Geochemical characteristics of noble gases in natural gas and their application in tracing natural gas migration in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China

Noble gases in natural gas, from Xiaoquan, Xinchang, Hexingchang and Fenggu gas reservoirs in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China, were analysed. Results show that the volume content of crustal noble gases accounts for 97.9% to 99.7% of the total noble gas content, indicating that the noble gases in the study area are very largely derived from the crust. Moreover, the 40Ar time-accumulating effect of source rocks is used to determine the complex relationship between gases and source rocks in this area, and the results agree well with that from analysis of source rock light hydrocarbons. Due to the short migration distance, the separation of 4He and 40Ar is not significant in Xujiahe natural gas and Lower and Middle Jurassic natural gas, so it is difficult to trace natural gas migration. However, this separation characteristic of 4He and 40Ar in Middle and Upper Jurassic natural gas is significant, which indicates that natural gas migration was from the Middle Jurassic to Upper Jurassic formations. In addition, the variation trends of 3He/4He ratio and δ13C1 value indicates that natural gas migration is from the Xujiahe formation to the Jurassic layer in the study area.

Characteristics and Natural Gas Origin of Middle-Late Triassic Marine Source Rocks of the Western Sichuan Depression, SW China

A scientific exploration well(CK1) was drilled to expand the oil/gas production in the western Sichuan depression, SW, China. Seventy-three core samples and four natural gas samples from the Middle–Late Triassic strata were analyzed to determine the paleo-depositional setting and the abundance of organic matter(OM) and to evaluate the hydrocarbon-generation process and potential. This information was then used to identify the origin of the natural gas. The OM is characterized by medium n-alkanes(n C15–n C19), low pristane/phytane and terrigenous aquatic ratios(TAR), a carbon preference index(CPI) of ~1, regular steranes with C29 > C27 > C28, gammacerane/C30 hopane ratios of 0.15–0.32, and δDorg of-132‰ to-58‰, suggesting a marine algal/phytoplankton source with terrestrial input deposited in a reducing–transitional saline/marine sedimentary environment. Based on the TOC, HI index, and chloroform bitumen "A" the algalrich dolomites of the Leikoupo Formation are fair–good source rocks;the grey limestones of the Maantang Formation are fair source rocks;and the shales of the Xiaotangzi Formation are moderately good source rocks. In addition, maceral and carbon isotopes indicate that the kerogen of the Leikoupo and Maantang formations is type Ⅱ and that of the Xiaotangzi Formation is type Ⅱ–Ⅲ. The maturity parameters and the hopane and sterane isomerization suggest that the OM was advanced mature and produced wet–dry gases. One-dimensional modeling of the thermal-burial history suggests that hydrocarbon-generation occurred at 220–60 Ma. The gas components and C–H–He–Ar–Ne isotopes indicate that the oilassociated gases were generated in the Leikoupo and Maantang formations, and then, they mixed with gases from the Xiaotangzi Formation, which were probably contributed by the underlying Permian marine source rocks. Therefore, the deeply-buried Middle–Late Triassic marine source rocks in the western Sichuan depression and in similar basins have a great significant hydrocarbon potential.

Genesis of the low-permeability reservoir bed of upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field,western Sichuan Depression

The genesis of a reservoir is a result of the combined action of deposition, diagenesis, tectonic reworking, and interaction of rock and fluid and the evolutionary environment. We discuss the genetic and evolution mechanism of a low-permeability reservoir bed of the Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan Depression on the basis of the study of diagenesis, diagenetic reservoir facies and the diagenetic evolution sequence. The research indicated that this reservoir bed can be divided into five types of diagenetic reservoir facies, namely strong dissolution, chlorite-lined intergranular pores, compaction and pressure solution, carbonate cementation and secondary quartz increase. There are, however, just two diagenetic reservoir facies which provide low-permeability reservoir beds, namely strong dissolution and chlorite-lined intergranular pores. We also analyzed their diagenetic evolution sequences and the origin of the low-permeability reservoir bed. Besides, it was also indicated that the composition and structure of sandstones, types of sedimentary microfacies, diagenesis history as well as the tectonic reworking in later periods are the main factors controlling the formation of the low-permeability reservoir bed. The above- mentioned factors establish the foundation for the forecasting the distribution of high quality reservoir beds.

