Performance of Two Food Substrates in the Mass Rearing of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a major constraint to mango production in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of food substrates in optimizing the mass rearing of B. dorsalis larvae. For this purpose, 200 eggs of B. dorsalis were divided into four batches of 50 eggs and incubated in Petri dishes containing the different food substrates (Diet 1 and Diet 2). This method was used to evaluate the rate and duration of egg hatching, as well as the development time of the different larval stages. In addition, 1200 pupae divided into four batches of 300 pupae, contained in PVC tubes, were placed inside the rearing cages to monitor the emergence of B. dorsalis. Ten pairs of B. dorsalis were placed in rearing cages and fed with Enzymatic Yeast Hydrolysate and sugar to evaluate the fecundity of female flies and the survival of both sexes. The developmental cycle length in Diet 1 and Diet 2 was 23.03 days and 23.24 days, respectively. Fecundity duration ranged from 57.75 ± 2.29 to 109.81 ± 3.81 days for females from Diet 1 and Diet 2, respectively. The pupal hatching rate varied significantly (P B. dorsalis, but the spawning index was 4 times higher with Diet 1. Most of the components of Diet 1 are available on the local market and are cheaper. Thus, we recommend the use of Diet 1 for B. dorsalis larvae mass rearing.

Food synthetic biology-driven protein supply transition: From animal-derived production to microbial fermentation

Animal-derived protein production is one of the major traditional protein supply methods,which continues to face increasing challenges to satisfy global needs due to population growth,augmented individual protein consumption,and aggravated environmental pollution.Thus,ensuring a sustainable protein source is a considerable challenge.The emergence and development of food synthetic biology has enabled the establishment of cell factories that effectively synthesize proteins,which is an important way to solve the protein supply problem.This review aims to discuss the existing problems of traditional protein supply and to elucidate the feasibility of synthetic biology in the process of protein synthesis.Moreover,using artificial bioengineered milk and artificial bioengineered eggs as examples,the progress of food protein supply transition based on synthetic biology has been systematically summarized.Additionally,the future of food synthetic biology as a potential source of protein has been also discussed.By strengthening and innovating the application of food synthetic biology technologies,including genetic engineering and high-throughput screening methods,the current limitations of artificial foods for protein synthesis and production should be addressed.Therefore,the development and industrial production of new food resources should be explored to ensure safe,high-quality,and sustainable global protein supply.

Biotechnological and food synthetic biology potential of platform strain:Bacillus licheniformis

Bacillus licheniformis is one of the most characteristic Gram-positive bacteria.Its unique genetic background and safety characteristics make it have important biologic applications in the food industry,including,the biosyn-thesis of high value-added bioproducts,probiotic functions,biological treatment of wastes derived from food production,etc.In this review,these recent advances are summarized and presented systematically for the first time.In addition,we highlight synthetic biology strategies as a potential driver of developing this strain for wider and more efficient application in the food industry.Finally,we present the current challenges faced and provide our unique perspective on relevant future research directions.In summary,this review will provide an illumi-nating and comprehensive perspective that will allow an in-depth understanding of B.licheniformis and promote its more effective development in the food industry.

Revisiting the Major Mental Disorders and Updating the Nosological Schema: A Synthesis

Recently, conciliating findings from molecular genetics, evolutionary biology, along with empirical clinical evidence regarding the major mental disorders (MMDs) namely bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the anxieties with depression, autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) all point to a common neural-developmental origin. Genetic loci associated with schizophrenia do not directly lead to the disorder;instead, they code for the expression of lopsided, temperamental, variants in individuals that originate mainly from one part of our human nature which applies also, to the rest of the MMDs. These individuals contribute to the flexibility, robustness, and creative input of our species, concomitantly, they incur vulnerability to the development of a MMD as an evolutionary trade off. MMDs initially, are expressed as periodic epiphenomena on the underlying temperamental extreme variants of brain function. Their expressions tend to become permanent. Underlying, aberrant traits remain unaltered. Their clinical expressions are characterized by “either-or”, antithetical substitutes, in addition to co-occurring psychosis. The latter is a common occurrence to other assaults on brain function. Characteristic, “ether-or” symptoms are the result of a disturbed, overall, coordinating property of brain function, normally responsive to the smooth, synchronizing expression of all higher mental faculties. Clinical findings point to the need of modifying the current schema in order to better reflect their collective significance in order to help guide research to a new, more promising direction in elucidating their triggers, development, and mechanisms whereby opening a new horizon for therapy and treatment.

Seasonal diet of the Great Spotted Woodpecker(Picoides major) in shelterwood plantations of Wulate Qianqi County,Inner Mongolia

The feeding habits of the Great Spotted Woodpecker （Picoides major） were surveyed by field observations and trace checking from 2005 to 2007, in Wulate Qianqi County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, during which the woodpecker performed fourteen types of foraging techniques. Pecking and hammering were most common in winter; gleaning and probing were most common at times of high food availability at the trunk and tree branches during the breeding season and in summer. The woodpecker gleans arthropods and insect larvae in the breeding season and summer, seeds and nuts mainly in the winter and pokes holes for sap-sucking in winter. The main diet consisted of arthropods and plant seeds. The diet was significantly different between seasons The Great Spotted Woodpecker primarily consumes defoliators and the food on tree trunks from March to October. The contribution of wood borers to the diet was higher in winter, lower in the breeding season and summer. The proportion of the food on ground was small in the breeding season and high in the Summer and winter.

