Altitudinal changes of surface pollen and vegetation on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains,China

To provide information on vegetation patterns and altitudinal distributions of pollen assemblage in surface soil layers,their complicated relationships in a dryland mountain-basin system in northwestern China and a realistic basis for paleovegetational reconstruction,we investigated 86 vegetation quadrats and analyzed 80 soil samples from the surface soil layers along an altitudinal transect on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains from alpine cushion vegetation at 3,510 m near glacier to desert vegetation at 460 m in the Gurbantunggut Desert.According to surface pollen assemblages and the results of the detrended correspondence analysis,the transect can be divided into six major altitudinal pollen zones as alpine cushion vegetation,alpine and subalpine meadows,montane Picea forest,forest-steppe ecotone,Artemisia desert and typical desert,which basically reflect the characteristics of the mountainous vegetation patterns on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.However,Picea pollen also exists outside the spruce forest,Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen appeared above the elevation of 1,300 m,indicating that most of them might be introduced from lower elevations by upslope winds.Airborne pollen researches from three regions at different elevations further suggest that a high-frequency northwest anabatic wind has a remarkable influence on the transportation and dispersion of surface pollen in the area.

Intra-continental back-arc basin inversion and Late Carboniferous magmatism in Eastern Tianshan,NW China:Constraints from the Shaquanzi magmatic suite

The Yamansu belt,an important tectonic component of Eastern Tianshan Mountains,of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China hosts many Fe-(Cu)deposit.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of the volcanic rocks of Shaquanzi Formation and diorite intrusions in the Yamansu belt.The Shaquanzi Formation comprises mainly basalt,andesite/andesitic tuff,rhyolite and sub-volcanic diabase with local diorite intrusions.The volcanic rocks and diorites contain ca.315-305 Ma and ca.298 Ma zircons respectively.These rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),light rare-earth elements(LREEs),and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams,which resemble typical back-arc basin rocks.They show depleted mantle signature with ε_(Nd)(t)ranging from+3.1 to +5.6 for basalt;+2.1 to+4.7 for andesite;-0.2 to+1.5 for rhyolite and the ε_(Hf)(t)ranges from-0.1 to +13.0 for andesites;+5.8 to +10.7 for andesitic tuffs.We suggest that the Shaquanzi Formation basalt might have originated from a depleted,metasomatized lithospheric mantle source mixed with minor(3-5%)subduction-derived materials,whereas the andesite and rhyolite could be fractional crystallization products of the basaltic magma.The Shaquanzi Formation volcanic rocks could have formed in an intracontinental back-arc basin setting,probably via the southward subduction of the Kangguer Ocean beneath the Middle Tianshan Massif.The Yamansu mineralization belt might have undergone a continental arc to back-arc basin transition during the Late Carboniferous and the intra-continental back-arc basin might have closed in the Early Permian,marked by the emplacement of dioritic magma in the Shaquanzi belt.

Discovery of Radiolarian Fossils from the Aiketik Group at the Western End of the South Tianshan Mountains of Chinaand Its Implications

The Aiketik Group, distributed at the western end of the South TianshanMountains, China, is an important lithostratigraphic unit involved in the South Tianshan orogen. Itis separated from the adjacent rocks by faults. Generally, the geologists ascribed it to the UpperCarboniferous according to Pseudostaffella sp., Profusulinella sp. and Fusulinella sp. found fromthe limestone and sandy limestone of Aiketik. Our radiolarian fossils were obtained from the chertsamples collected from the Haladaok section located at the upper Tuoshihan River. The fossils mainlyinclude Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. aff. A.paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp., Albaillellaexcelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?), Belowea variabilis (Ormiston et Lane), Callella cf. C.parvispinosa Won, Entactinia cf. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia aff. E. tortispinaOrmiston et Lane, Entactinia variospina Won, Entactinia sp., Eostylodictya rota (Won),Latentifistula impella (Ormistone et Lane) (?), Latentifistula turgita Omiston et Lane,Latentifistulidae gen. et. sp. indet. and Polyentactinia cf. aranea Gourmelon. Among them,Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?) is a Late Permian species with some elementsuncertain as there is only one poorly-preserved fossil of this species found so far. And tworadiolarian assemblages can be identified from the other fossils. One is the early EarlyCarboniferous assemblage represented by Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa andAlbaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon. And the other is the late Early Carboniferousassemblage represented by Eostylodictya rota (Won). This is the first discovery of radiolarianfossils in the Aiketik Group, also the first discovery of Late Permian radiolarian fossils in theSouth Tianshan Mountains. Meanwhile, this is the current westernmost sampling site of radiolarianfossils in the South Tianshan Mountains.