The Relationship between Fractures and Tectonic Stress Field in the Extra Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoir at the South of Western Sichuan Depression

The formation and distribution of fractures are controlled by paleotectonic stress field, and their preservative status and effects on development are dominated by the modern stress field. Since Triassic, it has experienced four tectonic movements and developed four sets of tectonic fractures in the extra low-permeability sandstone reservoir at the south of western Sichuan depression. The strikes of fractures are in the S-N, NE-SW, E-W, and NW-SE directions respectively. At the end of Triassic, under the horizontal compression tectonic stress field, for which the maximum principal stress direction was NW.SE, the fractures were well developed near the S-N faults and at the end of NE-SW faults, because of their stress concentration. At the end of Cretaceous, in the horizontal compression stress fields of the NE-SW direction, the stress was obviously lower near the NE-SW faults, thus, fractures mainly developed near the S-N faults. At the end of Neogene-Early Pleistocene, under the horizontal compression tectonic stress fields of E-W direction, stress concentrated near the NE-SW faults and fractures developed at these places, especially at the end of the NE-SE faults, the cross positions of NE-SW, and S-N faults. Therefore, fractures developed mostly near S-N faults and NE-SW faults. At the cross positions of the above two sets of faults, the degree of development of the fractures was the highest. Under the modern stress field of the NW-SE direction, the NW-SE fractures were mainly the seepage ones with tensional state, the best connectivity, the widest aperture, the highest permeability, and the minimum opening pressure.

Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion of the Upper Triassic T3x5Source Rocks in the Western Sichuan Depression: Assessment for Unconventional Natural Gas

Tight-sand gas in the Jurassic and shale gas within the fifth member of Xujiahe Formation （T3xs） in the Western Sichuan Basin （WSD） are currently regarded as the most prolific emerging unconventional gas plays in China. This study conducted a conventional evaluation of T3x5 source rocks in the WSD, and investigated their hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics, including intensity, efficiency and amount. The results show that, the T3x5 source rocks are thick （generally 〉200 m）, and have a high total organic content （TOC）, ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 wt%. It is thus indivative of a great hydrocarbon generation potential when they underwent high thermal evolution （Ro〉1.2%） in the area. In addition, an improved method of hydrocarbon generation potential is applied, indicating that the source rocks reached a hydrocarbon expulsion threshold with vitrinite reflectance （Ro） reaching 1.06%. and that the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is about 60%. The amount of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from Tax5 source rocks is 3.14x10^10 t and 1.86x10^10 t, respectively, with a residual amount of 1.28x10^10t within them. Continuous-type tight-sand gas is predicted to have developed in the Jurassic in the Chengdu Sag of the WSD because of the good source-reservoir configuration; the Jurassic sandstone reservoirs are tight, and the gas expelled from the T3xs source rocks migrates for very short distances vertically and horizontally. The amount of gas accumulation in the Jurassic reservoirs derived from T3x5 source rocks is up to 9.3x10s t. Geological resources of shale gas are up to 1.05x10TM t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by the volumetric method and those obtained by hydrocarbon generation potential method may be due to other gas accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with gas shales.

Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Pore Structure on Resistivity, Formation Factor and Cementation Index in Tight Sandstone

Tight sandstone,with severe diagenesis and complex pore structure,differs greatly from conventional sandstone in terms of rock electrical parameters.In subsurface rock electrical experiments,various electrical parameters are confounded and can only be analyzed qualitatively.The lack of quantitative analysis for each individual electrical parameter presents a challenge for the evaluation of oil and gas saturation in tight sandstone.Based on the 2D pore-throat model and the features of pore structure in the tight sandstone of the Penglaizhen and Shaximiao Formations in the upper and middle Jurassic of the Western Sichuan Depression,this paper presents 3D micro pore-throat models for three types of tight sandstone.It proposes a finite element-based rock electrical simulation method to analyze the influence of pore structure parameters,such as throat radius and throat tortuosity,on electrical parameters such as resistivity,formation factor,and cementation index quantitatively.The research revealed the following results:(1)Throats of tight sandstone usually have lamellar or curved lamellar shapes that are slender and narrow.The lamellar throat used in the proposed porethroat model is more consistent with the features of tight sandstone than the tubular throat used in the original model.(2)The throat determines the conductivity of tight sandstone.The throat parallel to the electric potential has the greatest influence on conductivity,and the throat perpendicular to the potential has the least influence.(3)In tight sandstone grades I to III,as the porosity decreases,the formation factor increases and the cementation index decreases.(4)The results of the rock electrical simulation are consistent with the results of the rock electrical experiment,which indicates that the proposed rock electrical simulation method of tight sandstone is effective and accurate.

