Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.

Study on Body Form and Garment Size Series of the Middle Age and Aged People

This paper was designed to analyze on the data, which was obtained from 'National Physique Fitness Investigation Report (2000)'. In order to get the typical body form and figure type of the middle age and aged people, it was focused on the body form data of this group (age 40 - 60). After calculation and analyzing, the distinguishing feature of body form and the distribution of figure type were deduced. Finally, the re-classification of body form for Chinese middle age and aged people was suggested. It as also suggested that a new garment size series especially for the middle age and aged should be built to fit for these people. This conclusion would be useful and significant to design and production for clothing company, especially that who take the aged people as their target consumer.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Influencing factors analysis of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis among middle aged and old aged pople in Xi'an

Objective:To explore the prevalence rate of knee joint osteoarthritis and its pathogenetic fea- tures among the middle-aged and old aged people in the urban and rural area of Xi'an.Methods:From May to October 2005,1538 Han nationality above 40 years in Xi'an were investigated according to strati- fied and cluster random sampling.The same questionnaire was delivered to subjects who had been given normotopia and lateral position radiographic examination in both knees.Excluded from etiological arthri- tis,some subjects with clinical symptoms and a radiographic grade (beyond Kellgren & Lawrence gradeⅡ) were finally diagnosed as spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis.All analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 and t test,U test.Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze dates.Results:The total prevalence of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis was 12.1% with 2.5% and 2.1% for right and left knees,respectively.The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis in wom- en was 2.5 times of that in men (17.2% vs 6.8%,P=0.000).the osteophyte prevalence in women was 2.3 times of that in men (26.5% vs 11.4%,P=0.000).The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis and osteophyte increased with the growth of age.So did the symptomatic knee,except for the age group of 56- 60 years and 66-70 years.The prevalence of symptomatic knee joint for urban area was significantly higher than that for rural area (56.3% vs 45.3%,P=0.003).In women,the prevalence of knee joint os- teoarthritis increased significantly with the increasing of body mass index,which had not been observed in men.Female and obesity are the risk factors for osteoarthritis,but bean and its products and meat could prevent the osteoarthritis.Conclusion:Old age,female and obesity serve as risk factors for knee joint os- teoarthritis.

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Old-age Care Services in Russia

Through the analysis of the history and current situation of Russia＇s old-age care services system, this paper analyzes and studies the old-age care services system in Russia. By means of law and social policy, Russia can promote the active participation of the elderly in politics, economy, culture and other activities to promote the positive image of the elderly. The active aging policy in Russia and the development trend of the old-age care service to promote the social adaptation and re-employment of the elderly are of positive significance to the development of our country＇s old-age care service.

中青年与老年类风湿关节炎临床特点对比研究

评估分析老年、中青年类风湿关节炎患者的临床特点。采取回顾性分析的方式,将2022年6月—2023年6月期间滨州医学院附属医院住院部收治的100例类风湿关节炎患者作为研究对象,按照年龄将其划分为老年类风湿关节炎组以及中青年类风湿关节炎组,对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果显示,老年类风湿关节炎组患者起病关节为掌指+近指关节构成比显著低于中青年组(P<0.05);WBC、CRP、IL-6、TC检出值均显著高于中青年组(P<0.05);合并高血压、CHD、骨关节炎、骨质疏松构成比均显著高于中青年组(P<0.05);泼尼松使用率、雷公藤使用率、生物制剂使用率与中青年组对比差异显著(P<0.05)。研究发现,对于老年类风湿关节炎患者,其临床症状不典型,早期诊断存在一定难度,且合并症多,对患者生活质量的不良影响较为严重,临床需要积极区分中青年类风湿关节炎与老年类风湿关节炎,选择对应药物,提高使用率,以实现对类风湿关节炎的积极治疗。

