New Rural Community Construction or Retention Development:A Comparative Analysis of Rural Settlement Transition Mechanism in Plain Agriculture Area of China Based on Actor Network Theory

It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.

Shield Excavation Analysis: Ground Settlement & Mechanical Responses in Complex Strata

This study delves into the effects of shield tunneling in complex coastal strata, focusing on how this constructionmethod impacts surface settlement, the mechanical properties of adjacent rock, and the deformation of tunnelsegments. It investigates the impact of shield construction on surface settlement, mechanical characteristics ofnearby rock, and segment deformation in complex coastal strata susceptible to construction disturbances. Utilizingthe Fuzhou Binhai express line as a case study, we developed a comprehensive numerical model using theABAQUS finite element software. The model incorporates factors such as face force, grouting pressure, jack force,and cutterhead torque. Its accuracy is validated against field monitoring data from engineering projects. Simulationswere conducted to analyze ground settlement and mechanical changes in adjacent rock and segments acrossfive soil layers. The results indicate that disturbances are most significant near the excavation zone of the shieldmachine, with a prominent settlement trough forming and stabilizing around 2.0–3.0 D from the excavation. Theexcavation face compresses the soil, inducing lateral expansion. As grouting pressure decreases, the segmentexperiences upward buoyancy. In mixed strata, softer layers witness increased cutting, intensifying disturbancesbut reducing segment floatation. These findings offer valuable insights for predicting settlements, ensuring segmentand rock safety, and optimizing tunneling parameters.

Coupling Mechanism of Rural Settlements and Mountain Disasters in the Upper Reaches of Min River

Human settlements are the place where human beings live,among which the rural settlements can be regarded as a reflection of human-land relationship in mountain areas because their vertical distribution is greatly influenced by the specific geographical environment and ecological conditions of mountains.Based on field investigation,this paper uses physical,geographical,and ecological theories to make a comprehensive study of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper Min River,which is an ecologically fragile area with high-frequency disasters(collapse,landslide,debris flow,etc.) and a minority inhabit district.By applying these modern scientific theories,this paper attempts to shed some light on the relationship between rural settlements and mountain disasters.Consequently,an in-depth understanding of this relationship was achieved as follows:(1) Rural settlements and mountain disasters are mainly distributed in the intercepted flows of water and soil; and both quantity and quality of arable lands in mountains are important indicators of these flows.(2) The Small Watershed Management Project is a complex system of rural settlements and mountain disasters that interacts with and constrains the ecological system.By this project,the human survival will be better guaranteed.Being fundamental for the ecological reconstruction,the coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters is not only an engine to promote harmonious development between human and nature,but also a bridge to link them.

Failure mechanism of large-diameter shield tunnels and its effects on ground surface settlements

A new technique for the analysis of the three-dimensional collapse failure mechanism and the ground surface settlements for the large-diameter shield tunnels were presented.The technique is based on a velocity field model using more different truncated solid conical blocks to clarify the multiblock failure mechanism.Furthermore,the shape of blocks between the failure surface and the tunnel face was considered as an entire circle,and the supporting pressure was assumed as non-uniform distribution on the tunnel face and increased with the tunnel embedded depth.The ground surface settlements and failure mechanism above large-diameter shield tunnels were also investigated under different supporting pressures by the finite difference method.

Formation Mechanism of Poor Settlements in Lanzhou City

Clarifying the formation mechanism of poor settlements is the " pathological" basis for urban regeneration and poverty governance.On the basis of scientific determination of 155 poor settlements in Lanzhou City,this paper classified their types and analyzed the characteristics of their quantity distribution and density distribution. From the perspective of spatial and social interaction,and combined the internal factors and external factors,this paper put forward the formation mechanism of poor settlements,namely,superposition of unit society collapse and physical environment degradation,interaction between differentiation of residents' income and reform of housing institution,interweaving between urban discontinuous planning and jumping construction,coupling between passive urbanization and active urbanization,and derivation of lagged economic development and unique regional culture.

