Seasonal variability of the mixed layer depth determined using an improved maximum angle method in the Arctic basins

To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Arctic basins,a new criterion to determine the MLD,called the improved maximum angle method(IMAM),was developed.A total of 45123 potential density profiles collected using Ice-Tethered Profilers(ITPs)in the Arctic basins during 2005-2021 were used to demonstrate the method’s effectiveness.By comparing the results obtained by the fixed threshold method(FTM),percentage threshold method(PTM),and maximum gradient method(MGM)for profiles in the Canada Basin,Makarov Basin,and Eurasian Basin,we determined that the quality index(1.0 for perfect identification of the MLD)of the IMAM regarding the assessment of the MLD determination method reached 0.94,which is much greater than those of other criteria.Moreover,two types of the density profiles were identified based on the mixed layer development stage.The MLDs of the typical profiles determined using the IMAM were found to have better consistency with the original definition.By utilizing the new mixed layer criterion,the seasonal variations and regional differences in the MLD in the Arctic basins were analyzed.Spatially,the summer and winter MLDs in the Canada Basin were the shallowest(13.55 m in summer,26.76 m in winter)than those in the Makarov(29.51 m in summer,49.08 m in winter)and Eurasian(20.36 m in summer,46.81 m in winter)basins due to the stable stratification in the upper ocean and the subsequent small effects of dynamic and thermodynamic processes(wind-driven stirring and brine rejection)in the Canada Basin.Seasonally,in the three Arctic basins,the average MLD was shallowest(22.77 m)in summer;it deepened through autumn and reached a winter maximum(41.12 m).

乌鲁木齐冬季浅薄型焚风对大气扩散条件及空气质量的影响

基于2013—2015年冬季乌鲁木齐市6个环境监测站6类污染物逐时的浓度数据,结合乌鲁木齐逐时的地面气象数据、风廓线雷达及常规探空资料,分析了浅薄型焚风对大气扩散条件及污染物浓度变化规律的影响。研究发现:冬季乌鲁木齐浅薄型焚风的出现频率为57.3%,焚风气流平均气流底高约600 m,气流顶高约2100 m,气流厚度约1500 m;乌鲁木齐市冬季焚风日大气扩散条件与非焚风日相比,最大混合层厚度偏低200 m,逆温层厚度偏厚350 m,逆温差差异达4.4℃,逆温强度和平均风速差别不大;焚风日各污染等级的出现频率都高于非焚风日:Ⅲ-Ⅵ级污染日出现频率累积偏高18%,Ⅵ级严重污染日则必有焚风相伴随;除O3以外,焚风日里各类污染物浓度都高于非焚风日,但日变化规律类似;6类污染物浓度的空间分布在焚风日和非焚风日一致,但是各站污染物浓度均高于非焚风日(O3除外)。市区偏南地带空气质量稍优于市区中心和北部地区。

我国陆域大气最大混合层厚度的地理分布与季节变化

用我国 １２５ 个探空站的资料，计算了全国各地最大混合层厚度 ｈ，分析讨论了 ｈ 的地理分布与季节变化特征⒀结果表明，我国ｈ 值的分布呈西高东低，具有４ 个ｈ 高值中心和６ 个低值中心，大部分地区的 ｈ 最低值出现在冬季。

陇中黄土高原半干旱区对流降水的边界层特征

采用2006—2011年的降水、探空和陆面资料,分析了对流降水时的边界层和陆面过程特征,发现在对流降水前3 d至后1 d的最大混合层厚度逐日变化中,在降水之前基本呈现出逐渐增厚并在降水前日达到最大,说明边界层热力对流环境很可能是对流性天气发展的重要能量基础。基于此,又重点分析了陆面通量的角色和作用,发现对流降水发生时段不同,陆面热通量也存在明显差异,傍晚对流降水的感热通量累积值是最大的,而午后对流降水的潜热通量最小;按降水量分类对比,感热通量与降水量存在较明显的正相关关系,而潜热通量则与降水量的关系复杂;当前1 d最大混合层厚度超过3 000 m或当日的感热通量累计值超过2 000 W·m^(-2)时,则在当日发生降水量超过17 mm的对流性降水的概率较大。综合分析表明,陆面热力作用对对流天气形成,尤其是对傍晚时段的对流降水具有重要作用,而局地蒸发对局地水循环的形成还不足以对对流降水产生实质性的贡献。