Delirium,insulin-like growth factor I,growth hormone in older inpatients

BACKGROUND Delirium is a common disorder in elderly medical inpatients with serious adverse outcomes and is characterized by sudden onset,disturbance in attention,awareness,consciousness and cognition,and often with behavioural disturbances.Central to understanding delirium,is understanding mechanisms by which body and brain wellbeing are linked and in particular how brain responses to bodily homeostatic stress is mediated.A number of studies have investigated the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I)and delirium in medically ill hospitalised patients with conflicting results.However,none have investigated growth hormone(GH)which is related to IGF-I via negative feedback.AIM To investigate the relationship between serum levels of IGF-I and GH,and the occurrence of delirium.METHODS Prospective,longitudinal,observational study.Consecutive elderly inpatients(aged 70+),were assessed twice weekly with Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),Confusion assessment method(CAM),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.Delirium was defined using CAM.Previous history of dementia was evaluated with the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly.IGF-I and GH levels were estimated with the ELISA method.Generalized estimating equations(GEE)model was applied for the first five assessments to analyze those longitudinal data.RESULTS The sample consisted of 198 participants(mean age 80.63±6.81;range 70-97).Of these 92(46.5%)were females.Eighty six(43.4%)were identified with a history of dementia.Incident or prevalent delirium during hospitalisation was identified with CAM in 40 participants(20.2%).Evaluation of missing values with Little's MCAR test indicated that they were missing completely at random(MCARχ2=12.24,u:9,P=0.20).Using GEE for the analysis we found that low MoCA scores,low levels of IGF-I and high levels of GH were significantly associated with any delirium(prevalence,incident,or fluctuating,during the study period(Waldχ2=12.231;u:1,P<0.001,Waldχ2=7.196,u:1,P=0.007,Waldχ2=6.210;:u:1,P=0.013 respectively).CONCLUSION The results show that low levels of IGF-I,high levels of GH and low scores in cognition are independently associated with the occurrence of any delirium during the hospitalisation of medically ill older people.The results of the study supports the hypothesis that deficits in the immunoreactivity of the brain(low cerebral reserve)may be associated with delirium.

Relationship among Health Related Quality of Life, Quality of Sleep, and Oral Health Condition

Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.

隔代照料育儿模式下中老年抑郁发生状况及影响因素

目的:调查隔代照料育儿模式下中老年抑郁发生状况及影响因素。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,于2020年7月~2020年9月选取都匀市人口相对集中的5个社区,对符合纳入标准的236名中老年人应用老年抑郁量表(GDS)、自制人口统计学变量进行问卷调查。结果:隔代照料育儿模式下中老年抑郁的平均得分为(9.31±4.61)分,阳性症状人数为69例(29.24%),影响因素分析表明,性别、民族、文化程度、近期与子女关系、与子女同住情况、配偶情况、异地照料情况、休闲娱乐情况对抑郁症状阳性检出率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic逐步回归分析发现,除家庭经济月收入、慢性病情况外,其余各影响因素均为中老年人抑郁症状的主要影响因素。结论:隔代照料育儿模式下的中老年人易发生抑郁,情绪状态易受生活环境影响,建议子女多给予关心和体贴,提高身心健康水平。

青年和中老年原发性高血压病伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的临床特点研究

目的探讨青年与中老年原发性高血压病伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2011年1月—2013年7月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院高血压科确诊的原发性高血压病伴OSAHS患者353例的临床资料,按年龄分为青年组(136例)和中老年组(217例),分析青年组和中老年组的临床一般资料、睡眠呼吸监测指标、24 h动态血压、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统活性的差异。结果 (1)青年组与中老年组的性别、饮酒率、空腹血糖(FBG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白α〔LP(α)〕间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);青年组吸烟率、体质指数(BMI)高于中老年组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于中老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)中老年组的睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)、血氧饱和度<85%时间(TS<85%)高于青年组,平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)低于青年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)青年组24 h平均收缩压(24 hSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 hDBP)高于中老年组,而中老年组高血压病程长于青年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);青年组与中老年组的24 h平均脉压差(24 hPP)间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)青年组的血管紧张素A1(卧、立位)、血管紧张素A2(卧、立位)高于中老年组,醛固酮(卧位)低于中老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);青年组与中老年组的立位醛固酮间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在青年和中老年原发性高血压病伴OSAHS患者的防治过程中,青年患者应侧重于戒烟、减重、降低血管紧张素活性、加强降压力度;中老年患者则应侧重于降低醛固酮活性、采用无创气道正压通气治疗改善病情。