四川盆地川西坳陷东坡地区下侏罗统大安寨段储层裂缝分布预测

四川盆地川西坳陷东坡地区下侏罗统大安寨段是致密油气的主要开发目的层,裂缝是大安寨段储层能否获得高产的关键因素。由于大安寨段地层岩性复杂,传统裂缝预测评价方法适用范围窄、预测结果精度低。基于岩心裂缝调查及薄片鉴定资料,运用地质统计学及数值模拟方法,明确了不同岩性储层的岩石学特征,揭示了大安寨段裂缝发育特征;结合岩石破裂基础和破裂外力二大因素,在区分岩性及亚段的条件下,提出并构建了3项裂缝评价因子,对各亚段裂缝平面分布进行预测评价。研究表明:(1)大安寨段储层为(介壳)灰岩、砂岩及泥页岩相互叠置的复杂岩性;(2)主要发育全充填裂缝,(介壳)灰岩主要发育构造裂缝,砂岩和泥页岩主要发育层间缝,缝面存在溶蚀现象,对油气流动具有积极意义;(3)提出并构建了岩性厚度评价因子、构造变形强度因子和断裂破裂强度因子3项裂缝评价因子,并建立裂缝综合预测评价定量模型,对各亚段裂缝平面分布进行综合预测评价,预测的裂缝密度与单井识别的裂缝发育指数吻合性较好,预测结果可靠。该裂缝平面分布预测评价方法对于同类型油气藏的评价具有借鉴意义。

致密砂岩气藏高产富集规律研究——以川西坳陷新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏为例

四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组致密砂岩气藏储量巨大,具有砂体厚、物性差、非均质性强、气水分布复杂等特点,给气藏的开发评价及建产选区带来极大难度。为实现气藏高效评价开发,以新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏为研究对象,基于气藏静、动态特征,深度分析了典型井的古、今构造位置,断层特征,裂缝和储层品质等对产能的影响,明确气井高产的主要控制因素。通过分析各控制因素的综合作用,结合成藏研究成果,探讨天然气富集高产规律,结果表明新场—合兴场须家河组二段气藏气井可分为高产高效、中产中效、低产低效3种类型。高产高效和中产中效气井产量高、稳产好,主要分布在北南向四级烃源断层和五级断层附近,裂缝发育、优质储层厚度大,具有良好的地质条件。明确了气藏富集高产遵循古、今构造控藏,烃源断层控富,有效裂缝控产,优质储层控稳的规律,为该气藏的高效开发奠定了基础。

川西新场地区须二段致密砂岩气藏气水分布特征及主控因素

致密砂岩气藏气水关系复杂,为了阐明川西新场地区须二段气水分布主控因素,以试产数据、压汞曲线、岩石薄片分析为手段,探讨了地层水宏观特征,明确了新场地区须二段气水分布主控因素。结果表明:新场地区须二段储层较致密,孔喉连通性差,致密化储层使气水分布复杂,须二段气藏总体呈上气下水特征,但气水倒置现象较多;研究区气水分布受控于构造演化、砂泥岩相配置关系、河道间叠置方式及单砂体内部成岩差异,多期构造演化过程控制了气水分布的宏观尺度格局,不同类型的河道叠置及砂泥配置关系影响砂体尺度的气水分布,厚层-薄层垂向分离型叠置关系及砂泥互层型配置关系有利于形成气层,单砂体内部成岩差异影响单砂体内部尺度气水分布。对研究区气水分布主控因素的研究结果,可有效指导新场地区须二段气藏的勘探开发。

