China’s Industrial Modernization:Development Rationale,Current Status,and Policy Directions

Economies that have effectively escaped the“middle-income trap”demonstrate common traits in their industrial restructuring as they progressed to high-income status.These include a relatively stable share of an economy’s manufacturing sector,a reasonable economic structure,enhanced industrial capabilities,and growth driven by innovation.However,late-moving countries face a number of hurdles as they strive to cross this threshold.China’s development advantages include,among other things,a complete industrial system,a more balanced industrial structure,growing indigenous innovation capabilities,continual expansion and upgrading of domestic demand,and a greater degree of openness.These capabilities have provided continuous momentum for industrial growth,allowing China to capitalize on the next wave of technological and industrial revolutions while also promoting long-term,steady industrial development.During its modernization efforts,China has seen substantial changes in the external environment surrounding its industrial development.We must not only recognize the increasing complexity,intensity,and uncertainty of these changes,but also take proactive steps to solve diverse issues and capitalize on opportunities arising from global digital and green transitions.Equal focus should be placed on strengthening reforms and promoting high-level openness,improving policy coordination and consistency,and pursuing an innovation-driven strategy.This will speed the development of a modern industrial system and encourage the formation of new,high-quality productive forces.

China’s BRI Transportation Investments:Development Bonanza or Debt Trap?

Based on the China Global Investment Tracker(CGIT)database of 2005-2018,this paper creates a country-sector-year panel set for a study on the BRI’s investment effects on the transportation sector of BRI countries using the difference-in-differencesin-differences(DDD)method.Our study finds that the BRI has significantly increased transportation investments by Chinese companies in the BRI countries without causing significant rise in problem transactions.The"debt trap"narrative that the BRI aims to take control over host countries’sovereign rights in exchange for debt write-offs is not supported by evidence.Discussions on sub-samples reveal that the BRI has mainly propelled SOEs in making transportation investments to generate development effects in host countries,most of which are Asian countries,and that the preferred mode of investment is cross-border M&As.

Creation Conditions and Development Model for Lithologic and Stratigraphic Traps in the West Sag of the Beach Area,Liaohe Depression

At present the Eocene reservoir is the focus of exploration in the west sag of the beach area,Liaohe Depression,and lithologic and stratigraphic traps are the most important in the future work.The regional geological background indicated that lithologic and stratigraphic traps might be created in the study area. Studies on creation conditions and distribution pattern of lithologic and stratigraphic traps are

Comparative Analysis on Transition Trap and Middle Income Trap in Current ＇ Economic Development

China now is in the vital stage of the economic transition,which is facing the severe challenge of spanning the middle- income trap.Only the clear recognization of current domestic and overseas situations,the vigorous implementation of self- dependent innovation,and the energetic exploitation of international market will contribute to the fundamental industrial restructuring and the early achievement of marching into high- income countries.

Fine-scale activity patterns of large-and medium-sized mammals in a deciduous broadleaf forest in the Qinling Mountains,China

The composition of animal species and interactions among them are widely known to shape ecological communities and fine-scale(e.g.,<1 km)monitoring of animal communities is essential for understanding the relationships among animals and plants.Although the co-existence of large-and medium-sized species has been studied across different scales,research on fine-scale interactions of herbivores in deciduous broadleaf forests is limited.Camera trapping of large-and medium-sized mammals was carried out over a 1 year period within a 25 ha deciduous broadleaf forest dynamics plot in the Qinling Mountains,China.Fourteen species of large-and medium-sized mammals,including six carnivores,six ungulates,one primate and one rodent species were found.Kernel density estimations were used to analyse the diel or 24 h activity patterns of all species with more than 40 independent detections and general linear models were developed to explore the spatial relationships among the species.The combination of overlapping diel activity patterns and spatial associations showed obvious niche separation among six species:giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca David),takin(Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson),Reeves’s muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi Ogilby),tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii David)and wild boar(Sus scrofa Linnaeus).Long-term fine-scale monitoring is useful for providing information about the co-existence of species and their interactions.The results demonstrate the importance for fine-scale monitoring of animals and plants for improving understanding of species interactions and community dynamics.

