Endoscopic diagnosis and management of gallbladder carcinoma in minimally invasive era:New needs,new models

Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare and lethal malignancy;however,it represents the most common type of biliary tract cancer.Patients with GBC are often diagnosed at an advanced stage,thus,unfortunately,losing the opportunity for curative surgical intervention.This situation leads to lower quality of life and higher mortality rates.In recent years,the rapid development of endoscopic equipment and techniques has provided new avenues and possibilities for the early and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of GBC.This editorial comments on the article by Pavlidis et al.Building upon their work,we explore the new needs and corresponding models for managing GBC from the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment perspective.

Modeling Solid Waste Minimization Performance at Source in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).

A Biogas Production Model from the Combination of Pig Manure and Cow Dung in N’Zérékoré City, Republic of Guine

This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It was carried out in December 2020 in the Physics laboratory of the University of N’Zérékoré. The anaerobic digestion process took 25 days in an almost constant ambient temperature of 25˚C. Five digesters were loaded on 12/06/2020, two of which with 1 kg of pig dung and 1 kg of cow dung both in mono-digestion. The 3 other digesters in co-digestion with different proportions of pig manure and cow dung. The substrate in each digester is diluted in 2 liters of water, with a proportion of (1/2). The main results obtained are: 1) the evolution of the temperature and pH during digestion process, 2) the average biogas productions 0.61 liters for (D1);1.20 liter for (D2);1.65 liter for (D3);1.51 liter for (D4) and 1.31 liter for (D5). The cumulative amounts of biogas are respectively: D1 (7.95 liters), D2 (15.60 liters), D3 (21.50 liters), D4 (19.65 liters) and D5 (17.05 liters). The total cumulative production is 81.75 liters at the end of the process. The originality of this research work is that the proposed model examines the relation between the daily biogas production and the variation of temperature, pH and pressure. The combustibility test showed the biogas produced during the first week was no combustible (contains less than 50% methane). Combustion started from the biogas produced from the 15th day and it is from the 20th day that a significant amount of stable yellow/blue flame was observed. The results of this study show the combination of pig manure and cow dung presents advantages for optimal biogas production.

MINIMAL FOLIATIONS FOR THE HIGH-DIMENSIONAL FRENKEL-KONTOROVA MODEL

For the high-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova(FK)model on lattices,we study the existence of minimal foliations by depinning force.We introduce the tilted gradient flow and define the depinning force as the critical value of the external force under which the average velocity of the system is zero.Then,the depinning force can be used as the criterion for the existence of minimal foliations for the FK model on a Z^(d)lattice for d>1.

Modified MMS: Minimization Approach for Model Subset Selection

Considering the recent developments in the digital environment,ensuring a higher level of security for networking systems is imperative.Many security approaches are being constantly developed to protect against evolving threats.An ensemble model for the intrusion classification system yielded promising results based on the knowledge of many prior studies.This research work aimed to create a more diverse and effective ensemble model.To this end,selected six classification models,Logistic Regression(LR),Naive Bayes(NB),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Decision Tree(DT),Support Vector Machine(SVM),and Random Forest(RF)from existing study to run as independent models.Once the individual models were trained,a Correlation-Based Diversity Matrix(CDM)was created by determining their closeness.The models for the ensemble were chosen by the proposed Modified Minimization Approach for Model Subset Selection(Modified-MMS)from Lower triangular-CDM(L-CDM)as input.The proposed algorithm performance was assessed using the Network Security Laboratory—Knowledge Discovery in Databases(NSL-KDD)dataset,and several performance metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score.By selecting a diverse set of models,the proposed system enhances the performance of an ensemble by reducing overfitting and increasing prediction accuracy.The proposed work achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.26%,using only two classification models in an ensemble,which surpasses the performance of a larger ensemble that employs six classification models.

Synchronization of the minimal models of bursting neurons coupled by delayed chemical or electrical synapses

The minimal two-dimensional model of bursting neuronal dynamics is used to study the influence of time-delay on the properties of synchronization of bursting neurons. Generic properties of bursting and dependence of the stability of synchronization on the time-lag and the strength of coupling are described, and compared with the two common types of synaptical coupling, i.e., time-delayed chemical and electrical synapses.

