Flexner's legacy and the future of medical education:Embracing challenge and opportunity

This editorial comments on the article by Alzerwi.We focus on the development course,present challenges,and future perspectives of medical education.Modern medical education is gradually undergoing significant and profound changes worldwide.The emergence of new ideas,methodologies,and techniques has created opportunities for medical education developments and brought new concerns and challenges,ultimately promoting virtuous progress in medical education reform.The sustainable development of medical education needs joint efforts and support from governments,medical colleges,hospitals,researchers,administrators,and educators.

Analysis on the Educational Administration in the Secondary Schools of Institutions of Higher Learning

In this paper, new ideas for the educational administration in the secondary schools of general institutions of higher learning are proposed, and then the functional orientation of the educational administration in the secondary schools is comprehensively analyzed starting from the main aspects of the educational administration, and finally suggestions on how to enhance the educational administration in the secondary schools are given by the author.

The Way of Constructing the Diversified and Joint Administration Model of School-Enterprise Cooperation and Education

With the rapid development of the world,the needs of society and enterprises for all kinds of talents are also increasing.Of course,the cultivation of application-oriented talents is the demand for the survival and development of students,as well as the training goals of major schools.Through schoolenterprise cooperation,the employment rate of students can be effectively improved.However,due to the limitations of many conditions,the current diversified school-enterprise cooperation model also faces some problems.This article provides some measures for the problems that exist on the way and how to construct them.

Research of University Educational Administration System Bottlenecks and Overall Optimization Scheme

This paper analyzes of the bottleneck to influence the running efficiency of educational administration system in universities and colleges,and from the system deployment architecture, server configuration, database SQL statement optimization and other aspects, it puts forwards the optimization scheme.

Comparisons of Undergraduate Business Administration Education in Greater Bay Area, China

Business administration education plays an important part in supporting the development of business industry and ensuring the ongoing supply of qualified human resources to meet the demanding industry requirements.However,the dramatic growth of the economy has not been accompanied by an adequate response from the education system.It is therefore,necessary to review the existing business administration programs.This paper will make a comparison of the current undergraduate programs in Business Administration in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the six dimensions:curriculum and instruction;strategic planning;administrative management;faculty;student achievements;and resources.Suggestions for the further development of Business Administration programs in the bay area will then be proposed.

Experimental Analysis on the Development of Cognitive Processes in Childhood Through Body Experience

This study aims at comparing the effect of an innovative educational approach,based on the continuous relationship between mind and body,to traditional methodologies;more in particular,it focuses on the cognitive processes of language and memory in childhood.Previous studies showed that the Embodiment Theory of Conceptual Representations considers the extent to which the concepts are embodied,i.e.,the way their conceptual features are represented in sensory and motor brain areas in an experience-dependent way.Similarly,the Motor Theory of Language suggests considering phonetic gestures,made by the speaker to produce them as language perception objects,reproduced in the brain as real invariant motor commands.This longitudinal research analyzed the impact of a museum-based education on the memory and language process of children aged 3-6 years,with the purpose of building links between the evolutionary dimension and the didactic dimension.In a wider perspective,these aspects assume great importance for educators that aim to train qualified students,ethically informed and trained as world citizens,starting from neuroscientific discoveries.

The effects on students＇ physical and mental health of colleges and universities carrying out ideological and political education

In the background of modem education, ideological and political education and health education in universities play an important part in quality education. In higher education, ideological and political education and health education plays a role in their respective fields. Ideological and political education determines socialist direction of education and promotes the development of quality education. Mental health education starting from individual students, which improves student＇ s personality, promotes the comprehensive development of students; further promote the development of quality education. We can say that physical and mental health education and ideological and political education are supplementary to each other as well as enrich and expand health education, ideological and political education.

Study on Education Model of Innovation An Entrepreneurship Based on School-Enterprise Cooperation Platform——Take business administration as an example

Innovation requires education to further deepen reform.Facing the market demand,the college business administration specialty needs the teaching reform,enhances the specialized talented person's comprehensive quality.By analyzing the character istics of education in colleges and universities,this paper innovatively puts forward the school-enterprise cooperation mode to pro vide reference for the reform of higher education.

