Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

An area of both outstanding human creativity and pristine natural landscapes

Manufacturing techniques of armor strips excavated from Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum,China

The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found that the armor strips were made of pure copper.Based on the morphology of α-Cu recrystal grain and copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the armor strips,the manufacturing techniques were proposed as follows:smelting pure copper,casting a lamellar plate,forming the cast ingots into sheets through repeated cold forging combined with annealing heat treatment,and finally cutting the sheets into filaments.Furthermore,through the deformation of copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the strips,the work rate during forging was evaluated and calculated to be close to 75%.

A Study Into Marketing Strategies for Promoting Cultural and Creative Products of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum in New Era

China’s booming economy and the growing demand of urban middle class are creating a favorable situation for the development of domestic cultural and creative industry.The consumption pattern has changed and families spend more outlay on cultural products and services.Within this flourishing industry,many museums caught development opportunities and began to get profit through successfully promoting their own cultural and creative products.However,it is unusual that Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum,enjoying high social status and a reputation for world cultural heritage as well as a national 5A level tourist attraction,regretfully,did not achieve noticeable achievements in this area.Therefore,based on STP theory,the purpose of this paper is to study the reasons why this museum fails to fulfill its potential in promising cultural and creative industry and give some suggestions to the development and promotion of its cultural and creative goods.

The Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum

The final resting place of China's legendary ancestor sits in a forest on top of Mount Qiao,an imposing place for hundreds of thousands to come to every year and reflet om what it means to be Chine....

Mausoleum of Emperor Yan

THE MAUSOLEUM is in a lovely spot,shaded by an-cient trees and surrounded by structures with charming names:Yongfeng(Celebrating Harvest)Pav-ilion,Weicao(Fragrant Herbs)Pav-ilion,Chongde(Admiring Virtue)Arch,Luyuan(Deer Plain)Cave,Xiyao(Washing Medicinal Herbs)Pool and Longnao(Dragon Brain)Stone.

How ancient Chinese constellations are applied in the city planning?An example on the planning principles employed in Xianyang,the capital city of Qin Dynasty

As the first empire of imperial China,the Qin Dynasty is a crucial period for the establishment of China’s territory,nationality,political system and academic thoughts[1].The planning and construction history of Xianyang,the capital city of the Qin,can be dated from the 12th year of the King of Qin Dynasty,Qinxiaogong(350 BC)to the death of the Second Emperor of Qin(206 BC)spanning a total of144 years.During that time,Xianyang was

秦始皇的皇帝理论及其政治伦理思想

秦始皇的皇帝理论继往开来,既继承了先秦诸子理论遗产,将先秦诸子政治理想表述与政治制度体系建构的努力推向了一个新阶段,形成了皇帝理论,也开辟了秦汉以后政治理想表述的新路径,奠定了两千余年皇帝制度体系的核心政治理想。秦始皇的皇帝理论在政治伦理主题上集中表现为圣人救世,它在内容上既表现为圣王崇拜,也表现为轻贱黔首。先秦诸子的圣人救世话语经过秦始皇的过渡性创造后,转换成了一套实践性的制度体系及其观念支撑。

神禾原战国秦陵墓出土涂色算筹初识

神禾原战国秦陵墓出土的象牙算筹,根据筹身施彩的差别可分为红白筹和红黑筹两个主要类别,其与《九章算术》刘徽注释中提到的古代用于正负数运算的“赤黑算”似有关,应是此类计算工具的早期形态。这个发现将中国古代对正负数的认识与实际运用时间提早到了战国晚期,是数学发展史研究的一大收获。