多级界面约束下构型对储层非均质性控制作用——以川西沙溪庙组曲流河为例

【目的】川西坳陷侏罗系沙溪庙组油气资源潜力大,单砂体内部结构制约了优质储层预测,进而影响了该区天然气富集规律评价。研究区内河道砂体构型界面级次、构型单元及其组合尚不明确,不同级次构型界面约束下的构型单元及其组合如何控制储层非均质性尚缺乏相关认识。【方法】基于野外露头、岩心、测井以及分析测试等资料,在沉积相研究基础上,详细开展了川西沙溪庙组曲流河砂体构型类型及特征研究,探讨了多级界面约束下构型对储层非均质性控制作用。【结果与结论】研究区构型单元划分为边滩构型单元(H_(PB))、河道充填沉积构型单元(H_(CH))、决口扇构型单元(M_(CS))、天然堤构型单元(M_(CL))、废弃河道构型单元(M_(CA))和洪泛平原构型单元(M_(FM))6类,基于构型单元垂向叠置样式,结合垂向序列沉积特征,将构型单元组合划分为均一型组合(Type Ⅰ)、均一+复合型组合(Type Ⅱ)、复合型组合(Type Ⅲ)3大类。研究区中江—回龙地区整体Type I型组合相对最发育,且沙三段整体上Type Ⅰ型组合和Type Ⅱ型组合相对最发育,其储层非均质性相对较弱。基于上述砂体构型类型及特征研究、不同级次构型界面控制下的储层非均质性特征分析以及不同级次构型界面下构型对储层非均质性控制因素探讨,总结了3~5级界面约束下构型对储层非均质性的控制模式。其中5级构型界面控制下的储层平面非均质性受控于基准面上升和构造沉降;4级构型界面控制下的储层层间非均质性受控于地形坡度和侵蚀作用;3级构型界面控制下的储层层内非均质性受控于水动力条件、河道弯度、河道迁移程度、沉积载荷、流量及成岩作用。

川西孝泉—丰谷地区须二段深层致密砂岩储层地应力大小评价方法及其工程应用

[研究目的]川西坳陷孝泉—丰谷地区须二段砂岩气藏的勘探开发潜力巨大,但该地区埋藏较深且构造复杂、断缝系统多期叠加,使得地应力频繁变化,制约了该区井位轨迹设计与压裂改造的有效实施,故需对该区地应力大小进行精细评价,为工程开发提供建议从而提高产能。[研究方法]基于岩石力学、声发射实验及差应变分析等实验测试方法,并结合常规测井、特殊测井及水力压裂等资料分析,优选了适应于深层块状均质致密砂岩储层的地应力大小实验测试方法,并在单点地应力大小准确评价的基础之上,构建了研究区分构造变形单元分层的单井地应力大小连续测井解释模型,查明了纵向上地应力大小变化结构类型及分布规律。[研究结果]研究表明差应变分析法计算的地应力大小精确度最高,为更能够准确表征深层均质块状致密砂岩地应力大小的实验方法。测试结果显示须二段属于Ⅲ类地应力类型,处于走滑应力状态,存在部分逆冲挤压应力状态;在井点测试的基础上,形成了基于井壁影像反演的地应力大小评价技术;地应力大小结构变化在纵向上分为5种类型,其中南北向(SN)三级以上断层和南北向(SN)褶皱或北东东向(NEE)褶皱变形的高部位以低低高(LLH)型和低应力(LC)型为主,在小规模断层或平缓构造区以高低高(HLH)型或高低低(HLL)型为主。[结论]建议选择低低高(LLH)型地应力剖面进行工程开发,其纵向上可穿透更多含气层,同时避开底层底水,预防生产早期快速见水,故应选择二—三级南北向断层和南北或北东向纵弯褶皱区须二2中上段进行水力压裂改造。