A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium Enterprises

Software engineering＇s lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well？ In recent years, Web-based applications have become more and more complicated and a lot of efforts have been placed on introducing new technologies such as J2EE, PhP, and .NET, etc., which have been universally accepted as the development technologies for Web-based applications. However, there is no universally accepted process model for the development of Web-based applications. Moreover, shaping the process model for small medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, which have limited resources, has been relatively neglected. Based on our previous work, this paper presents an expanded lifecycle process model for the development of Web-based applications in SMEs. It consists of three sets of processes, i.e., requirement processes, development processes, and evolution processes. Particularly, the post-delivery evolution processes are important to SMEs to develop and maintain quality web applications with limited resources and time.

Downstream Development of Baroclinic Waves in the Midlatitude Jet Induced by Extratropical Transition: A Case Study

This study uses eddy kinetic energy analysis and a targeting method to investigate how an extratropical transition（ET）event induced downstream development（the modification of the midlatitude flow downstream of the ET system） in the midlatitude jet environment. The downstream development showed distinct characteristics of ＂coupling development＂ and being ＂boundary-trapped＂. Eddies（potential disturbances） first developed at the upper levels, and these triggered lower-level eddy development, with all eddies decaying away from the tropopause and the surface. Thereafter, a lower-level eddy caught up with the upper-level eddy ahead of it, and they coupled to form a cyclone extending through the whole troposphere. Vertical ageostrophic geopotential flux may be a crucial dynamic factor throughout the eddy＇s lower-level growth, boundary-trapping,and coupling development.Together with barotropic conversion, the ageostrophic geopotential fluxes that were transported from Hurricane Fabian（2003） to the midlatitudes by the outflow led to downstream ridge development in the upper-level jet. The strong downstream advection of eddy kinetic energy in the exit region of the jet streak triggered downstream trough development. The well-known ridge–trough couplet thus formed. The vertical ageostrophic fluxes that were transported downward from the developed upper-level systems converged near the surface and resulted in lower-level eddy growth. Baroclinic conversion was negligible near the boundaries, while it was the main source of eddy kinetic energy at mid-levels. In the upper-level jet, potential energy was converted to the mean kinetic energy of the jet, which in turn was converted to eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion.

Economic Development and Small Businesses in Japan

Japan’s economy lost most of its industrial production force as a result of World War II. However, from 1955 onwards, Japan has achieved rapid economic growth, joining the group of the world’s most developed countries by the early 1970s. The period from 1955 to the early 1970s is generally regarded as a period of High Economic Growth. There are various opinions regarding the factors that enabled Japan to attain such high economic growth, referred to as the Economic Miracle. It can be said that Japan’s post-war economic development was the result of advancements in technological innovation on the basis of financial assistance from the United States, which established Japan’s position in the world economy, loans from the bank, and the introduction of technology from abroad. Needless to say, the “high growth of post-war Japanese capitalism has not been achieved only by giant companies alone. On the contrary, without small businesses, especially in their roles as subcontractors, it would have been impossible to achieve such high growth, which has drawn attention internationally” （Nomura, 1981, p. 126）. The purpose of this presentation is to make clear the role of small businesses in the process of economic development.

Brief Talking about the Development of Medical Device Industry in China

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the improvement of Chinese’living standards,people’s awareness of health care has gradually increased,so the demand for medical devices products is also strengthen.In addition,China is gradually entering an aging society and policy support for the medical device industry.China’s medical device industry is developing rapidly.

Problems of private industrial economic development and its countermeasures for Zigong City,Sichuan Province,China

The differences of regional economic development between underdeveloped areas and developed areas are mainly embodied by different levels of private economic development. Since 20-year reform and opening-up to the outside world, the private industry of Zigong has developed gradually, become more and more economically competitive, and played a more and more important role in the economic structure of Zigong. This paper analyzes the problems of private economy and its countermeasures based on the research on its status quo.