Solution of Modified Bergman Minimal Blood Glucose-Insulin Model Using Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative

Diabetes is a burning issue in the whole world.It is the imbalance between body glucose and insulin.The study of this imbalance is very much needed from a research point of view.For this reason,Bergman gave an important model named-Bergman minimalmodel.In the present work,using Caputo-Fabrizio(CF)fractional derivative,we generalize Bergman’s minimal blood glucose-insulin model.Further,we modify the old model by including one more component known as diet D(t),which is also essential for the blood glucose model.We solve the modified modelwith the help of Sumudu transformand fixed-point iteration procedures.Also,using the fixed point theorem,we examine the existence and uniqueness of the results along with their numerical and graphical representation.Furthermore,the comparison between the values of parameters obtained by calculating different values of t with experimental data is also studied.Finally,we draw the graphs of G(t),X(t),I(t),andD(t)for different values ofτ.It is also clear from the obtained results and their graphical representation that the obtained results of modified Bergman’s minimal model are better than Bergman’s model.

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is termed a multi-domain(or multi-physics)system.The present paper concerns the use of linear graphs(LGs)to generate a minimal model for a multi-physics system.A state-space model has to be a minimal realization.Specifically,the number of state variables in the model should be the minimum number that can completely represent the dynamic state of the system.This choice is not straightforward.Initially,state variables are assigned to all the energy-storage elements of the system.However,some of the energy storage elements may not be independent,and then some of the chosen state variables will be redundant.An approach is presented in the paper,with illustrative examples in the mixed fluid-mechanical domains,to illustrate a way to recognize dependent energy storage elements and thereby obtain a minimal state-space model.System analysis in the frequency domain is known to be more convenient than in the time domain,mainly because the relevant operations are algebraic rather than differential.For achieving this objective,the state space model has to be converted into a transfer function.The direct way is to first convert the state-space model into the input-output differential equation,and then substitute the time derivative by the Laplace variable.This approach is shown in the paper.The same result can be obtained through the transfer function linear graph(TF LG)of the system.In a multi-physics system,first the physical domains have to be converted into an equivalent single domain(preferably,the output domain of the system),when using the method of TFLG.This procedure is illustrated as well,in the present paper.

微细金属Z-pin对复合材料开孔板压缩性能的影响

通过开孔板压缩试验和建立的参数化多尺度有限元模型,获得微细(φ0.11 mm)金属Z-pin植入体积分数和排布方式对开孔板压缩力学性能和失效行为的影响规律.采用离散实体单元代表Z-pin,选用3D Hashin失效准则判断面内起始损伤,可以有效地模拟结构失效过程中扭结现象的不稳定扩展.结果表明,所有加Z-pin开孔板的压缩强度均低于无Z-pin试样.随着Z-pin植入体积分数的增加,Z-pin与层合板之间的桥联作用增强,加Z-pin开孔层合板压缩强度增加,开孔周围分层损伤区域受到抑制,损伤区域面积最高减小了67%.在相同的体积分数下,Z-pin排布变化对开孔板压缩强度没有显著影响.加Z-pin开孔板有限元模型的模拟结果与试验结果之间的最大相对误差为8.6%.

Discrimination for minimal hepatic encephalopathy based on Bayesian modeling of default mode network

In order to classify the minimal hepatic encephalopathy （MHE） patients from healthy controls, the independent component analysis （ICA） is used to generate the default mode network （DMN） from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. Then a Bayesian voxel- wised method, graphical-model-based multivariate analysis （GAMMA）, is used to explore the associations between abnormal functional integration within DMN and clinical variable. Without any prior knowledge, five machine learning methods, namely, support vector machines （SVMs）, classification and regression trees （ CART ）, logistic regression, the Bayesian network, and C4.5, are applied to the classification. The functional integration patterns were alternative within DMN, which have the power to predict MHE with an accuracy of 98%. The GAMMA method generating functional integration patterns within DMN can become a simple, objective, and common imaging biomarker for detecting MIIE and can serve as a supplement to the existing diagnostic methods.

