Seismic analysis of dam-foundation-reservoir system including the effects of foundation mass and radiation damping

One of the main concerns in using commercial software for finite element analyses of dam-foundation-reservoir systems is that the simplifying assumptions of the massless foundation are unreliable. In this study, an appropriate direct finite element method is introduced for simulating the mass, radiation damping and wave propagation effect in foundations of damfoundation-reservoir systems using commercial software ABAQUS. The free-field boundary condition is used for modeling the semi-infinite foundation and radiation damping, which is not a built-in boundary condition in most of the available commercial software for finite element analysis of structures such as ANSYS or ABAQUS and thus needs to be implemented differently. The different mechanism for modeling of the foundation, earthquake input and far-field boundary condition is described. Implementation of the free-field boundary condition in finite element software is verified by comparing it with analytical results. To investigation the feasibility of the proposed method in dam-foundation-reservoir system analysis, a series of analyses is accomplished in a variety of cases and the obtained results are compared with the substructure method by using the EAGD-84 program. Finally, the massed and massless foundation results are compared and it is concluded that the massless foundation approach leads to the overestimation of the displacements and stresses within the dam body.

New design equations for estimation of ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on rock masses

Rock masses are commonly used as the underlying layer of important structures such as bridges, dams and transportation constructions. The success of a foundation design for such structures mainly depends on the accuracy of estimating the bearing capacity of rock beneath them. Several traditional numerical approaches are proposed for the estimation of the bearing capacity of foundations resting on rock masses to avoid performing elaborate and expensive experimental studies. Despite this fact, there still exists a serious need to develop more robust predictive models. This paper proposes new nonlinear prediction models for the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on non-fractured rock masses using a novel evolutionary computational approach, called linear genetic programming. A comprehensive set of rock socket, centrifuge rock socket, plate load and large-scaled footing load test results is used to develop the models. In order to verify the validity of the models, the sensitivity analysis is conducted and discussed. The results indicate that the proposed models accurately characterize the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. The correlation coefficients between the experimental and predicted bearing capacity values are equal to 0.95 and 0.96 for the best LGP models. Moreover, the derived models reach a notably better prediction performance than the traditional equations.

3-D fracture network dynamic simulation based on error analysis in rock mass of dam foundation

Accurate 3-D fracture network model for rock mass in dam foundation is of vital importance for stability,grouting and seepage analysis of dam foundation.With the aim of reducing deviation between fracture network model and measured data,a 3-D fracture network dynamic modeling method based on error analysis was proposed.Firstly,errors of four fracture volume density estimation methods(proposed by ODA,KULATILAKE,MAULDON,and SONG)and that of four fracture size estimation methods(proposed by EINSTEIN,SONG and TONON)were respectively compared,and the optimal methods were determined.Additionally,error index representing the deviation between fracture network model and measured data was established with integrated use of fractal dimension and relative absolute error(RAE).On this basis,the downhill simplex method was used to build the dynamic modeling method,which takes the minimum of error index as objective function and dynamically adjusts the fracture density and size parameters to correct the error index.Finally,the 3-D fracture network model could be obtained which meets the requirements.The proposed method was applied for 3-D fractures simulation in Miao Wei hydropower project in China for feasibility verification and the error index reduced from 2.618 to 0.337.

Nonlinear transverse vibrations of a slightly curved beam carrying a concentrated mass

In this study, a slightly curved Euler Bernoulli beam carrying a concentrated mass was handled. The beam was resting on an elastic foundation and simply supported at both ends. Effects of the concentrated mass on nonlin- ear vibrations were investigated. Sinusoidal and parabolic type functions were used as curvature functions. Equations of motion have cubic nonlinearities because of elongations during vibrations. Damping and harmonic excitation terms were added to the equations of motion. Method of mul- tiple scales, a perturbation technique, was used for solving integro-differential equation analytically. Natural frequen- cies were calculated exactly for different mass ratios, mass locations, curvature functions, and linear elastic foundation coefficients. Amplitude-phase modulation equations were found by considering primary resonance case. Effects of nonlinear terms on natural frequencies were calculated. Frequency-amplitude and frequency-response graphs were plotted. Finally effects of concentrated mass and chosen curvature function on nonlinear vibrations were investigated.