西湖凹陷平北地区断裂控藏作用研究

平湖构造带北部(简称平北地区)断裂复杂,复杂断裂不仅控制着圈闭的形成,而且对油气疏导和保存起着至关重要的作用。该文结合最新的地震和钻井资料,对平北地区断裂特征及控圈控藏作用进行梳理。结果表明,平北地区受控于早期鼻状隆起构造背景,断裂系统十分发育,形成自WS向NE散开的帚状断裂体系,主要发育断背斜、断鼻和断块等构造圈闭;同时北东走向的断裂与来自西部物源的条带状三角洲和潮汐作用的砂体相配合,形成一系列断裂-岩性复合圈闭。断裂对油气成藏的控制作用主要体现在两个方面,一方面是作为沟源断裂,起到疏导油气的作用;另一方面是作为圈闭边界,起到封堵油气的作用。该研究成果对研究区下步勘探部署可提供一定的技术支持。

松墨天牛成虫卵巢发育过程及引诱剂诱集雌虫发育状态

【目的】探究松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus雌成虫卵巢发育过程,从日龄的角度对松墨天牛卵巢发育进行分级,并且判断引诱剂野外诱捕雌成虫的发育状态,为松墨天牛高效防控提供参考。【方法】对达到0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40和15日龄交配前后的松墨天牛雌成虫以及引诱剂诱集雌成虫进行生物解剖,观察卵巢发育状态。【结果】松墨天牛雌成虫卵巢发育过程分为5级:发育前期(0-5日龄):卵巢管透明纤细,无卵黄沉积;卵黄沉淀期(5-15日龄):卵巢管内含有少数乳白色和淡黄色未成熟的卵粒;卵巢成熟期(15-20日龄):卵巢管内包含大量完全成熟的卵粒,呈长纺锤形,黄色饱满有光泽;产卵盛期(20-40日龄):输卵管萼中堆满成熟卵粒,中输卵管和侧输卵管中存在待产的卵粒;衰老期(≥40日龄):卵巢管、输卵管萼和输卵管逐渐萎缩。交配后的雌成虫能够产生受精卵,输卵管萼膨大、形态清晰;未交配的雌成虫无法产生受精卵,卵粒堆积在输卵管中无法产出,输卵管萼未分化完全、形态不清晰。野外诱集结果显示,诱集的不同日龄的雌成虫量具有显著性差异,其中处于产卵盛期的雌成虫占比最多,占总量的54.90%±5.50%;卵巢成熟期、衰老期和卵黄沉淀期的雌成虫占比较少,分别占总量的31.37%±5.52%, 11.76%±1.54%和1.96%±0.51%;没有诱集到发育前期的雌成虫。【结论】松墨天牛雌成虫发育至15-20日龄达到性成熟;交配行为能够促进松墨天牛雌成虫卵巢发育。引诱剂可以诱捕到大量刚性成熟的松墨天牛成虫,对于减少松墨天牛产卵量,降低下一代发生基数,降低松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus传播几率具有积极意义。

数字金融与家庭发展韧性--基于CHFS数据的实证研究

本文运用2013—2019年四轮中国家庭金融调查数据与中国数字普惠金融指数,研究数字金融对家庭发展韧性的影响路径及作用机制。研究发现,数字金融显著提高了家庭发展韧性,并增强了脱贫群众内生发展动力。机制分析表明,数字金融发展主要通过风险分担、资产积累以及促进地区经济增长等途径提高家庭发展韧性。路径分析表明,数字金融通过保护家庭免受冲击并刺激家庭生产力发展来提高家庭发展韧性。进一步对数字金融的溢出效应进行验证,尚未发现数字金融带来的“数字鸿沟”现象。最后,在当前中国情境下,移动支付塑造家庭发展韧性的作用要远远大于其他数字金融工具。基于以上分析,本文对如何更好地创新数字金融工具,以及如何巩固脱贫成果提出政策建议。

开发TRAP标记的新策略

烟草作为重要的经济作物和生物工程研究领域的模式植物,由于基因组庞大、结构复杂、重复序列较多以及缺少理想的分子标记,致使大量重要农艺、品质性状缺少分子水平上的遗传研究。因此开发适合烟草的分子标记对其遗传研究具有重要意义。本研究在以往TRAP标记开发经验的基础上,探索了一种直接利用EST-SSR引物作为固定引物开发TRAP标记的新方法,降低了TRAP标记的开发难度和成本,在短期内能开发出丰富的TRAP标记组合。本研究开发了首套烟草TRAP标记,结果显示其扩增带型理想,多态性较高,并在普通烟草品种中筛选到一条类香料烟特殊高香气基因型特征带,显示出良好的应用前景。