The pH value and electrical conductivity of atmospheric environment from ice cores in the Tianshan Mountains

Electrical Conductivity Measurement （ECM） from ice core is a representative index for atmospheric environmental change. The pH value and ECM from three shallow ice cores （each 3.85 m, 231 ice samples total） on Glacier No.1 at the headwater of Urumqi River, Glacier No.48 in Kuitun area, and Miaoergou Glacier in Hami area in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, western China, were measured and analyzed for atmospheric environment records research. Ice core record shows that the changing trend of pH and ECM in three sites in recent years is different： ECM in Kuitun increases with the ice depth change, but ECM in Hami and Urumqi Glacier No.1 ice cores show a decreasing trend. Average ECM value in Hami is much larger than other two sites, just as the dust concentration and ions concentration are also very high in this site. ECM records in all three sites are mainly affected by aerosol mineral dust of Central Asia, and correlative coefficients of ECM and mineral ions such as Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Na^2＋ are all significantly high. The pH value and ECM are also significantly high correlative coefficients in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. Comparison between the eastern Tianshan Mountains and other sites in western China, and Polar Regions, shows that the difference of ECM can very well reflect the spatial difference of worldwide atmospheric environment.

Geochemical Characteristics of Granitoids in the Eastern Sector of the Northern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

The granitioids in question are located in the geosynclinal fold belt of the Northern Tianshan Mountains.The magmas are intruded into a Carboniferous marine volcanic-sedimentary rock series. forming a contempo-raneous. intermediate-basic to acid. composite intrusion. With a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 315.7 Ma. itis considered to be of middle Heicynian age. The granitoids have a SiO_2 content of 48-78%, a calc-alkali indexof 60 and silica-alkali indices ρ=2.2-2.4 and σ=1.5-2. From basic to acid compositions, the total REE con-tent increases from 38 to 143 ppm. δEu ranges from 0.47 to 0.86 and the Eu anomalies are negative. Thenormalized curves of REE of various rock types are very similar. These coupled with the characteristics of traceelement geochemistry show that the intrusion is an island arc-continental margin, calc-alkaline one. Theδ^(18)O values range from 5.8 to 8.9‰ and the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr initial ratio is 0.705. The materials of the intrusion arecomposed of a mixture of the magmas at the top of the upper mantle and in the lower crust, This indicates thatthe rocks might be consanguineous. differentiated and evolved products and possess the characteristics of Ⅰtype granites.

新疆中天山北坡断裂带不同海拔高度土壤温度分布特征

研究中天山断裂带从高山带到准噶尔盆地边缘整个过渡带的土壤温度分布特征有助于理解干旱区土壤环境特征,从而为土地利用、农业生产提供依据。本文选取新疆中天山断裂带海拔高度呈梯度分布的6个气象站2005年至2020年各层土壤温度的日观测数据,利用统计方法分析了不同地形、不同深度土壤温度随海拔高度的变化特征以及不同海拔高度土壤温度随深度的变化特征。分析表明:中天山北坡土壤温度变幅随海拔高度的降低而升高。不同地形的土壤最高温和最低温的年温差浅层大于深层,由浅至深年最高温度和年最低温度出现的时间逐渐推迟;年内中天山北坡不同海拔高度0~20 cm的土壤日平均温度曲线大致呈余弦函数曲线,320 cm深度的土壤温度基本呈正弦函数分布,较0~20 cm地温的最高和最低晚3个月左右。研究区土壤温度随海拔高度降低呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在海拔为3539~600 m高度范围,土壤温度随着海拔的升高而降低。在600~441 m高度范围,土壤温度随着海拔的下降而下降;0~20 cm为土壤温度变化的活跃层,40 cm深度的土壤温度可称之为过渡层,320 cm深度称为土壤温度的稳定层,80~160 cm称为土壤温度的次稳定层。