Investigation of block foundations resting on soil-rock and rock-rock media under coupled vibrations

In the present study,the dynamic response of block foundations of different equivalent radius to mass（R;/m） ratios under coupled vibrations is investigated for various homogeneous and layered systems.The frequency-dependent stiffness and damping of foundation resting on homogeneous soils and rocks are determined using the half-space theory.The dynamic response characteristics of foundation resting on the layered system considering rock-rock combination are evaluated using finite element program with transmitting boundaries.Frequencies versus amplitude responses of block foundation are obtained for both translational and rotational motion.A new methodology is proposed for determination of dynamic response of block foundations resting on soil-rock and weathered rock-rock system in the form of equations and graphs.The variations of dimensionless natural frequency and dimensionless resonant amplitude with shear wave velocity ratio are investigated for different thicknesses of top soil/weathered rock layer.The dynamic behaviors of block foundations are also analyzed for different rock-rock systems by considering sandstone,shale and limestone underlain by basalt.The variations of stiffness,damping and amplitudes of block foundations with frequency are shown in this study for various rock—rock combinations.In the analysis,two resonant peaks are observed at two different frequencies for both translational and rotational motion.It is observed that the dimensionless resonant amplitudes decrease and natural frequencies increase with increase in shear wave velocity ratio.Finally,the parametric study is performed for block foundations with dimensions of 4 m × 3 m × 2 m and 8m×5m×2m by using generalized graphs.The variations of natural frequency and peak displacement amplitude are also studied for different top layer thicknesses and eccentric moments.

Seismic response analysis of arch dam-water-rock foundation systems

The effect of water compressibility on the seismic responses of arch dams is not well understood.In this paper,a numerical model is developed with rigorous representation of the dynamic interaction between arch dam-water- rock foundation.The model is applied to the seismic response analysis of an arch dam with a height of 292m designed to a seismic intensity of IX.It is shown that consideration of the water compressibility clearly decreases the stress responses at key positions of the dam,while the added mass model gives a conservative estimate.

Reply to Discussion on “Empirical methods for determining shaft bearing capacity of semi-deep foundations socketed in rocks”

Semi-deep foundations socketed in rocks are considered to be a viable option for the foundations in the presence of heavy loads imposed by high-rise buildings and special structures, due to the low settlement and high bearing capacity. In this study, the unconfined compressive strength（UCS） and rock mass cuttability index（RMCI） have been applied to investigating the shaft bearing capacity. For this purpose, a comprehensive database of 178 full-scale load tests is compiled by adding a data set（n = 72）collected by Arioglu et al.（2007） to the data set（n = 106） presented in Rezazadeh and Eslami（2017）.Using the database, the applicability and accuracy of the existing empirical methods are evaluated and new relations are derived between the shaft bearing capacity and UCS/RMCI. Moreover, a general equation in case of unknown rock types is proposed and it is verified by another set of data（series 3 in Rezazadeh and Eslami（2017））. Since rock-socketed shafts are supported by rock mass（not intact rock）,a reduction factor for the compressive strength is suggested and verified in which the effect of discontinuities is considered using the modified UCS, based upon RMR and RQD to consider the effect of the rock mass properties.

Construction Technical Temperature Cracking for a and Control of Concrete Plate Type Raft Foundation

The mass fiat raft foundation Section is large and Cement is in large quantities, the temperature changes in the larger cement hydration heat of the water releasing, the temperature stress is main reason reducing cracking. According to the basement of a project of Guangzhou large slab raft foundation engineering as an example, Discussing the construction technology measures of early crack of large volume concrete of raft plate in the process of construction,. The results show that it Can effectively prevents the slab foundation structure cracking and achieves good results through controlling Concrete materials and concrete temperature Parameter such as the lifting machine temperature and the pouring temperature and the expansion joint or the whole pouring length.