甜菜TRAP-PCR反应体系的建立及引物开发策略

以糖用甜菜为材料,利用单因素实验探讨甜菜TRAP-PCR反应体系中d NTPs、引物、模板以及DNA聚合酶等4个因素的浓度变化对扩增结果的影响,最终建立糖用甜菜的最佳TRAP-PCR反应体系。结果表明,在20μL反应体系中,甜菜TRAP-PCR最优反应体系包含2.0μL的10×PCR buffer(含Mg2+)、10 ng的模板DNA、0.75 U的Taqase、10μmol/L固定引物及随机引物各0.8μL以及0.5μL的d NTPs(2.5 mmol/L each)。并建立了一种快速开发甜菜TRAP-PCR引物的方法,利用优化后的程序对15份糖甜菜品种进行扩增。结果表明,该体系扩增结果稳定、条带清晰,部分引物多态性丰富,可用于糖用甜菜品种指纹图谱的构建以及其他分子生物学领域的研究。

发展权与“修昔底德陷阱”之辩——以中国海洋权益保障为视角

在“修昔底德陷阱”的语境下,快速发展崛起的中国给现在的霸主国美国带来恐惧和不安,因而招致其防范和针对。按照美国的叙事逻辑,中国的和平崛起被认为是世界不稳定的根源。但从发展权的视角来分析,中国的快速发展遵循国际法规范,武装力量的建设和使用始终以保护本国主权和发展权益为基准。中国海洋武装力量建设及运用模式同样完全遵循国际法规范,并无称霸之意。所谓的“修昔底德陷阱”,只是美西方不乐见中国发展壮大而寻求进行攻讦、打压的借口。为应对此种情况,中国始终坚持和平发展之路,同时有针对性地发展能够捍卫自身权益的武装力量,还需打破西方话术圈套,以中国叙事方式讲述珍爱和平、反对霸权的中国故事。

共享发展中潜在“三大陷阱”的生成逻辑与跨越路径

共享发展是实现全体人民共同富裕背景下推动经济结构升级和缩小区域、城乡发展差距的主要途径。但在推进共享发展的过程中存在可能陷入多重陷阱的风险,如陷入中等收入陷阱、库兹涅茨陷阱和梅佐乔诺陷阱。故应明确这些陷阱的生成逻辑及陷入陷阱的风险挑战,在此基础上探寻跨越这些陷阱的路径。研究发现,要聚焦靶向布局以保证渐进共享,跨越中等收入陷阱;贯彻全面深化改革以保障全民共享,规避库兹涅茨陷阱;加强科学决策,实现全域共享,防范梅佐乔诺陷阱。

浏览器界面视障设计的情况探索

本文探讨了在互联网不断发展时,网页中的无障碍设计能否真正地解决视觉障碍者的需求,目的是发现当前无障碍设计的不足。通过访谈网页的开发者们,对现有网页的无障碍设计找到3点在很多网页设计上都会出现的问题。在进行基本统计量分析后,对焦点陷阱这一网页开发中经常出现的问题提出合理的改进意见。

Impact of City Scale and Regional Difference on Small & Medium-Sized Cities' Development and Its Implication

By studying the relationship between urban development performance and city scale and regional difference, this paper aims at revealing the real challenges faced by small and medium-sized cities(referred to as SMSC hereafter) in China. It analyzes the growth of different-sized cities, their positions in China's overall urban system, the influence of city scale on their capability in migrant absorption, economic development, public service, and environmental remediation, as well as the capability difference among SMSCs. Results show that city scale is less a determinant in economic development capability and per capita ownership of public service than in economic performance, quality of public service, and environmental remediation capabilities. Besides, there are many other factors determined by regional differences instead of city scale. Therefore, in the context when SMSC plays an increasingly important role in the process of urbanization, relevant parties should avoid the "trap of scale," and re-position urbanization within the framework of sustainable development.

The ＂Middle Income Trap＂ in Economic Growth in Different Economies

Nowadays, more than 50% of the world population live in middle-income economies. Economies in the middle-income development stage are confronted with a number of challenges, such as economic restructuring, industrial upgrade and income growth. Therefore, academia around the worm have paid much attention to theoretical and empirical researches of the ＂middle income trap＂ and long-term trends of global economic growth. Based on analyses about the long-term growth path of the world economy and the characteristics of different stages of economic development, this paper defines the＂middle income trap＂ and its characteristics and examines, through a large number of cases from different economies, the reasons why ＂growth slowdown＂ arises during the middle-income development stage. These theoretic and empirical researches have reference value and heuristic meaning for China to actively respond to the challenges of the ＂middle income trap＂.