与秦始皇相伴终生的迷藏游戏

心理学认为,童年的经历和记忆会伴随人的一生,影响人性,内心被压抑的意识往往会在适当的时机爆发出来。秦始皇出生在敌国赵国,在被追杀中度过了童年时光,如同陷入了一个迷藏游戏躲藏者的角色。在他以后的人生中,始终难以摆脱迷藏游戏,在分别扮演了旁观者、追逐者的角色后,晚年由于对死亡的恐惧,又回归到了躲藏者的角色。赵高利用迷藏游戏成功策划了沙丘政变,并把秦二世操控于股掌之间。迷藏游戏的印记贯穿了秦始皇一生,也影响了秦朝的政治与命运。

秦王朝皇帝理论的政治伦理缺陷及其后果

秦王朝短命而亡固然有其执政理念、政策体系及六国残余势力等的影响,但它所建构的皇帝理论在政治伦理上存在的缺陷在根本上是难辞其咎的。皇帝制度建构起来以后,秦王朝仍然延续了无限尊崇圣人的理念,并因圣王合一的特点而将帝王摆在了至高无上的神圣地位上,使其能够以圣人之禀赋而率性而为,奉行霸道政治伦理,虽以圣王自居,以救世自命,但在实践中却已是政令日非,民生愈艰,终至于不亡不止。秦王朝的短命而亡,并非皇帝制度体系的缺陷所致,而是皇帝制度体系在政令制定及政策运营的伦理指导上存在根本性缺陷所致。

《秦始皇本纪》“项燕立昌平君反秦”辨正

睡虎地秦简《编年记》简二八,云:“(秦王政)廿一年,韩王死。昌平君居其处,有死属。”综合有关材料和研究,其中的阙字应释读作“为”,而“昌平君居其处,有(又)死”当单独断句。由此可知,昌平君应死于秦王政二十一年。故而《史记·秦始皇本纪》所记秦王政二十三年,秦军虏荆王负刍和项燕立昌平君为荆王、反秦于淮南一事,是值得重新审视的。考《六国年表》《楚世家》《蒙恬列传》《王翦列传》等,这些篇目相关记载的史源均是《秦记》,一致记述了荆王负刍被虏于秦王政二十四年,且都没有昌平君反秦的身影。清人梁玉绳又指出《本纪》自身存在的一些史事发展矛盾。因此,有关项燕立昌平君反秦的记述虽载于《本纪》,但其可靠性应该被审慎对待。

秦始皇死亡疑案续解

秦始皇死后,胡亥一行秘不发丧,假借始皇乘舆名义前往九原,看似绕道,其实隐藏了一个巨大阴谋,是他们基于对当时严峻的政治军事形势,为了顺利接掌政权,扫清政治对手而作出的必然选择。之所以能够做到在长达一个多月里秘不发丧,始皇遗体得以大致保存并未被外人发觉,应当是得益于沿途郡县的凌室、陵井、凌阴设施,以及车队从齐地带有数量较大的干鲍鱼的缘故。

康熙朝《孝陵图样》解读(上)

今藏中国第一历史档案馆的《孝陵图样》,是一幅清初孝陵鼎建时的建筑工程图,长近11米,堪称巨制。因其典章制度的纪实性质,曾作为皇家档案匿影宫禁,世人长期无闻。2000年笔者幸获全图大帧彩照,2004年更喜瞻其真容,大量细节展现,多方面的重大价值得以认知。经审慎稽考,已确知该图成于康熙九年(1670)初。为裨益学术,便于利用,谨综罗现知国内外相关文献,略以初识、发现、突破、疑义、真相、建置诸项为上篇,以规制、传承、影响、价值等项为下篇,概略归纳该图研讨心得,奉呈并叩教方家。

《帝王略论》中的先秦及秦朝帝王论

中国古代史论著作《帝王略论》卷一记录了李世民与虞世南对先秦至秦朝夏禹、秦始皇等帝王得失荣辱的讨论,在后四卷中也多次论及这些帝王的功过是非。这些论断对于贞观政治产生了一定的影响,玄武门之变被比作周公诛管放蔡的义举,贞观盛世在某种程度上也是先秦治世的悠长回响。