Analysis of the Choice of Return Mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strat­egy:Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SHAFT LINING WHEN THE STRATUM SETTLEMENT RESULTING FROM WATER DRAINAGE

Based on the stratum settlement resulting from water drainage, this paper establishes the calculating method of stresses and displacements of shaft lining and stratum by using Fourier integration, obtains the calculating formulas of tangiential load which shaft lining is subjected to, and provides theoretical basis for design of shaft lining.

可持续迭代的村镇人居环境设计体系研究

目的为建构可持续建设与有机更新下村镇人居环境设计的基本框架,揭示其在不同发展阶段、地域特征和建设主题下村镇人居样本的应对性设计原则与理论,总结村镇设计在经济、社会、技术影响下的迭代及在地化应变,探讨未来村镇人居环境设计的前沿模式。方法基于可视化文献分析法,对可持续村镇人居环境设计进行系统的脉络梳理,并根据可持续设计的路径推演、要素解析、模式特征进行村镇人居环境设计体系的框架搭建,提出村镇人居环境设计的基本原则与适配化设计技术路线。结果构建了可持续人居建设迭代下的村镇人居环境设计体系,通过解析可持续设计的基本构成要素,分析了村镇人居环境可持续设计的动力机制,揭示了其在需求侧、供给侧和承载侧的基本特征及三者的联动关系,提出了四项村镇人居环境可持续设计的基本原则,并总结出三点分类适配化设计思路。结论以综合设计视角,探讨未来中国村镇转型下的设计思想与技术脉络,根据时代背景、在地特征、未来场景,采取动态应变与适配的原则,提出可持续设计模式、方法与路径,为设计学相关研究者、决策者和执业人员提供理论梳理和实践指导。

综掘工作面混合式风流调控下的粉尘沉降研究

煤矿掘进过程中粉尘聚集严重,目前针对综掘工作面混合式风流调控下粉尘沉降规律及优化的研究还不够深入。基于混合式风流调控系统,依托陕煤集团神木柠条塔矿业有限公司综掘工作面,分析了压风口距工作面距离、压风口右偏角度、压风口口径、抽风口距工作面距离和压抽比等混合式风流调控参数对粉尘沉降规律的影响:随着压风口距工作面距离增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,小颗粒粉尘占比增加;随着压风口右偏角度增加,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比变化明显;随着压风口口径增加,司机处截面小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减;随着抽风口距工作面距离增加,司机处截面大颗粒粉尘占比先增后减,小颗粒粉尘占比先增后减再增,回风侧行人呼吸带截面粉尘粒径分布变化不大;随着压抽比增大,司机处和回风侧行人呼吸带截面小颗粒粉尘占比减小。以上述风流调控各参数为自变量,回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度最低为优化目标,建立了粉尘沉降优化回归模型,利用粒子群优化算法求解模型,得到最优风流调控方案:压风口距工作面距离为8.9 m,压风口右偏角度为14.8°,压风口口径为0.9 m,抽风口距工作面距离为4.3 m,压抽比为1.1。搭建了风流调控下粉尘沉降实验平台,实验结果表明:测试值与粉尘沉降优化回归模型的模拟值误差在13%以内,验证了模型的准确性;优化后粒径为71~100μm的粉尘受风流调控参数影响明显,沉降在掘进机前方;优化后回风侧行人呼吸带全尘平均浓度和司机处呼尘平均浓度分别降低了47.4%和42.4%,降尘效果明显。

以创造精神抓住契机推动世界贸易组织上诉机制的改革

习近平总书记在2023年9月27日中共中央政治局有关世界贸易组织规则与世界贸易组织改革的集体学习会上强调,“参与世界贸易组织改革,要坚定维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制权威性和有效性,积极推动恢复世界贸易组织争端解决机制正常运转”。在WTO上诉机制已经陷入危机、多边贸易体制本身相关性受损的背景下,启动恢复上诉机制的谈判,应是推动WTO改革的优先事项和中国的选项。近年来,美国企图利用其他成员恢复上诉机制的动机以引入针对“非市场导向的政策和做法”的规则。拜登政府近期的动作表明美国前述意图已经有所松动。在各界提出的上诉机制改革新方案中,“沃克原则”和“伍尔夫建议”因应美国诉求以推动美国支持上诉机制改革,具有可行性。包括中国在内的WTO成员方应抓住此契机,了解并梳理美国关于上诉机制的诉求,逐项考虑其可接受性,以此推动上诉机制的改革。

