Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors there...Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.展开更多
There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mi...There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mixed methods that are commonly used by researchers in various research studies.However,with many options regarding the research design,it seems challenging for researchers to select the most appropriate approach based on the study and realize differences.This study provides a comprehensive review of qualitative,quantitative,and mixed-method research methods.Each method is clearly defined and specifically discussed based on applications,types,advantages,and limitations to help researchers identify select the most relevant type based on each study and navigate accordingly.展开更多
Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specific...Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.展开更多
BACKGROUND: There is a developing interest in qualitative research to understand the perspectives and experiences of people living with obesity. However, obesity is a stigmatised condition associated with negative ste...BACKGROUND: There is a developing interest in qualitative research to understand the perspectives and experiences of people living with obesity. However, obesity is a stigmatised condition associated with negative stereotypes. Social contexts emphasizing large body size as a problem, including research interviews, may amplify obesity stigma. This study reviews the methodology employed by qualitative studies in which study participants were obese and data collection involved face-to-face interviews. METHODS: Database searches identified qualitative studies meeting inclusion criteria from 1995 to 2012. Following screening and appraisal data were systematically extracted and analyzed from 31 studies. RESULTS: The studies included 1206 participants with a mean age of 44 years and mean BMI of37 kg/m2. Women (78.8%) outnumbered men (21.2%) by four to one. Socio-economic background was not consistently reported. The studies employed similar, typically pragmatic, qualitative methodologies, providing rich textual data on the experience of obesity derived from face-to-face interviews. The majority considered quality issues in data collection, analyses and generalizability of findings. However, the studies were weak as regards researcher reflexivity in relation to interviewer characteristics and obesity stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of obesity stigma has not been attended to in the qualitative research. Clear information about study participants is essential, but studies involving face-to-face interviews should also report on interviewer characteristics including body size.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to consider the relevance of CARICOM＇s existence to the Virgin Islands （BVI）. Its relevance becomes more significant to the BVI and the Caribbean, by extension, when the globalization ...The purpose of this study was to consider the relevance of CARICOM＇s existence to the Virgin Islands （BVI）. Its relevance becomes more significant to the BVI and the Caribbean, by extension, when the globalization phenomenon is applied; a phenomenon that has been in existence for centuries. Overall, the study concluded that even though the BVI remains only an associate member of CARICOM and not of CSME, it still has an interest in the progress of the regional grouping and its trade initiatives. Over the years, CARICOM has been struggling with its identity as a unified grouping. Nonetheless, it was found that in an effort to combat the trade liberalization process, the grouping must find that inner connection to advance its agenda on the global stage. Accordingly, it has been suggested that CARICOM begin to focus on its strengths and opportunities in order for economic development across the region to occur. It has also been recommended that more serious considerations be taken towards the development of a comprehensive regional market for the trading of goods and services, that is, the Caribbean Single Market and Economy （CSME）. To substantiate its findings, the paper used the qualitative research approach, combined with a situation （SWOT） analysis.展开更多
Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which a...Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the infant deaths in India. India’s current trajectories of neonatal and infant mortality rates make it unlikely that it will achieve its targets for infant mortality rate for 2015 set under the Millennium Development Goals. Since two-thirds of infant deaths in India are neonatal deaths, implementation of effective neonatal care strategies would be essential to reduce infant mortality considerably. The history of child health services in India suggests an inattention to qualitative parameters, hindering a reversal of its failures. We discuss a format of mixed-methods participatory research, integrated with routine district level household surveys (DLHS), as a model of health services research which would better delineate the problems encountered in delivering effective newborn care at the primary care level.展开更多
当前,面对教育质性研究中日益增多的非结构化数据,传统的手动编码和解释方法已难以有效应对,而大模型(Large Language Model,LLM)的快速发展为社会科学的质性研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。为此,文章聚焦LLM在教育质性研究中的应用,首先从...当前,面对教育质性研究中日益增多的非结构化数据,传统的手动编码和解释方法已难以有效应对,而大模型(Large Language Model,LLM)的快速发展为社会科学的质性研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。为此,文章聚焦LLM在教育质性研究中的应用,首先从理论层面阐释了LLM的潜力,包括其在心理理论应用、非结构化数据分析、背景知识利用以及数据增强技术介入等方面的优势;然后,文章提出了LLM在教育质性研究不同阶段的应用框架,涵盖研究设计与预备分析,数据收集与信息交互,数据分析与模式识别,成果展示、验证与传播等环节;最后,文章通过一个基于GPT-4的智能访谈案例,展示了LLM优化教育质性研究设计、改进数据收集与分析方法的过程。文章通过研究,旨在为LLM在教育质性研究中的应用提供理论框架,并为未来教育质性研究方法的实践创新提供思路。展开更多
文摘Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.