多级构型界面下致密砂岩储层构造裂缝发育特征——以川西坳陷须家河组二段为例

裂缝对四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组二段致密砂岩储层天然气的高产稳产至关重要,不同沉积环境下形成的砂体构型界面控制了储层裂缝的发育。通过野外露头勘测、岩心观测、测井识别和岩相精细刻画等方法,提出了川西坳陷须二段砂体构型界面划分方案,识别划分了研究区的2~4级砂体构型界面,厘清了不同级次构型界面约束下裂缝发育的特征及其油气地质意义。不同级次构型界面控制着储层裂缝的产状、开启程度、发育程度和储渗能力;2级、3级界面的有效控制范围分别为0~0.35 m和0~3 m,4级界面控制范围较大(0~11 m)。不同构型界面控制下裂缝发育特征存在差异,其中2级界面下裂缝欠发育,4级界面下裂缝一般发育,3级界面下裂缝最发育,主要为低角度斜缝;裂缝走向主要为NNE—SSW、SEE—NWW和SSE—NNW,开度较大(>0.04 mm)和倾角较大的裂缝较多。多级界面控制下裂缝发育段的岩心孔渗呈明显的正相关,3级界面下裂缝对储层物性的改善作用最强,对油气贡献度最高;4级界面次之,2级界面最弱。明确不同级次构型界面对裂缝发育的控制作用,有利于研究区致密砂岩储层气藏的有效开发。

川西坳陷新场构造带须二段致密砂岩储层特征及综合评价

川西坳陷新场构造带须二段发育厚层含气的致密砂岩储层,开展其储层特征、有利区综合评价和有利层段优选研究,对于深化该区须二段储层地质认识具有重要的指导意义。文中运用岩石薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、成像测井等分析测试方法,明确了新场构造带储层基本特征和天然气成藏机制,并开展了有利区综合评价和有利层段的优选。研究结果表明:川西坳陷新场构造带须二段以岩屑砂岩为主,砂岩具有特低孔、超低渗的特征,局部裂缝较为发育,发育低孔高渗储层;川西坳陷新场构造带油气经历了多幕次的充注而聚集成藏,平面上新场构造带表现为整体含气,近烃源断层区域成藏富集的特征,须二上亚段和下亚段含气性较好;在充分考虑储层含气性的基础上,纵向上单井分析结果SiO_(2)含量高、脆性指数高、破裂压力小的层段为川西坳陷须二段测试有利层段。研究成果为川西坳陷须二段致密砂岩气的规模勘探和测试选层提供地质依据。

四川盆地川西坳陷三叠系盐下超深层油气成藏条件与勘探方向

四川盆地川西坳陷三叠系盐下海相层系埋深普遍超过7000 m,油气勘探程度低,但是油气基本成藏条件优越,具有良好的勘探前景。依据最新的钻探成果和地震资料,系统分析了川西坳陷超深层烃源岩、储层、构造变形样式和油气动态成藏匹配关系,指出了有利勘探方向。研究认为:川西坳陷超深层发育下寒武统筇竹寺组、中二叠统茅口组和上二叠统龙潭组3套区域烃源岩,生烃强度均超过20×10^(8)m^(3)/km^(2),具有形成大、中型油气田的资源潜力。坳陷内发育震旦系灯影组台缘丘滩和二叠系栖霞组、茅口组颗粒滩白云岩储层,受高能相带和多期岩溶作用控制,具有规模性储集体成储基础。山前带推覆体下盘发育盐下准原地背斜构造,山前坳陷带发育高陡断裂和走滑压扭构造,形成了良好的油气圈闭。山前隐伏构造与坳陷内构造-岩性复合圈闭均形成于印支期,与寒武系烃源岩主生烃期及基底断裂活动期具有良好的匹配关系,具备油气早期成藏条件。综合评价认为坳陷内震旦系灯影组台缘带、与基底高陡断裂沟通的二叠系高能相带和山前带推覆体下盘原位构造是下一步勘探有利目标。

Study and application of PS-wave pre-stack migration in HTI media and an anisotropic correction method

Anisotropy correction is necessary during the processing of converted PS- wave seismic data to achieve accurate structural imaging, reservoir prediction, and fracture detection. To effectively eliminate the adverse effects of S-wave splitting and to improve PS- wave imaging quality, we tested methods for pre-stack migration imaging and anisotropic correction of PS-wave data. We based this on the propagation rules of seismic waves in a horizontal transverse isotropy medium, which is a fractured medium model that reflects likely subsurface conditions in the field. We used the radial （R） and transverse （T） components of PS-wave data to separate the fast and slow S-wave components, after which their propagation moveout was effectively extracted. Meanwhile, corrections for the energies and propagation moveouts of the R and T components were implemented using mathematical rotation. The PS-wave imaging quality was distinctly improved, and we demonstrated the reliability of our methods through numerical simulations. Applying our methods to three-dimensional and three-component seismic field data from the Xinchang-Hexingchang region of the Western Sichuan Depression in China, we obtained high-quality seismic imaging with continuous reflection wave groups, distinct structural features, and specific stratigraphic contact relationships. This study provides an effective and reliable approach for data processing that will improve the exploration of complex, hidden lithologic gas reservoirs.