东天山白鑫滩铜镍硫化物矿床矿石铂族元素特征及其矿床成因

笔者等针对矿床不同的矿石类型中PGE的含量进行了综合分析和理论计算和研究。该理论对于通过铂族元素可以精细刻画出岩浆结晶分异过程中元素的迁移、富集规律,示踪成矿母岩浆的物质来源。通过本次研究对于寻找与镁铁—超镁铁岩有关的铜镍矿床中综合评价铂族元素提供了一定的方向和借鉴,能够进一步指导和推动铜镍矿中伴生铂族元素的评价和利用。新疆白鑫滩铜镍硫化物矿床是近年来东天山新发现的镍矿床,矿床规模镍已达到中型,铜为小型矿床。矿床矿石以海绵陨铁状结构为主,且矿床中铜矿石资源量大于镍矿石资源量。本次工作针对矿区东西部两个最大的矿体系统地采集了样品,并分析了矿体中铂族元素含量,根据大量铂族数据的统计与模拟计算,获得了白鑫滩矿床母岩浆的PGE组成:Os=0.335×10^(-9),Ir=0.267×10^(-9),Ru=0.277×10^(-9),Rh=0.144×10^(-9),Pt=4.94×10^(-9),Pd=2.32×10^(-9),Ni=338×10^(-6),Cu=174×10^(-6)。通过R因子与硫化物分异结晶过程模拟,白鑫滩铜镍硫化物矿床的R因子为115。综合分析对比不同矿床矿石铂族元素特征,表明白鑫滩成矿岩体为地幔物质来源,成矿作用主要受母岩浆的结晶分异作用控制。

新疆东天山造山带西段海豹滩岩浆硫化物铜镍矿床多期次侵入与成矿关系

新疆东天山地区造山带中发育大量与镁铁-超镁铁岩有关的铜镍矿,本次研究的海豹滩镁铁-超镁铁岩体就是其中之一。与其他区域形成的铜镍矿大地构造背景不同,东天山铜镍矿均产于中亚造山带南部的岛弧构造环境,通过本次研究识别出海豹滩镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体的不同侵入期次,圈出岩体范围,大致查明不同含矿期次岩体的规模、形态、产状等,突破了以往对该类岩体含矿性差的认识,为该区寻找同类型矿床提供新的勘查思路和方向。

不同牧压对天山北坡中段山地草甸植物群落特征及植物生活型的影响

【目的】研究天山北坡中段山地草甸植物群落特征在不同牧压条件下的变化,为建立合理放牧利用制度提供理论依据。【方法】通过对庙尔沟乡索尔巴斯陶夏、冬牧场的实际放牧强度和草场植被状况进行调查,选择重度(HG)、中度(MG)、轻度(LG)且具代表性地段的放牧场,设置3个不同牧压监测点,每个监测点设置3个重复。【结果】在不同牧压条件下,植物群落优势种略有差异,群落物种数随着放牧强度的增大而减少。随着牧压增大,禾本科、豆科等优良牧草的重要值下降,而杂类草及醉马草的重要值增大;不同牧压对植被生物量的影响最大,其次是植被的盖度和高度,对频度的影响较小,呈现出植被平均高度、总盖度和生物量随放牧强度增大而降低的趋势;不同放牧时期对山地草甸植被优势种和植物生活型有明显影响,在夏季放牧场中植株矮小、重要值很低的金露梅在冬季放牧场中却株型高大,重要值也极高。【结论】在不同牧压条件下,群落物种组成不同,HG、MG、LG物种数分别为26、22和33种,物种间数目相差明显。重度放牧降低了植物群落的高度、盖度和地上生物量,并增大了杂类草和醉马草的优势。随着放牧强度增大,植物的生活型和重要值发生了改变,这也是植物生长过程中适应环境变化的一种策略。

THE CONODONT SEQUENCE AND A MIDDLE-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY IN THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, XINJIANG

In Xinjiang, the Arqialehe Carboniferous section of the Boluoheluo Mountain is an important and representative one for the Carboniferous strata in the Middle Tianshan Mountains. Based mainly on brachiopods, corals and fusutinids, Yang Shi-fu first divided the Carboniferous section in detail, and the Middle-Carboniferous boundary in this region has been debated for a long time (Table 1).