Effect of Medication Safety Education Program on Intensive Care Nurses’ Knowledge regarding Medication Errors

Background: Medication errors are the iceberg of patient safety in hospitals and leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients. Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the effect of an educational program of medication safety on the knowledge of critical care nurses regarding intravenous medication errors. Methods Design: There are one group pretest and posttest designs. Subject: A convenient sample of all registered nurses (52) works in Palestine Medical Complex. Data collection tools: A self-administered knowledge determination questionnaire consists of both qualitative and quantitative statements to measure level of knowledge, used as data collection tool in pre and post educational sessions, with educational booklet as intervention tool. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Version 18. The results are presented as frequency & percentage as appropriate at alpha level of P < 0.05;inferential statistics were generated. Paired t-test was used to perform the comparisons. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the knowledge level for the intensive care unit’s nurses regarding the intravenous medication administration during pre and post education program. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant between age, educational degree, critical units/wards, years of nursing experience and previous medication administration education program of the nurses and their knowledge during different phases of program intervention. Conclusion: Educational program on medication safety improves the knowledge of critical care nurses regarding intravenous medication errors. This study recommends that medication errors should be periodically assessed by improving clinical guidelines of medication administration.

Experiences of graduates in Massachusetts of the United States from a RN-to-BSN program

Objective:To generate an understanding of the lived experiences of a shared central phenomenon of RN-to-BSN graduates and determine their perceptions of the value of their BSN degree.Methods:The data collection procedure was open-ended,semi-structured,which was consisted of one-on-one interviews with 12 nurses who are licensed in Massachusetts and who are graduates of RN-to-BSN programs.Results:The findings identified seven major emerging themes,a)job requirement,b)promotion,c)professional growth,d)personal growth,e)family obligations,f)time and energy,and h)compensation.The themes were incomparable through all emerging themes.Conclusions:The research data analysis supports the need for the non-BSN RNs to continue their education to the BSN level should be central for nurse executives in hiring positions to help non-BSN staff RNs interested in these positions to meet the BSN requirement for applying for jobs that they may qualify for,but do not possess the BSN degree.There was a definite connection between job requirement and promotion from all the research study participants.

Communicating Different and Higher across the Praxis of Bloom’s Taxonomy While Shifting toward Health at Every Size (HAES)

The majority of recent studies on prevention and control of childhood obesity focus on methods for achieving weight loss. In contrast, the Health at Every Size (HAES) paradigm fosters improved health behaviors for people of all sizes by emphasizing natural diversity of body type and attention to social, emotional, and spiritual factors in addition to physical ones. This study examined introduction of the HAES paradigm to student teachers using different communication models while moving across the learning domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The qualitative research tested a face-to-face verbal communication model and a Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) module and its blog. It was also based upon reflection diaries recorded by participants using both models. Participants included Druze, Jewish, and Bedouin students at a teacher training program in northern Israel. The student teachers succeeded in developing the HAES concepts further while demonstrating the higher domain levels across Bloom’s Taxonomy. These higher levels emerged when engaging with theoretical concepts and practical dilemmas relating to the HAES concepts of health promotion, body image, well-being, and self-worth. Challenging the appreciation of HAES using different communication models can be translated into diverse contexts of Health Education Practices.

Causal effect of education on type 2 diabetes:A network Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND The causality between education and type 2 diabetes(T2DM)remains unclear.AIM To identify the causality between education and T2DM and the potential metabolic risk factors[coronary heart disease(CHD),total cholesterol,lowdensity lipoprotein,triglycerides(TG),body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),fasting insulin,fasting glucose,and glycated hemoglobin]from summarized genome-wide association study(GWAS)data used a network Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Two-sample MR and network MR were performed to obtain the causality between education-T2DM,education-mediator,and mediator-T2DM.Summary statistics from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium(discovery data)and Neale Lab consortium(replication data)were used for education and DIAGRAMplusMetabochip for T2DM.RESULTS The odds ratio for T2DM was 0.392(95%CI:0.263-0.583)per standard deviation increase(3.6 years)in education by the inverse variance weighted method,without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.Education was genetically associated with CHD,TG,BMI,WC,and WHR in the discovery phase,yet only the results for CHD,BMI,and WC were replicated in the replication data.Moreover,BMI was genetically associated with T2DM.CONCLUSION Short education was found to be associated with an increased T2DM risk.BMI might serve as a potential mediator between them.

Perspectives for a“Radical”Brand of Pedagogy.Gender,Techno-sciences and the Economy of Bodies