深埋条件下微生物碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化——以四川盆地西部中三叠统雷口坡组为例

四川盆地西部(简称川西)中三叠统雷口坡组白云岩是埋深超过5 000 m的油气勘探目的层之一。通过对10余口钻井以及多条实测露头剖面的研究,采用了包括薄片、铸体片、阴极发光、环境扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、流体包裹体、微区碳-氧同位素、碳酸盐岩△47团簇同位素温度计、方解石U-Pb定年以及FIB-CT等技术方法,探讨了深埋条件下微生物碳酸盐岩成岩流体与孔隙演化的机理。研究表明,研究区存在开放、封闭和半开放等3种早期成岩体系,分别对应于潮湿气候条件下的潮间带-潮下浅水带的藻(灰)云岩中的强大气淡水作用(带),干旱条件下的潮上-潮间带膏盐岩-含藻纹层泥晶云岩的弱大气淡水作用以及早期表生-浅埋藏下的细菌微生物-灰泥相互作用。大规模白云岩化作用,以及埋藏-构造期的去云化作用分别发生于晚三叠世的卡尼阶(226.50 Ma±9.68 Ma)与诺利阶(211.50 Ma±1.50 Ma),地层温度分别为43~54℃和50℃。在白云石(δ^(18)O_(水)=-0.83‰~9.70‰)与方解石(δ^(18)O_(水)=-1.16‰~12.94‰)的胶结过程中,随着胶结物晶体增大,δ^(18)O_(水)总体逐渐降低,指示了温度升高与盐度升降变化。统计结果表明,微生物碳酸盐岩的主要孔隙类型包括格架孔(占比32.38%)、扩溶缝洞(占比43.69%)和微孔隙。微孔隙连通性好,富有机酸的孔隙流体抑止了规模性的胶结作用,导致部分孔隙得以保存。向上变浅的浅水潮下带-潮间带“米氏(级)微生物岩沉积旋回”,以及开放-半开放早期成岩体系是孔隙发育的基础。埋藏成岩流体迭加改造作用导致了储层孔隙度在一定程度上减少。

细粒沉积岩岩相划分类型及其油气勘探意义——以四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组五段为例

为解决四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组五段(以下简称须五段)细粒沉积岩岩性复杂“、甜点”类型难以明确的问题,利用X射线衍射、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、物性、有机碳、元素分析等多种地质资料,结合岩心观察,在分析岩相类型和沉积古环境演化关系的基础上,划分了14种岩相类型,并基于页岩气评价参数对比分析,确定了发育“甜点”的主要岩相类型,为须五段陆相页岩气勘探指明了方向。结果表明:(1)川西坳陷须五段主要发育块状黏土质粉砂岩、块状混合沉积岩,其次为纹层混合沉积岩、纹层黏土质粉砂岩和块状粉砂质黏土岩;(2)须五段沉积环境经历了微咸水—浅水—干热、淡水—水体较深—湿润、微咸水—浅水—干热的演化过程,陆源输入先减少后增加,须五段中部是有机质富集的有利层段;(3)纹层黏土质粉砂岩和纹层混合沉积岩有机质含量较高,储集空间以碎屑颗粒溶孔为主,脆性矿物含量较高,可压裂性较好,是“甜点”发育的有利岩相类型。