Provenance of upper Permian-lowermost Triassic sandstones, Wutonggou low-order cycle, Bogda Mountains, NW China:implications on the unroofing history of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture

This study investigates the provenance of sedimentary rocks in Bogda Mountains, NW China, and reconstructs the lithology and unroofing history of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture. Petrographic point counting data of sandstones and compositions of conglomerates of upper Permian-lowermost Triassic Wutonggou low-order cycle from Zhaobishan, North Tarlong, Taodonggou, and Dalongkou sections in the southern and northern foothills of Bogda Mountains were used to interpret the temporal and spatial variations of lithology of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture, which is the sediment source area. Three compositional trends were identified. A trend of upwardincreasing quartz content and granitic pebbles in Zhaobishan section suggests a change from the undissected volcanic arc, accretionary wedge and trench setting to predominantly transitional volcanic arc and subordinate accretionary wedge and trench, in the eastern part of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture. In North Tarlong and Taodonggou sections, however, the lithic content decreases and the contents of quartz and granitic pebbles increase up sections. These trends indicate that the western part of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture changed from an undissected volcanic arc to the transitional volcanic arc, accretionary wedge and trench. No clear trend in the lithic-rich sandstones of the Dalongkou section indicates that sediments were derived from the undissected volcanic arc in the Eastern North Tianshan Suture and local rift shoulders. Compositional variations of studied rocks suggest that the Eastern North Tianshan Suture was an amalgamated complex with great spatial and temporal heterogeneities in lithology and experienced persistent unroofing during late Permian-earliest Triassic. This study reconstructs a key element of the Chinese Tianshan Suture and serves as an example to understand the unroofing processes of ancient sutures.

Changes in climate extremes in a typical glacierized region in central Eastern Tianshan Mountains and their relationship with observed glacier mass balance

As an icon of anthropogenic climate change,alpine glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change.However,there remain research gaps regarding trends in climate extremes in glacierized regions and their relationship with local glacier mass balance.In this study,these relationships and their underlying links were explored in a typical glacierized region in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains,China,from 1959 to 2018.All warm extremes exhibited increasing trends that intensified dramatically from the 1990s.Meanwhile,decreasing trends were found for all cold extremes except for the temperatures of the coldest days and coldest nights.All of the precipitation extremes demonstrated increasing trends,except for consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days.Statistically significant positive/negative correlations were detected between glacier mass balance and six warm extremes(TN90p,TX90p,SU99p,TR95p,TXx,and TNx)/four cold extremes(TN10p,TX10p,FD0,and ID0).Simulation results showed that the impact of the intensity/frequency of the warm extremes(TN90p,TX90p,SU99p,and TR95p)on glacier ablation was remarkable and the effect of the cold extremes(FD0 and ID0)on accumulation was also significant.Additionally,the increases in the intensity and frequency of most climate extremes seemed more remarkable in glacierized regions than in non-glacierized regions.Hence,studies on glacier-climate interactions should focus greater attention on the impacts of climate extremes on glacier evolution.