依托科研平台的生物类专业本科生创新能力培养路径研究与实践

针对生物类专业本科生创新能力培养缺乏系统性的问题,开展依托于科研平台的本科生创新能力培养路径研究,构建较为完善的培养体系。通过多途径畅通对接渠道,与研究生合作学习大型仪器设备的使用和相关实验技能,参与实验室学术研讨;以教师科研课题、大学生创新创业项目、生物学科竞赛、中小学生科普为训练载体,有效增加本科生科研论文和学科竞赛等科研成果的产出。这些训练提升其根据文献发现问题并设计实验验证和解决问题的思维和意识,进而有效地提高生物类专业本科生科研创新能力。

基于地方产业需求的卓越职业技能型食品专业人才培养模式构建

为探索卓越职业技能型食品人才培养模式,提升食品专业人才职业能力,聚焦地方产业发展,结合课堂教学改革创新,充分论述食品专业人才培养体系目前存在的问题及重构的重要性,开展重庆市地方食品企业人才职业能力需求度调查,提出提升食品专业人才职业技能的人才培养方案,即从构建产业课程及“双向”实践教学体系、提升基本职业能力及制定人才质量的行业评价体系等方面进行系统阐述,探究多维度模块化课程体系,拓宽学生产业化视野,提升学生职业技能认知度,建立学校培养与产业需求零距离衔接机制。

践行党的二十大精神 重塑传统特色国家一流专业

以党的二十大精神为指引,全面剖析河南工业大学传统优势专业过程装备与控制工程专业发展历程、发展现状、目前面临的机遇和挑战。结合专业目前存在的机遇和挑战,提出专业未来建设的具体思路、举措和核心问题,以期在党的二十大精神的指引下、重塑传统特色国家一流过程装备与控制工程专业,紧跟当前科技发展步伐,调整优化专业发展目标,引领粮机装备的持续发展,为国家粮食安全作出新的贡献。

乡村振兴背景下食品类专业学位研究生食品包装实践能力培养模式

实践能力培养是专业学位研究生培养的核心环节,也是衡量研究生分类培养质量的关键区分领域。从食品类专业学位研究生培养存在的问题分析出发,结合乡村振兴对食品包装实践能力的需求特点,提出了基于村校协同、产教协同的研究生食品包装实践能力培养模式,包括建立“2+3+3”村校协同育人模式、实施食品包装专业实践项目(案例)、优化乡村振兴“双导师”制、发挥高校-产业技术创新联盟纽带作用、推进研究生专项制改革等方法。经验证,该模式应用成效显著,可以作为食品类专业学位研究生以及食品包装相关的其他专业硕士学位研究生开展专业实践的参考或示范。

高职食品类专业《仪器分析》信息化教学实践探索

探索运用信息化教学资源构建教学场景,破解高职食品类专业仪器分析课程实训难点。实践结果表明,通过信息化资源的建设和应用,能有效提升课程的教学效果,培养了学生自主学习的习惯,夯实学生的专业基础岗位能力,提高学生操作技能、发现问题和解决问题的能力。

“实验设计与统计分析”在食品科学与工程专业中的教学改革探索

“实验设计与统计分析”是关于数理统计原理和方法的应用课程,是食品科学与工程专业及其相近专业课程的重要基础课程。该课程对于培养食品科学与工程专业学生的数据分析与实验设计的能力有着尤为重要的意义。以“实验设计与统计分析”课程教学过程中存在的教学模式单一、内容抽象难懂、软件普及不足等问题为切入点,提出了强化上机实践、丰富统计软件等改革策略和措施,旨在培养具有大数据分析能力的应用型食品专业人才。

分子生物学技术在食品病原微生物检测中的应用探索

随着食品安全问题日益凸显,快速准确地检测病原微生物显得尤为重要。分子生物学技术以其灵敏度高、特异性强、检测时间短等优势,在食品病原微生物检测中展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文首先介绍分子生物学技术在食品病原微生物检测中的应用意义,然后分析应用存在的问题,最后提出有效的应对策略。未来,随着技术的不断进步与创新,分子生物学技术在食品安全检测领域将发挥更加重要的作用。

食品类专业“中高本”一体化人才培养路径探究

职业教育作为我国教育结构中的重要组成部分,备受国家重视。推进“中高本”一体化的职业教育人才培养模式,是推进我国现代职业教育体系改革的重大决策。基于此,文章以高职教育中的食品类专业为例,探讨食品类专业“中高本”一体化人才培养路径,包括目标确定、课程设置、标准制定、校企合作、校校联合、教学评价等方面的创新举措,以推动食品类专业人才培养模式的创新与改进,更好地满足行业需求和社会发展的需要。