四川盆地西部泥盆纪—石炭纪古坳陷存在的新证据及其油气地质意义

德阳—绵阳古生代坳陷是近年来四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探领域的重要发现,但目前对坳陷内是否充填泥盆系—石炭系还存在较大的争议。为此,基于大量野外露头、钻井和地震资料,开展了德阳—绵阳坳陷沉积古地貌分析、岩性—生物地层对比和高分辨率地震精细引层,分析了古坳陷的地层接触关系、厚度变化规律和区域构造背景,恢复了古坳陷的演化过程,讨论了其形成的构造动力学背景,最后结合古坳陷的含油气地质条件分析,探讨了其油气地质意义和勘探价值。研究结果表明:①德阳—绵阳坳陷发育泥盆系—石炭系,其新证据包括:德阳—绵阳坳陷古地貌位置低于上覆泥盆系—石炭系的天井山古隆起,具有接受泥盆系—石炭系的可能;坳陷内二叠系下伏地层顶部具有典型的石炭系岩电特征,并产出晚石炭世䗴类化石;双鱼石地区向德阳—绵阳地区进行泥盆系—石炭系引层,可以识别出上超、削截等终止单元,并明确了古坳陷的边界。②古坳陷形成于加里东期华南板块与冈瓦纳大陆汇聚导致的区域挤压环境,海西期古特提斯洋和勉略洋扩张造成的拉张环境对古坳陷形态影响较小,但导致了四川盆地西部整体向西的加速沉降。③古坳陷位于寒武系优质烃源生烃中心和志留系烃源岩之上,烃源条件好;区内发育台内礁滩规模储层,储层条件好;兼具下二叠统梁山组致密泥岩直接盖层和三叠系膏盐岩间接盖层,盖层条件好,并发育大型地层—岩性圈闭,圈闭条件好。结论认为,德阳—绵阳地区泥盆纪—石炭纪古坳陷的发现进一步展示了该坳陷具有成为四川盆地海相油气勘探新区新领域的巨大潜力。

川西坳陷叠覆型油气区天然气地球化学特征与成因机制

川西坳陷陆相领域气藏分布具有叠合性和广覆性特点,天然气地球化学特征差异明显。基于川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组及侏罗系沙溪庙组、遂宁组、蓬莱镇组1052个天然气样品,研究天然气组分、天然气轻烃和碳同位素组成,明确天然气地球化学特征分布规律,分析气源对比和运移条件,揭示川西坳陷叠覆型油气区复杂天然气藏成因机制。结果表明:川西坳陷叠覆型油气区天然气成分以甲烷为主,质量分数为65.36%~98.47%,甲烷碳同位素(δ13C 1)分布在-39.41‰~-27.10‰之间。由深层上三叠统须家河组二段(须二段)、须家河组四段(须四段)向须家河组五段(须五段),天然气甲烷质量分数降低,甲烷碳同位素减轻;自须五段向中浅层侏罗系天然气甲烷质量分数逐渐升高,甲烷碳同位素逐渐增重。研究区主要为热解成因气,其中深层须四段、须五段和中浅层侏罗系天然气为煤型气,深层须二段天然气是煤型气和油型气的混合类型。中浅层天然气主要来自须五段和须四段,下侏罗统在部分地区有贡献,在马井—什邡地区受断层沟通作用影响,须三段也有一定贡献。须四段和须二段天然气主要来自须三段、马鞍塘组和小塘子组。须五段天然气主要为自源形成。天然气地球化学特征的差异主要受母质来源和母质成熟度差异、同一气源运移过程中分馏效应及天然气藏属性差异等影响。该结果为川西坳陷叠覆型油气区致密砂岩气成藏勘探部署提供指导。

中江气田河道砂岩优质储层特征及主控因素

中江气田沙溪庙组河道砂岩储层物性普遍较差,优质储层是控制油气富集高产的主要因素之一。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射和岩芯物性分析资料对优质储层的特征及其主控因素进行分析。结果表明,优质储层孔隙类型以粒间溶孔和残余粒间孔为主,成岩相主要为绿泥石胶结相和绿泥石胶结溶蚀相。早期衬边状绿泥石胶结和晚期溶蚀作用是优质储层形成的关键,构造破裂作用导致的微裂缝能够提高储层渗流能力,对于优质储层的形成也具有促进作用。主分流河道水动力条件强、颗粒粒度大、泥质含量少且早期绿泥石薄膜更为发育,更有利于优质储层的形成;长石含量高的次分流河道次生溶孔发育,储层物性也较好,因此,优质储层多发育于主分流河道和部分长石含量较高的次分流河道微相。