Assessing foundation behaviour under complex loading near tunnels

The stability of strip footings subjected to eccentrically inclined loads is critical for reliable foundation design.This study investigates the effect of a circular unlined tunnel in a rock mass on the ultimate bearing capacity(UBC)of a foundation with width B under inclined and eccentric loads.Adaptive finite element limit analysis was employed to evaluate the reduction in UBC of the footing resting above a tunnel.The examined critical parameters include normalized load eccentricity(e/B),load inclination(β),and horizontal and vertical distances of the tunnel from the foundation(P/B and Q/B,respectively),along with rock mass properties.The results reveal that for e/B≥0.25 and β≤60°,the reduction coefficient,R_(c)≥0.90,suggesting that the presence of a tunnel has a minimal impact on the load-bearing capacity of the footing,with failure primarily governed by load eccentricity and inclination.Additionally,potential failure mechanisms are explored,showing that at lower e/B,higher β,and lower Q/B,the tunnel significantly affects footing's failure envelope.Conversely,at higher e/B and lower β,failure is due to rotational effects of footing,regardless of the tunnel's position.To predict the Rc more accurately,due to the time-consuming nature of direct calculations,both MLR and ANN models were developed.The MLR model provided a baseline for comparison,while the ANN model,with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.98,demonstrated superior accuracy compared to the R2=0.96 of MLR.Using both approaches ensured robust and efficient predictions of Rc.Since Rc does not directly provide the reduced UBC of footing due to presence of tunnel,the study introduced bearing capacity factor(Nc)to enable direct calculation of the reduced UBC of footing.These findings offer theoretical guidelines for preliminary design and provide practitioners with an effective tool for evaluating UBC reduction in complex loading scenarios involving tunnels.

The History of the CPC Is a History of the Shaping and Improvement of Its Mass Line

The history of the Party is a history in which the Party led the people to fight with the domestic and foreign enemies to achieve national and social liberation, and also a history in which the Party gradually established and deepened its flesh-and-blood ties with the people and shaped and improved its mass line. Without the support of the Chinese people, there would be no Communist Party of China. The people has always been root of the Party＇s survival and development, and the mass line has permeated into all aspects of the Party＇s lines, principles and policies, thus becoming the Chinese Communists＇ feelings and beliefs deep into the soul, their culture, ethics, ways of thinking, lifestyle, and driving force and lifeline.

Energy-based dynamic parameter identification for Pasternak foundation model

Parameter identification of Pasternak foundation models(PFM)is never satisfactory,which discourages the application and popularization of PFM.In the present study,an energy-based model to predict the dynamic foundation coefficients was proposed using the vibration kinetic energy and potential energy of a Pasternak foundation-rigid plate system.On the basis of the Pasternak foundation,the relationship among the natural frequency,dynamic foundation coefficients,rigid plate configuration,and vibrating soil equivalent mass per unit area was considered.To obtain the natural frequencies of the Pasternak foundation-rigid plate system,dynamic tests were performed.Using two or more dynamic test results of various rigid plates on a foundation,a set of equations of dynamic foundation coefficients was set up to directly identify the foundation coefficients and equivalent mass per unit area of vibrating soil.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by comparing it with the outdoor and indoor test results and finite element analysis results.When the proposed method is used to obtain the dynamic parameters,PFM can be generalized and applied more widely in engineering practice.

