Law Absence and System Construction of Equal Material Assistance Rights of Farmers in China

Firstly,conception of farmers' equal material assistance rights is introduced from the aspects of equal rights,material assistance rights,and farmers' equal material assistance rights.Value function of farmers' equal material assistance rights is pointed out,which can eliminate the partial policies with urban priority orientation.It is a necessary condition for maintaining the legal and institutional authority,as well as an inevitable choice to realize the social justice and harmony.Current status of the law absence of farmers' equal material assistance rights in China is introduced,which is reflected in the lack of theoretical research on farmers' equal material assistance rights in the law circle,the lack of procedural legal system of farmers' equal material assistance rights at present,and the lack of actual law effectiveness of farmers' equal material assistance rights at present.System construction is a turning point to change the law absence of farmers' material assistance rights.Government should promote the economic development,provide material bases for the system construction of farmers' material assistance rights,enhance the legal consciousness of farmers,cultivate the ability of farmers to participate in equal material assistance rights,strengthen the procedural legislation and judicial justice,and ensure the farmers' material assistance rights.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

NEW REGULATIONS ON IMPORT AND EXPORT MANAGEMENT RIGHTS GRANTED TO COMMERCIAL AND MATERIAL SUPPLY ENTERPRISES

With the approval of the State Council, State Economicand Trade Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation and Ministry of Internal Trade recently issued theCircular Regarding Some Relevant Issues in Granting Import andExport Management Rights to Commercial and Material SupplyEnterprises. It means that work ofgranting import and exportmanagement rights has from a trial been led onto the right path ofexamination and approval. The principle of examination and ap-proval, conditions, and the procedure of reporting to a higher in-stitution shall still be in conformity with the relevant regulationsprescribed in Decree No.76 (1993) of the State Council.In November 1993, the State Council approved and trans-mitted Opinions on Experiment of Granting Import and ExportManagement Rights to Some Commercial and Material Enterprisesby State Economic and Trade Commision, Ministry of ForeignTrade and Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Internal Trade.Totaling 206 commercial (including grain and supply and sale)and material supply enterprises are put to trial and granted

Human Rights Reading Materials Series Publication Symposium Held in Beijing

The China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）, together with the China Foundation forHuman Rights Development （CFHRD） and Hunan University Press, organized a symposium on the publication of the human rights reading materials series on Jan. 11, 2013, in Beijing. More than 30 representatives from governmental offices who attended the symposium said the series would be the most auhoritative textbooks for human rights education in China.

Propagation of Airy beams from right-handed material to left-handed material

Based on the ABCD matrix formalism,the propagation property of an Airy beam from right-handed material（RHM） to left-handed material（LHM） is investigated.The result shows that when the Airy beam propagates in the LHM,the intensity self-bending due to its propagation in the RHM can be compensated.In particular,if the propagation distance in the RHM is equal to that in the LHM and the refractive index of the LHM is n L =-1,the transverse intensity distribution of the Airy beam can return to its original state.

（3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear propagation equation for ultrashort pulsed beam in left-handed material

In this paper a comprehensive framework for treating the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulse in metamaterial with dispersive dielectric susceptibility and magnetic permeability is presented. Under the slowly-evolving-wave approximation, a generalized （3＋1）-dimensional wave equation first order in the propagation coordinate and suitable for both right-handed material （I^HM） and left-handed material （LHM） is derived. By the commonly used Drude dispersive model for LHM, a （3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing ultrashort pulsed beam propagation in LHM is obtained, and its difference from that for conventional RHM is discussed. Particularly, the self-steeping effect of ultrashort pulse is found to be anomalous in LHM.

Polytetrafluoroethylene Patch versus Autologous Pericardial Patch for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Objective: For patients of TOF with pulmonary annular hypoplasia, reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) often requires a trans annular patch (TAP). The present study aims to compare the outcomes of TOF repair using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch versus autologous glutaraldehyde fixed pericardial patch for RVOT reconstruction. Materials and methods: 103 consecutive patients undergoing TOF repair in whom TAP was required were randomized into two groups: Group I (pericardial patch), Group II (PTFE patch). Postoperative outcomes in terms of postoperative heart rhythm, duration of mechanical ventilation, mediastinal and pleural drainage, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality were assessed. A separate team of cardiologists independently evaluated pre- and post-operative gradients across the RVOT, degree of pulmonary insufficiency, right ventricular systolic function. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit or hospital stay. The requirement of inotropes was no different in the PTFE patch group as compared with the pericardial patch group (16.84 ± 7.04 vs. 17.90 ± 6.71, median 19 vs. 20, p = 0.825). The re-exploration rate was higher in the PTFE group as compared with the pericardial patch group (6 vs. 1). Postoperative Echocar-diography revealed no differences in the RV systolic function between the two groups before discharge. Conclusion: In patients undergoing TOF repair, using a PTFE patch yields comparable results. However, the efficacy of PTFE will only be established once;mid-term and long-term results are available.