考虑多能源同台竞价的电力中长期融合交易机制设计与实践

新能源的入市可加速新型电力系统建设,针对新能源发电的随机性和波动性而导致上网电量与市场交易电量偏差较大的问题,设计了一种多能源同台竞价的融合交易机制。通过设计融合交易机制的组织流程与出清方式构建了新能源发电商(NEP)在不同交易模式下的结算模型,以江西电力中长期市场为背景设置算例参数,对NEP在几种交易模式下的收益进行分析,并对采用融合交易机制的江西电力中长期市场运行情况进行了对比分析。结果显示所提交易机制能促进新NEP达成交易,明显提升NEP的经济效益,有效推动新能源的入市进程并显著减少交易偏差率。

广西创新国际商事争端解决机制和机构建设路径研究

通常而言,商贸活动越繁荣,对高效、公平的争端解决服务的要求就越高。高效、公平的国际商事争端解决机制除了能定分止争,还能规范国际商贸秩序并为国际商贸发展提供指引。创新国际争端解决机制是广西加快对接《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)经贸新规则的重要措施之一。这既能满足争端解决的市场需求,也有助于广西进一步优化营商环境,发展相关产业,提升治理水平。比较而言,广西创新国际争端解决机制仍面临机构、人才、竞争力等方面发展不足的挑战。广西可以重点聚焦涉及东盟跨境经贸和商业领域,从集成创新政策工具释放广西各类政策红利,依靠相关优惠政策吸引争端解决人才和机构集聚,营造市场化、法治化、国际化的一流营商环境,创新发展RCEP争端解决服务机制,规划建设“争端解决服务”集中区,鼓励相关机构集聚和引导有序竞争等方面,推动国际商事争端解决机制的创新和机构发展,面向东盟和RCEP,建设具有区域特色和国际影响力的国际商事争端解决中心。

论强制调解于“一带一路”投资争端解决的适用

“一带一路”倡议实施十年间,沿线国直接投资数额显著增加、投资结构持续多元化,但也有若干项目由于投资者和当地政府矛盾而被迫中断。“一带一路”是和平之路、合作共赢之路,可以效仿国内法中的强制调解制度,通过引入程序上的强制性来扩大调解在投资者-东道国投资争端解决中的适用,发挥其比投资仲裁更为经济、灵活、有助于合作关系修复的优势。强制调解制度并不会改变调解作为ADR自愿性的本质特征,和解协议的达成仍取决于双方同意。“一带一路”投资争端解决引入强制调解制度时,应该选择适当的路径,明确适用范围,综合考虑磋商、仲裁、东道国法院诉讼等其他争端解决方式的优劣,通过程序规则衔接,着眼于一整套高效、灵活争端解决机制的构建。

公诉案件和解自愿性审查规则的重构进路

自愿性是刑事和解制度适用的基础与前提。当前,刑事和解自愿性的审查实践中出现审查内容存在模糊性、审查方式浮于表面、和解协议书之法律性质不明晰、律师参与不足等问题。构建刑事和解自愿性的审查模式应坚持公正优先、兼顾效率的立场,明确刑事和解协议兼具公法契约与书证之法律属性;构建以形式审查为原则、以实质审查为补充的刑事和解自愿性审查机制。

高速铁路隧道下穿尾矿库开挖安全稳定研究

尾矿库是防止环境污染的重要环保设施,一旦发生渗滤液渗漏、溃坝等,后果极为严重。当隧道从下方穿越尾矿库时,对尾矿库安全稳定存在一定影响。依托粗铅、电锌及渣综合利用工程的配套尾矿库旁大羊山隧道穿越项目,开展隧道开挖方式及尾矿库堆载对于尾矿库安全稳定的研究。经地质预报和监控量测分析,在离尾矿库较远处隧道采用控制爆破开挖,近接范围内采用机械开挖。利用数值模拟软件FLAC 3D,分别建立隧道机械开挖数值模型与尾矿库三维数值模型以分析隧道机械开挖及尾矿库堆渣对地表沉降影响。结果表明,隧道开挖造成的地表沉降对尾矿库最大影响约2.08 mm,尾矿库堆渣本身造成的地表沉降约10 mm,隧道开挖造成的地表沉降值小于尾矿库堆渣造成的地表沉降值。因此,隧道开挖不会对尾矿库安全造成影响。