浅析“1+X”证书制度下食品专业课证融通创新实践策略

随着社会经济的发展,食品行业不断壮大,食品专业人才的培养质量越来越受到重视,“1+X”证书制度作为一种新的证书制度,为食品专业人才培养提供了新的途径。因此,本文探讨了“1+X”证书下食品专业课证融通创新的实践策略,旨在提升食品专业人才培养质量,促进食品专业的发展。

公安院校食药环微专业实验室建设与课程设计研究与探索

微专业作为一种跨学科专业教育模式,以灵活、开放的模式构筑学生跨学科专业素养。以食药环犯罪治理微专业核心课程之一食药环犯罪涉案物品检测鉴定为例,对双一流背景下公安院校微专业实验室的建设思路与总体目标进行了分析。从实验项目设置、实验室建设与管理方案、实验室科研创新方向等方面,对食药环微专业实验室建设思路与实验课程设计进行了探讨。

化肥“零增长”政策会影响粮食安全吗:基于准自然实验的RD检验

基于我国13个粮食主产区2004—2021年的面板数据,将2015年化肥“零增长”政策视为一次准自然实验,采用断点回归实证检验化肥“零增长”政策对我国粮食主产区化肥施用水平的影响,进而分析此政策对我国粮食安全的影响。断点回归结果表明:化肥“零增长”政策可显著降低化肥施用强度,同时对粮食产量和3大粮食作物(稻谷、小麦和玉米)产量提升具有显著的促进效应。影响机制分析表明:化肥“零增长”政策对粮食产量的促进效应源于化肥利用效率的提高,粮食主产区内高度集中且呈规模化的化肥减量增效行动能够催生粮食增产的规模效应。异质性分析表明:在化肥“零增长”政策冲击下,东部地区和中部地区的粮食总产量和稻谷、小麦和玉米产量均显著提升,中部地区和东北地区的化肥施用强度显著降低。粮食主产区在实现化肥减量增效的同时,确保了粮食生产能力不下降甚至提高,进而有效地保障了国家粮食安全。由此表明,进一步实施化肥“零增长”政策,可以实现化肥减量增效与保障粮食安全的“双赢”,更好地推动农业绿色发展,助力农业强国建设。

细胞培养肉高效合成的生物学基础与技术挑战

随着社会发展水平的不断提升,全球肉制品消耗量快速增长。细胞培养肉是农业食品科技的一场革命,随着国际上细胞培养肉工程化技术的迅速发展,国内在这方面的差距逐步显现。本文综述细胞培养肉高效合成的生物学基础,包括动物细胞功能维持与发育过程机制,关键生长因子解析与生物合成,细胞大规模低成本培养关键技术以及细胞培养肉食用品质提升的生物学过程,讨论细胞培养肉工业化制造面临的技术挑战,并对细胞培养肉技术的未来重点攻关方向进行展望,为实现细胞培养肉的可持续生物制造提供理论和实践依据。

“以学生为中心”的生物化学与分子生物学多样化课程思政模式研究与实践

目的 采用多样化课程思政方式以达到“以学生为中心”的教学目的,进而提升学生的融入程度与思政学习效果。方法 组织教师深入挖掘思政要素;提高师资队伍的思政意识;按照不同类型的思政要素,选取“以学生为中心”的不同形式的授课方式来进行课程思政;通过调查问卷的形式采集学生的反馈信息。结果 对于生物化学与分子生物学专业课程思政的改革,学生认为课程思政能够在不同的思想教育方面对自己产生较大的影响。结论 “以学生为中心”的多样化课程思政模式可以更好的提高专业课思政的授课效果。

基于课程思政的融合教学模式探索--以细胞生物学课程为例

立德树人是高等教育的根本任务,而将课程思政融入课堂教学是实现“三全育人”的重要途径。以杭州师范大学生物科学专业细胞生物学教学为例,构建思政视域下的课内外、校内外、线上线下资源充分混合,并将任务驱动教学、案例教学、实践教学等不同形式融合其中的教学模式。结合该校师范专业人才培养方案和教学大纲,将立德树人和“三位一体”的教育理念融入细胞生物学课重要知识点,有助于培养学生严谨科学作风和爱国情怀,与思政教育同向同行,形成协同效应。

劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性的影响研究--基于中国粮食主产区的实证

粮食安全是“国之大者”,随着农业劳动力大量转移,粮食生产韧性是否受到影响及受到的影响有多大,已成为新时期的重要议题。基于中国粮食主产区2010-2022年省域面板数据,通过构建主产区粮食生产韧性的综合指标体系,首先使用熵权与变异系数综合赋权法对其进行测度,其次选用固定效应模型实证检验农业劳动力转移对粮食生产韧性影响的内在逻辑。研究发现:农业劳动力转移有助于主产区粮食生产韧性的提升,且对粮食生产韧性的促进效应在较长时间序列上均稳健成立。具体而言,农业劳动力转移每增加1%,主产区粮食生产韧性水平将会平均增加1.712 0%。研究还发现,北方和南方主产区农业劳动力转移影响粮食生产韧性水平存在明显异质性,北方主产区的提升作用更为显著。因此,进一步引导农业劳动力非农转移推动区域粮食生产韧性水平提升,是新时期保障我国粮食安全的有效途径。