长期木兰拳练习对中老年人平衡调节的影响

应用PJ-1型电脑平衡功能检测仪,研究长期木兰拳练习对中老年人平衡能力的影响。结果发现,木兰拳练习组在反映平衡功能的指标,包括包络面积(Area)、左右方向动摇最大距离(Dx)、前后方向动摇最大距离(Dy)、重心移动轨迹总长(L)、左右重心动摇轨迹总长(Lx)、前后重心动摇轨迹总长Ly、能耗(Eng)和动摇角度(Deg)方面明显优于对照组,说明长期木兰拳练习可以显著改善中老年人的平衡能力。

辽宁省50岁以上人群艾滋病疫情特点及流行因素分析

目的分析辽宁省≥50岁人群艾滋病疫情及流行特征，为针对性地开展该人群的艾滋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集辽宁省1993—2014年≥50岁人群艾滋病疫情报告资料，对病例分布特点、传播途径构成及样本来源等进行分析。结果1993—2014年辽宁省共报告≥50岁HIV／AIDS1502例，占全省总报告病例16．44％。沈阳、大连、鞍山报告数最多。以男性为主，男女性别比6．02：1；年龄以50～64岁为主，占76．76％；婚姻状况以离异或丧偶为主，占49．13％；初中以下文化程度占64．18％；样本主要来源于医疗机构检测，占70．11％；91．74％的病例纽性传播感染。结论辽宁省≥50岁人群艾滋病疫情发展迅速，应针对中老年人心理及生理特点，采取有针对性地防控措施，降低中老年人群艾滋病感染风险。

新疆石河子地区汉族中老年人骨质疏松患病率调查

原发性骨质疏松症严重危害着中老年人的身体健康 ,发病率较高。为了解我区发病情况 ,本文采用单光子骨矿测定仪对本地区 5 84名汉族中老年人行骨矿含量测定。结果显示 :男女性 40岁以后骨密度 (BMD)随年龄增长而逐年下降 ,骨量与年龄呈负相关。以峰值骨量减少 2 0SD为骨质疏松的诊断标准 ,5 0～ 5 9年龄段男性患病率为 5 7% ,女性为 33 3% ;6 0～ 6 9年龄段男性患病率为 2 5 % ,女性达 78 9%。两性间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;女性发病率为男性 2 73倍。研究表明 :本地区中老年男女性随年龄增长骨矿丢失明显加速 ,骨质疏松患病率随之增加 ,女性发病率明显高于男性。

8种执行功能测验在上海社区老年人中的应用

目的通过一组常用执行功能（EF）测验在上海社区老人中的应用调查，制定划界分，建立可操作的EF障碍为主的疾病的筛选标准。方法正常中老年人来源于上海市社区，年龄≥55岁、≤79岁、教育程度在初中及初中以上、没有严重的脑部和躯体疾病、检查配合良好、简明精神状态量表〉24分。符合要求的被试共339名，要求完成一组执行功能测验，包括连线测验A和B、加减交替测验、迷宫测验、Stroop色词测验、语义相似性测验、谚语理解测验、California卡片分类测验中文修订版和视觉推理测验。结果1．EF测验与年龄、教育程度的相关性：主要与年龄相关的测验指标是：连线测验和Stroop色词测验-C耗时数（r=0．312）；主要与教育程度相关的测验指标是：加减交替测验（r=-0．251）、迷宫测验（r=-0．329）、语义相似性测验、谚语理解测验和卡片分类测验总正确数；与年龄和教育程度均有较强相关性的测验是：连线测验B错误数、视觉推理测验总分。2．制定了主要测验指标的划界分。结论EF成套量表的编制及其划界分制定将有助于执行功能障碍性疾病的诊断和研究。

儿童、中青年及老年人心理旋转能力的比较研究

采用 12套不同视觉形状图形 ,探讨了儿童 (7— 9岁 ,均龄 8岁 )、中青年 (2 3— 47岁 ,均龄 31.3岁 )及老年人 (6 1— 79岁 ,均龄 6 5 .6岁 )的心理旋转能力。结果表明不同年龄段被试的心理旋转能力存在明显差异。无论是对图形方位匹配判断的准确性还是完成判断任务的速度 ,中青年组被试的成绩均明显优于其他两组被试。儿童组被试在完成判断的速度上明显优于老年组 ,但在准确性方面两者不存在明显差异。各个年龄组的成绩均不存在性别差异。