基于物理信息神经网络的盾构隧道诱发地表沉降预测

地表沉降是城市复杂环境下盾构隧道施工重点关注的问题。传统机器学习方法在预测隧道施工诱发地表沉降时忽略了其内在的物理机理,存在对训练样本需求量较大的弊端。基于深度神经网络(deep neural networks, DNN)对Verruijt-Booker解的围岩位移因子进行修正,构建地表沉降与隧道开挖面空间位置的关联。将修正后的Verruijt-Booker解的物理方程耦合至另一并行的DNN框架中,构建数据-物理双驱动的物理信息神经网络模型(physics-informed neural networks, PINN),从而约束神经网络在满足物理机制的空间中进行训练。算例分析的结果表明:在同等配置的条件下,提出的PINN模型的预测效果显著优于单一数据驱动的传统DNN模型,其外推泛化性能得到显著提升。工程应用的结果表明:PINN模型可以利用施工前期的实测数据,准确预测后续施工过程中开挖面在不同位置时监测断面的地表沉降值。提出的方法有助于提高盾构隧道施工过程中地表沉降控制的智慧化程度,可为工程的潜在风险及施工决策提供预警和指导。

水系影响下的浙江萧山地区乡村聚落空间形态与生成机制研究

文章将水系作为线索,以浙江萧山地区乡村聚落为研究对象,采用GIS空间分析获取聚落选址与水系的相关性,结合自然地貌和水文特征将萧山地区乡村聚落空间形态划分为4种典型模式:丘陵畈田型聚落、湖荡畈田型聚落、泾浜圩田型聚落和标准圩田型聚落,并选取4个典型聚落样本图解其空间形态特征,分析自然环境、农田水利和水运交通对聚落形态生成的影响机制,为水网地区乡村聚落空间形态和景观特征的保护更新提供思路与参考。

传统家族型聚落社会空间关联性研究——以东莞塘尾村为例

以广东省东莞市传统家族型聚落塘尾村为例,引入空间句法并以户为空间基本单元,定量描述空间的集聚效应、观察空间单元的结构性特征。弥补既有研究对空间的单元、界域、中心界定较模糊等问题。从社会网络和空间结构关联视角,探讨地域文化和宗族架构与空间的关联,族群内权力等级差异、职能调整和角色转变等对社会空间的影响以及外部社会事件和人物个性对空间的作用等。结合相关性分析,总结和推演以塘尾村为例的东莞地区传统家族型聚落社会空间转换模式及其影响机理,为更好地延续和振兴地方传统聚落提供新思路和新方法。

填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性数值分析

目前建筑倾斜事故频繁发生,但对于大底盘建筑倾斜全过程的变形力学行为受到了较少的关注。因此,研究了填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程的沉降变形特性及受力特性。基于数值模拟,探讨了填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性相应变化规律,分析填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程中沉降变形及大底盘基础变形受力特性,研究了填方区地基处理优化方案。研究结果表明:建筑倾斜过程中,基础边缘处剪切变形最大,剪切变形值与倾斜值呈正相关;大底盘建筑倾斜过程中基础顶板混凝土首先开裂,其弯曲点不断变化;基础底板尚未开裂但底板南半段出现隆起现象,在靠近倾斜建筑0.2 L(L为底板长度)位置处存在开裂风险,倾斜过程弯曲点基本不变;水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(cement fly-ash gravel,CFG)桩地基处理方案剪应变最大值比原有方案剪应变最大值降低了67.08%,沉降值和倾斜值分别降低了67.52%、73.83%,达到此类建筑倾斜率不应超过3‰的规范要求;研究结果为类似复合地基大底盘建筑纠偏加固提供了借鉴和参考。

贵州巴拉河流域乡村聚落空间格局及其驱动机制研究

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