东天山中段主干断裂地球化学识别

对研究区元素含量水平、分布特征、元素组合及差异等,制作相应元素的衬值累加值比值图,通过对比分析,结合研究区重力、航磁特征,从地球化学角度对区内主干断裂以往存在分歧的延展问题进行地球化学有效识别和定位,为研究区成矿单元的合理划分提供支撑。

348-YEAR PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTION FROM TREE-RINGS FOR THE NORTH SLOPE OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS

Correlation census shows that the correlation between the tree-ring chronologies in the Urumqi River Basin and precipitation during July in the last year to February in the concurrent year is significant,and the best single correlation coefficient is 0.74,with significance level of 0.0001. Using two residual chronologies collected from west Baiyanggou and Boerqingou,precipitation for 348 years can be reconstructed in the North Slope of middle Tianshan Mountains,its explained variance is 62%.According to much verification from independent precipitation data,historical climate records,glacier and other data.it shows that the reconstructed precipitation series of 348 years is reliable.Analysis of precipitation features indicates that there were three wet periods occurring during 1671(?)—1692,1716—1794 and 1825—1866 and three dry periods during 1693 —1715,1795—1824 and 1867—1969.Two wet periods,during 1716—1794 and 1825—1866, correspond to the times of the second and the third glacial terminal moraine formation,which is in front of No.1 glacier in Urumqi River source.According to computation,corresponding annual precipitation amounts are 59mm and 30mm more than now.The reconstructed precipitation series has a significant drying trend from 1716 to 1969.and has better representativeness to the precipitation of Urumqi and Changji Prefecture on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains.

东天山中段晚古生代面状剪切带形成机制与金成矿关系研究

东天山晚古生代康古尔塔格构造—金矿带的中段南带开展构造控矿研究,为区域金矿定位预测与勘探提供依据。采用区域构造分析和构造解析方法,在雅满苏北部厘定出一类已发生变形改造的大型面状脆韧性—韧性剪切带,构造恢复表明,其形成于晚古生代造山早期向北的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切(S1//S0)作用,并作为区域金矿的一级控矿构造而成为俯冲带深源成矿流体向上运移成矿的主通道。在造山过程中递进变形的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切晚期、向南北向横向缩短转换阶段,伴随区域抬升和断褶作用,拆离剪切带分支断裂开始成生并向上突破,导致封闭在拆离带内运移的深源含矿流体以断层阀方式分流排泄,成矿流体沿分支断裂向上运移,在断裂上盘或上盘背斜枢纽处的低序次的断裂、破裂中聚集卸载,形成充填石英脉和交代蚀变岩型(造山型)金矿,并有时限为276.5±2.9Ma的石英闪长斑岩侵入产出;晚期褶皱、断裂等叠加构造则对矿床(体)破坏、改造及保存起了重要作用。

天山北坡中段天然草地植物群落特征及变化规律研究

【目的】调查天山北坡中段垂直带上三种典型草地类型植被基本优势种情况,以及三种草地类型在植被生长季内植物群落基本特征及动态变化规律。【方法】采用实地观测固定样方法,每月固定时间监测植物群落基本特征数据。【结果】三种不同草地类型天然草地植物群落优势种不同月份所表现出的重要值和基本特征规律均不相同,三种草地类型植物群落各优势种的重要值在不同月份无固定规律,各优势种在不同月份的优势性也会有变化;天山北坡中段山地草甸植物种类丰富,建群种植物主要为中生禾草和杂类草,优势种植物主要为无芒雀麦、鸭茅和羽衣草,生长季内草层平均高度为6.8~32.2 cm,植被盖度80%~100%。山地草原植物群落结构简单,优势种植物主要为苔草、羊茅和针茅,生长季内草层平均高度为6.3~12.6 cm,植被盖度62%~80%。山地荒漠植被稀疏,优势种植物主要为冷蒿、镰芒针茅和盐爪爪,生长季内草层平均高度为6.9~11.9 cm,植被盖度23%~35%,覆盖度较低,草地退化现象明显。【结论】天然草地植物群落基本特征及变化规律受气候影响较大,尤其受降水量影响很大。本研究中不同草地类型各优势种植物各监测指标在不同月份呈现的规律有所不同,但与植物本身生长发育规律基本一致。

基于四分量钻孔应变的天山中段地区构造应变变化

根据钻孔应变观测理论,利用巴仑台、库米什和小泉沟分量钻孔应变观测数据定量计算测区附近构造应变变化。结果显示,三个台站的最大-最小主应变、面应变和剪应变的应变速率相对恒定,主方向大体不变;巴仑台附近区域受张-压应力相互作用,主压应变方向为N22°W,库米什台附近区域受拉张应力作用,主张应变方向为N8°E;小泉沟台附近区域受压应力作用,主压应变方向约为N46°W;精河M_(S)6.6地震前巴仑台和小泉沟的应变变化速率明显高于平均水平,均呈现在压缩背景下的应变加速变化异常,可以为应变资料同类异常的识别和判定提供参考。