桩基对平原地区泵闸底板温度应力的影响机理研究

平原软基上大型混凝土结构普遍采取桩基基础,其施工期开裂机理与桩基约束和自身约束有关.以HTG泵站底板为例,线单元模拟实体桩基,建立了基于内置桩单元和温度场等效算法的施工期温度应力分析方法;考虑线弹性和非线性地基模型,对内置单元桩基与实体单元桩基两种方法进行了对比,证明内置桩单元方法的合理性;开展了不同地基材料及桩基特性参数(如直径、间距、长度等)的敏感性分析,揭示桩基对泵闸底板温度应力的影响机理.研究结果表明:采用线单元桩基能够较好地模拟桩基对混凝土底板温度应力的作用,且较实体桩基在建模、计算上更为简便;参数敏感性分析表明,地基变形模量、桩长及桩间距对底板温度应力影响较为显著,桩直径影响较小.

南京仙新路长江大桥南锚碇基础施工关键技术

南京仙新路长江大桥为主跨1760 m的双塔地锚式悬索桥,南锚碇基础采用外径65 m、壁厚1.5 m的圆形地下连续墙结构,墙深60~63 m,且嵌入微风化砾岩3 m以上。为确保地下连续墙的成槽精度和质量,首先在地下连续墙施工前进行槽壁加固;然后分Ⅰ期槽和Ⅱ期槽施工地下连续墙,采用逆作法逐层开挖取土并逐层施工内衬,形成整体支护结构,直至开挖到设计标高;最后从基坑底部逐层往上浇筑底板、填芯和隔墙混凝土,完成锚碇施工。在南锚碇基础施工过程中,采用双轮铣深搅水泥土地下连续墙(SMC)工法进行槽壁加固,提高了深厚软土层条件下地下连续墙的成墙精度和防渗性能;通过对3种起重机进行比选,优化取土工艺,最终选择移动式抓斗起重机进行基坑取土,并搭建了“移动式抓斗起重机作业平台+装载车作业平台+卸土导向装置”的取土综合系统,提高了超深基坑的取土工效,保证了施工场地清洁环保;底板、填芯和隔墙大体积混凝土采用“塔式起重机+防离析导管+混凝土泵车”的施工技术,实现了深大基坑大体积混凝土的分层全过程快速浇筑。

基于固有频率的错断式坠落危岩体稳定系数计算模型

错断式坠落危岩体的安全稳定程度受后缘裂缝深度控制,基于静力学的稳定系数计算可得到后缘裂隙深度临界值,但静力学计算方法无法得到裂隙深度的实时变化。基于修正Timoshenko梁建立岩梁动力学方程,结合动力基础半空间理论对岩梁的约束刚度及边界条件做深入分析,得到不同裂缝深度条件下危岩体固有频率理论解析。基于数值计算验证固有频率算法的正确性,并得出结论:随裂隙深度增大,固有频率不断降低,固有频率对危岩体后缘裂隙深度变化较为敏感,根据危岩体的固有频率值可反算危岩体后缘裂隙深度。基于固有频率与危岩体后缘裂隙深度之间的关系建立错断式坠落危岩体稳定系数计算模型,并采用室内试验进行验证,得出结论:危岩体固有频率与其后缘裂隙深度近似为负线性相关。基于固有频率的错断式坠落危岩体稳定系数计算模型可为危岩体自动化监测提供有益借鉴。

中国共产党领导中国式现代化的理论基点与推进机制

政党领导现代化国家建设是政党政治时代人类文明发展的基本特征。现代化的全球推进及其历史性变革催生了马克思主义政党,并引起了世界现代化类型的拓展,进而从根本上决定了政党领导作为马克思主义政党的价值目标,贯穿于以人的彻底解放与全面自由发展为根本指向的人类文明新形态的创造过程。中国共产党的领导是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的核心驱动、显著标识和前提保障。坚持和加强党对中国式现代化的领导,既关涉党的马克思主义政党属性、政党职能、政党权威以及政党文化等理论范畴,也需要构建由发展党内民主、实现党的领导法治化、完善中国特色新型政党制度、开发运用党的核心政治资源以及提升党的综合能力等价值要素构成的实践机制。

