household income;and(c) determine the obstacles commonly found in Besowo forest that have to be faced during the implementation of the partnerships.The study shows that with good partnership between these two units,the prosperity of the local community can be enhanced and the forest preservation can be maintained.The model of the partnerships in this particular area in Indonesia is expected to be applicable as well in other rural areas in Indonesia,as well as in other developing countries.

Exploring the nexus between Indian forestry and the Sustainable Development Goals

Forests are considered as a sacred asset in India and have guided the way of living throughout its history.Indian forests not only accommodate the myriad species but also act as a survival support system to the communities that depended on them.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations(UN)has gained momentum and becomes an integral part of the recent efforts of Indian governance.In this investigation,we examined the potential nexus between Indian forestry system(biodiversity-enriched assets,ecosystem services,constitutional mechanisms,and governances)and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)through theoretical underpinnings from literature that selected from database like Google Scholar,Indian forest survey reports,and information retrieved from Indian government websites.The significance of this review is that it presents comprehensive information about Indian forestry,biodiversity-rich assets,and sustainable forest management practices.The results show that Indian forestry as a whole is an integral part of the food-energy-water cycle and contributes to all dimensions of sustainable development,i.e.,economic sustainability,social sustainability,and environmental sustainability.The investigation confirms that besides partly contributing to the economy and life support systems to many dependent species,forests also act as boosters in the areas of food security and health.Targets related to the climate action,peace,and partnership goals are well in place through various forestry interventions and environmental commitments by the Government of India.