The techniques related to reproduction are progressively transforming the female body into a machine functional to conception.In the past,reproductive biology was an aspect of labour.We recall,for instance,how the breastfeeding of the children of women from the wealthier classes was performed by paid wet nurses,an antecedent to the use of female bodies by the labour market.However,today with the emergence of the bio-economy,new forms of use of the female body are emerging.Therefore,an economy based on incorporeal,intangible assets like knowledge is flanked by one comprising undeniably material goods like the human body(the womb,the umbilical cord,seminal fluid,etc.)on which the transnational human reproduction trade is based.While aware that we are in the face of a natural evolution of human experience,we cannot but recognise the problematic nature of these changes and propose a formative model as radical as the changes that these events cause.Pedagogy,due to its identity,as well as to its critical and contestative function,interwoven with its commitment to politic,as a pro-civilization project,and to ethics,the goal of which is human wellbeing,can conjure up“outdated”models of education and training,capable of rejecting the narcissism and conformity that characterise contemporary life.As far as practice is concerned,radical pedagogy can intervene in issues regarding the education and training of those carry out research and who,because of the excessive fragmentation of knowledge,cannot always obtain the overall view they need to be able to foresee the consequences the outcomes of their work suggest.This kind of pedagogy can also have an impact on the community,on the increasingly unconscious succubus of an ideologically neo-liberal project which has set in motion a process capable of influencing individuals,causing them to“renounce thinking”when it comes to addressing problems related to women’s health and the future generations.

Analysis of Anthropometric Measurements and Dietary Intake in Patients Undergoing a Multi-Professional Osteoarthritis Education Program (PARQVE-Project Arthritis Recovering Quality of Life by Means of Education)

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) has a major impact on mobility and the loss of productivity of patients, especially knee OA (KOA). Obesity is one of the main risk factors for the incidence and prevalence of KOA. Weight loss alone decreases pain and improves quality of life and functional scores. Objective: To use BMI, body fat, and calorie intake to measure the effect of a multi-professional educational program on patients with KOA and correlate these measurements with subjective questionnaire results. Methods: A total of 198 patients undergoing standard treatment for KOA were randomized to 4 groups. All groups received written and video information regarding KOA. Three groups (1, 2 and 3) also attended two days of lectures 1, 2 and 3 months apart, respectively, whereas group 4 did not. Each group was divided into subgroups A (bimonthly telephone calls) and B (no telephone calls). All patients were evaluated at baseline and at one year for BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage of body fat, and calorie intake and with the WOMAC, LEQUESNE, VAS and SF-36 questionnaires. Results: The WHR showed 89.4% of android obesity at baseline and 87.9% at one year without improvement (p = 0.38). Body fat decreased by 0.44% regardless of group or subgroup. Calorie intake was different between groups (p = 0.019) according to phone calls and follow-up (p = 0.03). BMI and body fat percentage were correlated with the WOMAC, WOMAC pain, VAS and LEQUESNE scores at baseline and at reassessment. Weight was correlated with the baseline results of the WOMAC pain (r = 0.175, p = 0.014), VAS (r = 0.155, p = 0.029), LEQUESNE (r = 0.161, p = 0.023), SF-36-PCS (r = ?0.186, p = 0.009) and SF-36-MCS (r = 0.155, p = 0.029) scores and with the one-year results of the WOMAC (r = 0.155, p = 0.029) and WOMAC pain (r = 0.151, p = 0.034) scores. Conclusion: The multi-professional treatment program had very little impacts on the percentage of body fat. This improvement was independent of classes, telephone calls, or improvements in pain, function and quality of life. Calorie intake improvement was influenced by telephone calls and classes but was not associated with objective measurements of/or changes in weight, BMI, or body fat percentage or with subjective improvements.

Upshots of health education among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A field study in Mysuru

Objective:This study was conducted to assess the impact of health education on lifestyle modification and disease status of diabetic patients for 6 months in rural Mysuru in Southern India.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 104 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural Mysuru,India from July to December 2022.Participants were assigned to two groups:intervention(n=52)and control(n=52),and their data were collected.The intervention group was educated about the disease and its management and was given printed pamphlets containing information to be followed,whereas the participants in the control group were asked to continue their routine health checkups.The body mass index(BMI),weight,fasting blood sugar(FBS),knowledge about the disease,and behavior changes were recorded and compared between the two groups before and after 6 months.Results:The mean FBS value,BMI and weight decreased significantly in the intervention group after 6 months(FBS:164.79±47.59 mg/dL vs.141.92±25.63 mg/dL,P<0.001;BMI:22.97±3.75 kg/m2 vs.22.62±3.29 kg/m2,P<0.05;weight:62.82±11.92 kg vs.61.54±10.67 kg,P<0.05).The posttest period also showed an improvement in physical activity,diet,and medication adherence in the intervention group compared to the control group(P<0.05).The knowledge scores also improved postintervention which was statistically significant with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test(P<0.05).Conclusions:The effectiveness of the educational intervention was also supported by lower FBS levels and decrease in BMI and weight compared to before.The findings of this study may help and make it easier to plan studies on people with diabetes mellitus in various settings.