文摘There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mixed methods that are commonly used by researchers in various research studies.However,with many options regarding the research design,it seems challenging for researchers to select the most appropriate approach based on the study and realize differences.This study provides a comprehensive review of qualitative,quantitative,and mixed-method research methods.Each method is clearly defined and specifically discussed based on applications,types,advantages,and limitations to help researchers identify select the most relevant type based on each study and navigate accordingly.
文摘Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.
文摘BACKGROUND: There is a developing interest in qualitative research to understand the perspectives and experiences of people living with obesity. However, obesity is a stigmatised condition associated with negative stereotypes. Social contexts emphasizing large body size as a problem, including research interviews, may amplify obesity stigma. This study reviews the methodology employed by qualitative studies in which study participants were obese and data collection involved face-to-face interviews. METHODS: Database searches identified qualitative studies meeting inclusion criteria from 1995 to 2012. Following screening and appraisal data were systematically extracted and analyzed from 31 studies. RESULTS: The studies included 1206 participants with a mean age of 44 years and mean BMI of37 kg/m2. Women (78.8%) outnumbered men (21.2%) by four to one. Socio-economic background was not consistently reported. The studies employed similar, typically pragmatic, qualitative methodologies, providing rich textual data on the experience of obesity derived from face-to-face interviews. The majority considered quality issues in data collection, analyses and generalizability of findings. However, the studies were weak as regards researcher reflexivity in relation to interviewer characteristics and obesity stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of obesity stigma has not been attended to in the qualitative research. Clear information about study participants is essential, but studies involving face-to-face interviews should also report on interviewer characteristics including body size.
文摘The purpose of this study was to consider the relevance of CARICOM＇s existence to the Virgin Islands （BVI）. Its relevance becomes more significant to the BVI and the Caribbean, by extension, when the globalization phenomenon is applied; a phenomenon that has been in existence for centuries. Overall, the study concluded that even though the BVI remains only an associate member of CARICOM and not of CSME, it still has an interest in the progress of the regional grouping and its trade initiatives. Over the years, CARICOM has been struggling with its identity as a unified grouping. Nonetheless, it was found that in an effort to combat the trade liberalization process, the grouping must find that inner connection to advance its agenda on the global stage. Accordingly, it has been suggested that CARICOM begin to focus on its strengths and opportunities in order for economic development across the region to occur. It has also been recommended that more serious considerations be taken towards the development of a comprehensive regional market for the trading of goods and services, that is, the Caribbean Single Market and Economy （CSME）. To substantiate its findings, the paper used the qualitative research approach, combined with a situation （SWOT） analysis.
文摘Despite several national programs to reduce infant mortality, India had repeatedly failed to achieve its set targets for infant mortality. There are approximately one million neonatal deaths in India each year which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the infant deaths in India. India’s current trajectories of neonatal and infant mortality rates make it unlikely that it will achieve its targets for infant mortality rate for 2015 set under the Millennium Development Goals. Since two-thirds of infant deaths in India are neonatal deaths, implementation of effective neonatal care strategies would be essential to reduce infant mortality considerably. The history of child health services in India suggests an inattention to qualitative parameters, hindering a reversal of its failures. We discuss a format of mixed-methods participatory research, integrated with routine district level household surveys (DLHS), as a model of health services research which would better delineate the problems encountered in delivering effective newborn care at the primary care level.
文摘当前,面对教育质性研究中日益增多的非结构化数据,传统的手动编码和解释方法已难以有效应对,而大模型(Large Language Model,LLM)的快速发展为社会科学的质性研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。为此,文章聚焦LLM在教育质性研究中的应用,首先从理论层面阐释了LLM的潜力,包括其在心理理论应用、非结构化数据分析、背景知识利用以及数据增强技术介入等方面的优势;然后,文章提出了LLM在教育质性研究不同阶段的应用框架,涵盖研究设计与预备分析,数据收集与信息交互,数据分析与模式识别,成果展示、验证与传播等环节;最后,文章通过一个基于GPT-4的智能访谈案例,展示了LLM优化教育质性研究设计、改进数据收集与分析方法的过程。文章通过研究,旨在为LLM在教育质性研究中的应用提供理论框架,并为未来教育质性研究方法的实践创新提供思路。