微型钢管桩-锚杆新型组合基础承载特性研究

为解决输电线路传统锚杆基础材料耗量大、施工安全问题突出、环水保效益差、施工工期长以及运输不便的问题,提出了一种装配式输电线路型钢群锚基础,包括型钢结构、微型钢管桩-锚杆新型组合基础。采用有限元方法建立了单根微型钢管桩-锚杆组合基础的三维精细化数值模型,研究了多种荷载工况下组合基础锚筋、灌浆体、钢管及周围岩体的应力场与位移场变化规律,并与普通锚杆基础计算结果进行了对比分析;分析了钢管尺寸、岩体强度等因素对新型组合基础承载性能的影响规律。讨论了新型组合基础水平位移与岩体强度的定量关系;将钢管、钢管内侧混凝土与锚筋简化为整体力学模型,基于Winkler弹性地基梁法建立了单根微型钢管桩-锚杆组合基础的水平位移计算方法,并将计算结果与数值模拟结果进行对比。结果表明:相同工况下新型组合基础锚筋、灌浆体与周围岩体的应力及位移更小,新型组合基础适用于岩体等级为极软岩的情况;多种荷载工况下新型组合基础产生的位移随着岩体强度降低而逐渐增大,当岩体质量较差时,可采用增大钢管的横截面面积及长度等措施限制组合基础的水平位移。

建筑工程中筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝计算及施工技术

该文以某高层建筑为例,探究筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝的计算方法及混凝土施工技术。分别计算各龄期混凝土的收缩变形值、弹性模量、温度应力等参数,然后求解抗裂安全系数。计算结果显示,大体积混凝土各龄期的抗裂安全系数均大于1.0,满足抗裂要求。在大体积混凝土施工中,重点加强物料质量检验与配合比设计,以及混凝土浇筑、养护等环节的施工管理,把握施工技术要点,才能提高筏板基础的施工质量。在混凝土养护结束后进行温度测控,结果表明大体积混凝土内外温差较小,不存在温度裂缝的风险。

叶片质量不平衡下风机基础的疲劳性能

为探究基础环式风机基础在叶片质量不平衡时的疲劳性能,文章通过重构风力发电机组叶片质量不平衡模型推导了附加载荷,基于谐波合成法理论对脉动风速谱做单点模拟以计算风电机组气动荷载等基本运行载荷,并以实际工程为例建立了风机叶片—塔筒—基础一体化有限元模型,计算了结构自振特性和基本运行载荷与附加载荷共同作用下的载荷响应。结果表明:风机叶片质量不平衡程度加深会导致基础结构的应力集中现象,加剧应力幅增加,进而影响结构的疲劳性能与寿命;结构中混凝土的受力特性受影响较大,钢筋笼次之,基础环最小。

热缩型纤维调控大体积混凝土抗裂性能研究

研究了高模量热缩型纤维与具有高微细连通孔的内养护集料协同作用对大体积混凝土力学性能、抗裂性能、收缩性能的影响,并进行了微观机理分析。结果表明:复掺热缩型纤维和内养护集料对大体积混凝土力学性能影响较小,但能明显提高大体积混凝土的抗裂性能并降低收缩变形,最大裂缝宽度和单位面积的总开裂面积较基准组分别降低了85.7%、94.9%,干燥收缩值降低了47.6%。SEM分析表明,热缩型纤维及内养护集料与胶凝浆体紧密结合、界面致密,从而提高了大体积混凝土的抗裂性能。

习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述的三重视域探析

习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述是新时代党的群众路线的创新性发展,充分体现了中国共产党“发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享”的“全心全意为人民服务”根本宗旨。这一重要论述是对中华优秀传统文化中的民本思想的传承,是对马克思主义群众史观的把握,也是对中国共产党历代领导集体的人民思想的赓续。新时代践行习近平总书记关于“民心是最大的政治”重要论述必须从全面深化体制改革,贯彻共享发展理念,汲取人民智慧,提高人民生活水平等方面来着手。