Strengening Management of Human Resources in Certification Body

Human resources are at the core ofany certification body.To establish the public credibilityof its work,a certification body must constructa professional and high quality personnel team thatcan meet the demands of various certificationtasks.The China Quality Mark Certification Group(CQM Group) attaches great importance to the constructionof human resources.Taking the training offirst-rate personnel as the primary objective of itsstrategic development,the Group has formulatedand gradually implemented the human resource developmentstrategy.It has also adapted and improvedthe professional structure of its certificationpersonnel in a timely manner,planned and organizedcontinuous education for these personnel andstrengthened monitoring of the use process of certificationpersonnel.This has been done to improvethe core competitiveness of the CQM Group and torealize the strategic objective of becoming an "internationalname brand certification body with first-ratepersonnel,first-rate management,first-rate qualityand first-rate services".

Safety Parts of Body to Respiration with Breathing Apparatus in Dangerous Zone

People are witnesses of life imperilling and working background too, as today, even during the evolution. People＇s life interface is disturbed with different shapes of contamination： natural disasters （floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the other）; on purpose or accidentally-different shapes like： wars, fires, chemical fates, using of dangerous materials in production processes and everyday life... In these mentioned specific conditions, breathing is imperiled, like the vital function of men＇s life and working interfaces. With the technical-technology progress, it is enclosed the development equipment for protection and safety of the respiratory parts of body, faces and eyes, regard to breathing apparatus. Applying the breathing apparatus, the total protection of the respiratory parts of the body, faces and eyes to aggressive materials, smoke and warmth is enabled. Today in the world there are many producers of breathing apparatus with similar technical-technological solutions, of which should be mentioned the main ones： MSA Auer, Dr/iger and Interspiro. Using of the breathing apparatus in practice, continual performation of different activities without consequences for the health and life of the user is enabled, what firstly depends on the user＇s education, regular using, controlling examination and maintenance/servicing.

Graduate education of library science in China:Current status and recommendations for improvement

More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS graduate education was also facing enormous challenges stemming from the dynamic development and wide applications of information technologies into the pedagogical arena of teaching and learning at all levels.Social evolution also made it necessary for LS educators to re-examine once again their graduate education model,curricular composition,educational philosophy and educational missions.In analyzing the present situation of LS graduate education in China,this paper focuses on the following issues:1)Growing size of LS graduate education(quantity and quality);2)educational objectives,including research direction and placement for graduates;3)structure of knowledge and curricular construction;4)conditions of administering a library school of high quality and 5)the management of teaching resources.The keystone of this paper is to pinpoint where current library science curricular deficiencies are lying.It is hoped that more serious scholarly discussions and perhaps also even concerted efforts among LS scholars and library practioners may be evoked in having the graduate education system of library and information science thoroughly realigned for the informational needs of the 21st century.

The Significance of Administrative Management and Campus Culture Construction

Cultural construction has gradually become the focus of the public with the continuous improvement of materials.The construction of university campus culture has become an important symbol of university inheritance and construction.A good school cultural atmosphere has a subtle positive impact on the physical and mental development of students.In order maximize the role of campus culture construction in college education,the quality and effectiveness of administrative management needs to be improved,which plays an irreplaceable role in the campus culture construction.Campus cultural construction and administrative management complement each other to create a harmonious cultural and educational environment in colleges and universities.

Emergency medicine residencies structure of trainees'administrative experience:A cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND:While the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education(ACGME)mandates that emergency medicine residencies provide an educational curriculum that includes administrative seminars and morbidity and mortality conference,there is significant variation as to how administrative topics are implemented into training programs.We seek to determine the prevalence of dedicated administrative rotations and details about the components of the curriculum.METHODS:In this descriptive study,a 12-question survey was distributed via the CORD listserv;each member program was asked questions concerning the presence of an administrative rotation and details about its components.These responses were then analyzed with simple descriptive statistics.RESULTS:A total of 114 of the 168 programs responded,leading to a 68%response rate.Of responders,73%have a dedicated administrative rotation(95%CI 64.0 to 80.4).The content areas covered by the majority of programs with a dedicated program include performance improvement(n=68),patient safety(n=64),ED operations(n=58),patient satisfaction(n=54),billing and coding(n=47),and inter-professional collaboration(n=43).Experiential learning activities include review of patient safety reports(n=66)and addressing patient complaints(n=45).Most of the teaching on the rotation is either in-person(n=65)and/or self-directed reading assignments(n=48).The most commonly attended meetings during the rotation include performance improvement(n=60),ED operations(n=59),and ED faculty(n=44).CONCLUSION:This paper provides an overview of the most commonly covered resident administrative experiences that can be a guide as we work to develop an ideal administrative curriculum for EM residents.