＂A Perfect Heroine in Foreign Travel.＂ Female Mobile Identities and Southern Italy in the 19th Century Non-feminist Periodical Press

This essay focuses on the interaction between the publication of female travel writing about the South of Italy in non-feminist 19th century British periodicals, and the circulation of a transgressive model of femininity centred on the concepts of mobility, vitality and visibility. The choice of Southern Italy, an anti-tourist destination that since the era of the Grand Tour had been considered dangerous for men, let alone for women, magnifies female heroic attitudes and contaminates female conventional domestic purity enhancing the concept of an unfixed female identity. The publication of a travelogue, a mostly non-fictional genre, on an innovative and reactive medium, was a manifest act of transgression with respect to fixed social order, which gave visibility and credibility to a different model of femininity, an anti-Angel icon. A new form of narration displays adventurous women able to cross the private sphere and to write/publish authentic accounts of their transitional experience in a public, male-dominated sphere.

18世纪末至19世纪中期英国在印度的“文明使命”

在"文明使命"价值观的指引下,英国人在印度扮演的角色,既是征服者和殖民者,又是统治者和开化者。他们在治理与掠夺印度的过程中,摧毁了印度原有的社会与经济结构,推进了印度社会的近代化,用强力手段将古老的印度拉进了以英国为中心的世界资本主义体系。

19世纪末中国近代知识分子群体的初步形成

甲午战败的屈辱掀起了国人学习西方先进文化的热潮,以维新派为代表的新型知识分子,通过倡导新式教育、办报刊、建学会,开启了民智,使一批有着西方先进思想的知识分子逐渐从封建营垒中剥离出来,开始走上近代化道路,并逐步形成了群体,到辛亥革命前夕,已发展成为一支可观的社会力量。

试论近代主流学问观的嬗变

近代中国社会的主流学问观经历了一个由以儒学为核心的传统学问观向以“文理之分”为特征的新型学问观转变的过程。这个过程曲折而艰难,但无疑体现了时代的进步。另一方面,学问观的嬗变也引发了“重理轻文”等新的问题。在总结历史经验的基础上,要树立科学学问观,必须摒弃源于经世致用思想的实用主义价值观和学术研究中的急功近利心态,一方面坚持既重视科学素质的养成,又重视人文精神的塑造;一方面注重科学事业本身的发展和科学传统的培植。