新疆天山中段地壳和上地幔顶部P波速度结构研究

天山造山带一直以来是研究盆山耦合作用的理想场所,深入理解这一地区的壳幔结构对认识天山造山带深部动力学过程具有重要意义.本研究基于2009—2020年新疆区域数字地震台网固定台站、震后架设应急流动台站以及部分宽频带流动地震台站记录到的MS≥1.5地震到时资料,采用双差地震层析成像方法反演获得了新疆天山中段精细的地壳和上地幔顶部三维P波速度结构和地震震源参数.结果显示:新疆天山中段具有复杂的深浅构造关系,地壳浅部及上地壳P波速度结构与地表地质构造密切相关,高速异常区对应于天山造山带,低速异常区对应于沉积盆地.研究区中东段中地壳和下地壳存在较大范围低速区,与两侧准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地上地壳和中地壳低速区相连,且准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地下地壳及上地幔顶部双向均向新疆天山中段下方倾斜.结合前人诸多研究成果推测,在南北向构造挤压作用下,塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地双向向天山造山带壳幔岩石圈发生"层间插入与俯冲削减".重定位后地震分布显示,地震震源深度优势范围为0~25 km,主要沿断裂带、盆山结合部以及不同块体接触部位分布,且与壳内低速体有较好的相关性.这些结果可能为研究新疆天山中段地壳和上地幔顶部速度结构和动力学过程提供参考依据.

新疆天山东部森林地表可燃物的热值研究

森林地表可燃物是林火传播的重要因素之一,而热值又是表征可燃物燃烧性的重要指标。以新疆天山东部4种典型植被类型下地表可燃物为研究对象,分析地表可燃物热值特征及其与燃点、绝对含水率之间的关系。结果表明:针叶林和阔叶林中,草本与凋落物组分之间差异显著,灌木林中,灌木与凋落物组分之间差异显著;天山东部林区同一林型不同组分热值大小顺序为:凋落物>草本>灌木>腐殖质;草本可燃物组分中针叶林的热值最高(19.38±0.08 kJ·g^(-1)),凋落物可燃物组分中同样是针叶林的热值最高(19.55±0.05 kJ·g^(-1));不同组分地表可燃物热值与燃点间的关系存在差异:灌木可燃物组分燃点与热值存在极显著关系(R2=0.81,P<0.01),凋落物可燃物组分燃点与热值存在显著相关性(R2=0.38,P<0.05),然而草本和腐殖质可燃物组分燃点与热值间无显著相关(P>0.05);另外,所有林型的地表可燃物热值与绝对含水率之间均无显著相关关系。可见,林型、树种以及理化性质等条件综合影响着可燃物的热值含量。研究结果旨在为天山东部森林管理人员准确预测林内可燃物热值能量和潜在森林火险提供理论依据,为区域地表可燃物深入研究提供数据支撑。

中天山北坡冬季降雪变化及其影响因子分析

利用中天山北坡17个国家级气象站1978—2020年冬季逐日降水、气温要素等观测资料,采用多种统计方法,分析冬季降雪时空变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,结果表明:降雪日数和降雪量区域分布相似,均呈“城区多,山区少”分布特征;小雪日减少是导致总雪日减小的直接原因,中雪和暴雪显著增多是造成总降雪量增多的主要原因;持续1 d降水过程是冬季主要降雪过程,随着持续时间的增长,降水过程显著减少,≥5 d降水过程仅占2.8%;近43 a中天山北坡气候呈现较明显的暖湿化趋势,1987年、1994年分别发生降雪量由少变多和平均气温由低变高的突变;降雪量与年降水量、冬季平均最低气温、降雪日数呈显著正相关,年降水量越大、冬季最低气温越低、出现降雪日数越多,冬季降雪量就越大,反之越小。