中老年人高脂血症的调查与分析

对269名中老年人的血脂、心电图检测结果表明,40～49岁男性的胆固醇、甘油三酯的检出率明显高于其他年龄组,他们是高脂血症的易患人群;中老年人中,高胆固醇血症、高血糖、心电图异常的检出率,近年来有明显升高的趋势。积极进行体育锻炼,合理的饮食与良好的生活习惯,是预防高脂血症的有效措施。

不同锻炼方式对中老年心脏功能影响的实验研究

运用二次台阶实验方法,对参加12周不同项目锻炼方式的529名中老年人心功能能力进行测试。研究表明,传统体育和慢跑快走锻炼方式对提高中、老年男子和中年女子的心功能能力效果显著。同时球类项目锻炼方式,不仅对提高中年男子心功能能力有显著效果,同样也对提高老年人的心功能能力有非常显著的效果。有氧体操锻炼方式对中、老年女子心功能能力的提高均有显著效果。

湖北省部分地区中老年人睡眠质量及影响因素分析

目的:了解湖北省部分地区中老年人睡眠质量及影响因素,确定可以进行健康干预的重点环节。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取湖北省12县(市)、区2 928位年龄≥35岁的居民进行调查。结果:实际调查2 811人,回收有效调查问卷2 710份,应答率为96.4%。人群睡眠时间<6 h的比例为24.0%,6-8 h为46.6%,>8 h为29.4%。人群中有55.4%的人午睡。公务员睡眠状况最好。57.9%的人经常出现入睡困难。<6 h睡眠时间人群中72.5%有入睡困难,>8 h睡眠时间人群中47.5%有入睡困难。女性、睡眠时间<6 h、体力活动为睡眠质量差的相关影响因素。结论:被调查地区人群睡眠状况不容乐观,应在人群中开展睡眠保健知识的宣传,指导人群养成好的睡眠习惯,从而提高人群睡眠质量。

兰州地区1100例中老年人体检心电图分析

目的分析中老年人群体检者中心电图异常发生情况。方法 1100例中老年体检者在安静状态下平卧,采用日本光电十二导心电图记录仪,采集心电图。结果 1100例中老年人群中正常心电图632例(57.45%),大致正常心电图220例(20.00%);异常心电图248例(22.54%),其中心律失常62例(5.63%),ST-T改变89例(8.09%),传导阻滞87例(7.63%),心室肥厚10例(0.90%)。传导阻滞主要发生于≥66岁组,以66～70岁组为最高;ST-T改变中≥66岁各组发生率基本相同。结论中老年干部人群中,异常心电图的发生率较高,并以传导阻滞和ST-T改变为主要类型,提示应加强对中老年人群中心血管疾病的预防。

呼和浩特地区500对中老年夫妇腰椎骨量的比较

目的 探讨呼和浩特地区中老年人骨质疏松的患病情况,为呼和浩特地区老年病的防治和老年人群的骨保健提供资料.方法 采用美国GE公司生产的LUNAR-Bravo双能X线骨密度仪对呼和浩特地区500对汉族中老年夫妇进行骨密度测定.结果 从45岁以后开始男性和女性随着年龄的增长,BMD值和T值逐渐降低,女性降低幅度明显高于男性（P〈0.05）.女性在55岁以后可见明显的骨量丢失加速,男性是缓慢的.女性的患病率明显高于男性（P〈0.05）.骨密度测定结果与年龄的相关性分析显示,BMD值和T值与年龄呈显著的负相关（P〈0.05）,女性相关性更强.结论 呼和浩特地区汉族中老年人群随着年龄的增长,骨密度逐渐降低,骨质疏松患病率明显增加,女性更为明显,但比广州、上海、长沙、成都等地区报道骨质疏松发生的年龄推迟,这与呼和浩特地区特殊的地理环境和饮食习惯、饮食营养呈正相关.