TM modes in asymmetric slab waveguides with left-handed material

Three-layer slab waveguide with left-handed materials （LHM） is discussed using the Maxwell＇s equations and their equations of dispersion relation for TM modes are obtained. By seeking the power of the slab waveguide, their equations of effective thickness for TM modes are obtained. Furthermore, the interrelated equations for right-handed materials （RHM） slab waveguide are introduced and their curves plotted. To find new properties for LHM slab waveguide, the equations and their curves for the LHM and RHM slab waveguide are compared respectively.

中小学教师教材开发的权力性质与权力运行机制

中小学教师是教材开发的重要权力主体,在教材建设国家事权背景下其如何正确认识与行使教材开发权关乎中国特色高质量教材体系建设的实践进程。通过对相关教材建设政策文件的分析及教师教材开发实践的考察发现,中小学教师教材开发权源自我国三级课程管理下人民权力让渡与政策法规授权,是公共性权力、专业性权力与向善性权力共同作用以期寻证演绎新时代中小学教师职业价值向度的重要媒介。为确保所开发的教材符合育人育才要求,中小学教师应依循“法治—伦理—教育”边界对教材开发的规制效力,有效行使以知识理解—加工—创造为主线的教材编写权力和以教材解释—审核—评价为主线的教材修订权力。为引导中小学教师正确认识其权力尺度以及科学提升其权力行使效能,须构筑集“价值导向—系统保障—科学激励—智能督导”于一体的教材开发权力运行机制,实现教师专业成长与教材强国建设双重价值的动态耦合。

论融资租赁承租人破产时的出租人权利

融资租赁是一种新型交易模式,不宜以租赁交易等传统法律关系对其定性。融资租赁中作为出租人权利基础的所有权具有特殊性,相较于完整的所有权有所弱化,是为租金债权提供担保的“名义所有权”。从权利基础、利益衡量、制度取向三个角度出发,承租人破产时的出租人权利宜定性为破产别除权而非破产取回权。在融资租赁合同的破产处理中,《破产法》所规定的破产管理人的挑拣履行权不宜被直接移用。在出租人享有破产别除权的情况下,承租人破产管理人的挑拣履行权并无适用空间。未来立法应当将传统租赁从融资租赁中剔除,完善破产法有关融资租赁的特别规范,通过法制保障融资租赁行业发展行稳致远。

融资租赁中自物抵押的抵押权效力问题研究

在融资租赁交易中,出租人授权承租人将租赁物抵押给自己并办理抵押登记的做法被称为自物抵押。虽然旧融资租赁司法解释第9条对抵押权是否设立的问题未予置明,但根据债权形式主义物权变动规则,因出租人与承租人不具有设立抵押权的效果意思,且与物权法定原则相悖,故抵押权不能有效设立。在解释上,司法解释的规范意旨不在于设立抵押权而在于确认抵押登记的对抗效力。受担保功能主义立法影响,民法典将出租人的所有权功能化为一种非典型担保权,出租人可基于所有权而非抵押权主张对租赁物行使优先受偿权。

为更新而租地——重新审视政府主导型租地更新模式

面对外部产业转移和内部要素价格上涨的压力,以城乡二元结构为背景的工业化已经难以适应高质量发展需求,面临转型发展的巨大挑战。作为工业化的主要空间载体,集体土地上旧厂房的改造成为释放产业空间的重要途径。在总结现有模式基础上,围绕土地产权构建分析框架,刻画旧厂房改造过程中各主体的权责关系,提出了政府租地更新的新模式,并以F市H科技城改造为例进行了案例研究。这一模式中政府成立公有性质的企业向村集体租地进行土地再开发,以土地租金的形式对村集体和村民进行补偿。租赁期满后,土地上的所有财产将全部返还给村民,实现政府、投资者和村民的多赢。跟以往模式相比,租地更新模式既保证了资本的正常运行,又发挥了各自的优势和特点,核心是低成本实现了土地产权正规化,提高了土地产权的实现度。

材料界的轻骑兵——环烯烃类共聚物

通过一名普通大学生在国庆期间的武汉之旅,描述了她与华为Mate 60、食品包装袋和医疗器械的几次偶遇,并借此以生动活泼的方式向读者介绍了环烯烃类共聚物(COC)材料及其在光学器件、塑料包装和生物医学领域的典型应用。

负担居住权住宅之出租问题研究

我国《民法典》居住权制度由保障权利人居住利益而产生,以满足生活居住需要为规则设立依据,允许当事人以约定的方式对负担居住权的住宅进行出租。然而,实践中产生的出租相关问题使得约定出租权的行使需要进一步界定和明晰。应注意合理界分所有权与居住权的权能范围;明确承租人租赁权的对抗保护规则;在居住权登记中明确出租事项约定,限制住宅出租的约定期限,厘清权利遭受侵害时的救济途径。