离子色谱法快速测定秦陵土遗址中无机阴、阳离子含量

研究发现,可溶盐在土遗址内反复溶解重结晶产生的体积膨胀,是导致其产生酥粉、脱落、盐析病害的主要原因,严重影响着遗址类文物的安全与稳定。因此,对土遗址可溶盐组成、分布的系统性研究是判断文物病害成因、病害发展趋势的基础性工作。建立离子色谱技术快速测定秦陵土遗址中无机阴、阳离子的方法,有利于对土遗址或埋藏文物面临的潜在风险进行有效识别,从而为文物预防性保护提供数据支撑。以30 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液用于5种阴离子(F^(-)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)、PO_(4)^(3-))的分离及20 mmol/L甲烷磺酸(MSA)溶液作为淋洗液用于5种阳离子(Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+))的分离,测定中采用抑制电导检测器。结果表明,几种离子的质量浓度均在一定范围内呈线性关系,F^(-)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)、PO_(4)^(3-)等5种阴离子的检出限分别为0.003、0.002、0.001、0.001、0.003 mg/L,Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)等5种阳离子的检出限分别为0.003、0.004、0.004、0.005、0.010 mg/L,阴离子的加标回收率在95.0%~101%,阳离子的加标回收率在91.0%~99.0%。方法具有精密度高、准确度好、分析速度快等优点,可用于秦陵土遗址中常见无机阴、阳离子的快速测定。

论炎帝陵诗歌中的文化意蕴

炎帝崩葬于湖南省株洲市炎陵县鹿原陂炎帝陵。自北宋到清代,炎帝陵祭祀从兴盛到繁荣。炎帝陵的美丽风光与隆重的朝廷御祭吸引着众多文人前来拜谒,留下了大量相关诗歌。从题材上而言,这些诗歌可以分为祭祀颂圣诗与书写帝陵风光之诗。这些诗歌蕴含着丰富的文化意蕴。首先,炎帝陵诗歌中展现出炎帝“农皇”“药皇”的形象。其次,炎帝陵诗歌中书写了大量文学景观,这些文学景观是炎陵美丽风光与诗人们追慕先圣遗风的敬仰之情、恤爱天下生民的博大胸怀的结合。炎帝陵诗歌中包含的文化意蕴,值得我们更深的关注。

Microelement analysis of source of raw materials of terracotta warriors and horses of Qin's Mausoleum in pits No.1 and No.2

In order to search for sources of the raw material of the Qin’s terracotta warriors and horses, we selected 20 samples of pottery warriors and pottery horses of the Qin’s Mausoleum from pit No. 1,19 samples of pottery warriors and brick from pit No. 2, 20 samples of clays near the Qin’s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The 32 kinds of element content of each sample were measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA). These data were analyzed by fuzzy cluster analysis, the trend cluster analysis diagram was obtained. The results showed that samples of terracotta warriors and horses from pits No.1 and No. 2 were closely related to the loam layer near Qin’s Mausoleum, but their relations with the loess layers were not so close, and they were out of all relation to Yaozhou porcelain bodies. Thus, it could be deduced that the Li Mountain clay may be considered as the original place of the raw materials of the terracotta warriors and horses, the kiln sites might be located nearby the Qin’s

藏品视野下的不可移动文物管理——以秦始皇帝陵博物院为例

遗址本体是考古遗址博物馆最具特色的不可移动文物和特殊藏品。因遗址环境的脆弱性和复杂性,且持续的考古发掘和原址展示对遗址本体有一定的要求和影响,相较于综合博物馆,考古遗址博物馆在藏品管理工作中面临更多的困难。秦始皇帝陵博物院作为我国考古遗址博物馆的先行者,多年来深入思考与积极探索不可移动文物的管理、保护、研究、利用,在实践中逐渐形成“科学管理+全面监测”共同作用下的不可移动文物管理模式,进一步提升了藏品管理的有效性和科学性。