论房屋承租人优先承租权的适法困境与纾解

房屋承租人优先承租权应界定为形成权。优先承租权制度在司法实践中面临的困境主要包括出租人是否继续出租的意愿难辨别且可变动、同等条件难把握且易延展和救济乏力。对此,可以从明确行权期限、限缩“同等条件”和拓展救济路径着手进行纾解。明确行权期限使出租人的主观意愿受到客观规制。“同等条件”的认定采“相对同等说”,在租金、支付方式和租赁期限上保持绝对的同等,其余因素则以社会一般人的标准判断是否显著影响出租人经济利益和是否真实合理从而决定是否保持同等。该权利作为形成权具有不可侵性,行权后仅有相对效力,承租人在合法占有房屋或已经办理登记备案手续时有程序法上的履行合同优位;当出租人履行其与第三人的租赁合同时,承租人因履行基础丧失而无法要求继续履行,但可以主张赔偿损失。

居住权合同研究

居住权合同是居住权设立登记必须提交的书面文件。居住权合同的主体应当包括法人和非法人组织,当事人的权利义务主要包括办理居住权登记,依照房屋的居住用途和合同的约定合理使用、维护房屋,不得擅自装修、改变房屋结构和损坏房屋,不得擅自出租房屋,不得容纳非必要人员长期居住。居住权人的行为构成根本违约时,所有权人可以行使法定解除权。居住权合同和租赁合同是满足群众住有所居住房需求的二元合同体系,法律对居住权合同的保护强度更大。现阶段可以采取出台房屋居住权管理条例或规定、制定居住权合同示范文本、明确居住权登记的有关事项等措施规范居住权合同的订立与履行。

历史唯物主义权利观的形成——基于《德意志意识形态》文本的考察

权利一词具有政治和经济的双重内涵。资产阶级从哲学和经济两个层面对权利进行论证,使其成为财产的守护者和统治的依据。马克思意识到“权利”这一概念在资产阶级统治思想中的重要地位,指出既要批判资本主义意识形态也要批判资本主义的权利概念,因此,他在论战性的文本《德意志意识形态》中多次提到权利一词,并将其作为重要的批判对象。马克思对权利概念的批判,一方面从哲学层面展开,批判了以施蒂纳和费尔巴哈为代表的青年黑格尔派所使用的权利概念具有形而上学的性质;另一方面从经济层面展开,批判了以霍布斯、洛克和休谟等为代表的近代政治经济学家所使用的权利概念具有肯定现实经济状况的特性。马克思运用历史的方法澄清“权利”问题,使“权利”发生了根本性的历史主义转变,最终形成了具体的、历史的和整体的历史唯物主义权利观。

新的租赁准则对物流仓储企业的影响

2021年起全面实施的新租赁准则对相关企业会计核算和财务管理带来一定的影响,解决了长期以来租赁业务表外融资的问题,进一步明确经营租赁资产的所有权归属,减少财务数据被粉饰的途径,显著提高了企业会计信息质量。物流仓储企业往往会承租大量物业,作为物业承租方,受新租赁准则的影响显著。基于此,文章主要分析新租赁准则对物流仓储企业的影响,并提出适当的对策建议。

生命周期视角下镍钴锂再生料现状与标准化研究

近年来我国新能源汽车产业发展迅速,作为产业发展关键原料镍、钴、锂资源的需求量激增。我国镍、钴、锂资源相对稀缺,受主要供应国的矿产出口管制,资源供需矛盾日益突出,需要通过进口优质的镍、钴、锂再生料,拓展多元的资源供给渠道。从生命周期及循环发展的角度出发,基于我国镍、钴、锂再生料生产工艺流程、环境效益和标准化现状,对我国现有再生资源标准进行解读和分析。针对商品编码、鉴别方法、进出口税率、碳足迹核算和再生料标准等方面,提出切实可行的建议,为我国再生资源进口、保障供应链安全提供指导。

农地产权与农户土地租赁意愿研究

研究目的分析农地产权状况对农户土地租赁意愿的影响。研究方法定性分析与定量研究相结合。研究结果在定性分析农地产权状况和农地租赁相互关系的基础上,运用农户调查数据,建立了农地产权与农地租赁意愿的Logistic回归计量模型并应用极大似然估计法对该模型进行估计;根据农地产权与农地租赁意愿计量模型运行结果对农地产权与农地租赁意愿之间的关系、农地产权状况对农地租赁意愿的影响进行了分析,并就进一步推进农地流转提出了相关建议。研究结论农地产权的流动性、稳定性以及农地收益权的完整性等均对农地租赁意愿产生了不同程度的影响,但是各个因素对于不同区域以及土地租入和租出意愿的影响是不同的。