共享制造环境下基于Z-RIM的QoS多方异质评价方法

为解决共享制造环境下决策信息异质、候选服务数量动态变化的制造服务QoS评价问题,基于平台、服务需求方、服务提供方的三方决策信息,提出一种符合共享制造特点的QoS多方异质制造服务评价方法。通过精确数、语言变量和Z-number处理异质信息;基于共识最大化计算决策方权重向量,利用TrFWAA算子集结多方信息,依据离差最大化模型计算属性权重;在此基础上,采用RIM对各服务进行评估。结合共享制造环境下的制造业服务优选案例对提出的方法进行验证分析,结果表明该方法具有较好的实用性和优越性。

机电系统关键零部件识别的Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法

关键零部件的识别是复杂机电系统设计、制造和运维的基础。为客观准确地辨识关键零部件,提出将Z-选择与消去转换法(ELECTRE)与对抗解释结构模型法(AISM)相结合的多属性决策算法。首先,基于风险管理理论和感知风险理论,从零部件功能、结构、安全和经济属性4个维度,构建关键零部件的评价指标体系;其次,将属性值为语言型Z-数的信息应用于专家权重与各指标权重的计算;最后,融合Z-ELECTRE过程与AISM形成Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法,通过比较两个相互对抗的解释结构模型得到零部件重要程度排序,根据敏感性分析结果确定系统的关键零部件。空调系统关键零部件辨识的应用研究结果表明,Z-ELECTRE-AISM方法较现有方法更具区分度,能够得到更为合理、精确的结论。

Minimization of Electric Power Losses on 132 kV and 220 kV Uganda Electricity Transmission Lines

The classical minimization of power losses in transmission lines is dominated by artificial intelligence techniques, which do not guarantee global optimum amidst local minima. Revolutionary and evolutionary techniques are encumbered with sophisticated transformations, which weaken the techniques. Power loss minimization is crucial to the efficient design and operation of power transmission lines. Minimization of losses is one way to meet steady grid supply, especially at peak demand. Thus, this paper has presented a gradient technique to obtain optimal variables and values from the power loss model, which efficiently minimizes power losses by modifying the traditional power loss model that combines Ohm and Corona losses. Optimality tests showed that the unmodified model does not support the minimization of power losses on transmission lines as the Hessian matrix portrayed the maximization of power losses. However, the modified model is consistent with the gradient method of optimization, which yielded optimum variables and values from the power loss model developed in this study. The unmodified (modified) models for Bujagali-Kawanda 220 kV and Masaka West-Mbarara North 132 kV transmission lines in Uganda showed maximum power losses of 0.406 (0.391) and 0.452 (0.446) kW/km/phase respectively. These results indicate that the modified model is superior to the unmodified model in minimizing power losses in the transmission lines and should be implemented for the efficient design and operation of power transmission lines within and outside Uganda for the same transmission voltages.

Adaptive enhancement design of triply periodic minimal surface lattice structure based on non-uniform stress distribution

The Schwarz primitive triply periodic minimal surface(P-type TPMS)lattice structures are widely used.However,these lattice structures have weak load-bearing capacity compared with other cellular structures.In this paper,an adaptive enhancement design method based on the non-uniform stress distribution in structures with uniform thickness is proposed to design the P-type TPMS lattice structures with higher mechanical properties.Two types of structures are designed by adjusting the adaptive thickness distribution in the TPMS.One keeps the same relative density,and the other keeps the same of non-enhanced region thickness.Compared with the uniform lattice structure,the elastic modulus for the structure with the same relative density increases by more than 17%,and the yield strength increases by more than 10.2%.Three kinds of TPMS lattice structures are fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)with 316L stainless steel to verify the proposed enhanced design.The manufacture-induced geometric deviation between the as-design and as-printed models is measured by micro X-ray computed tomography(μ-CT)scans.The quasi-static compression experimental results of P-type TPMS lattice structures show that the reinforced structures have stronger elastic moduli,ultimate strengths,and energy absorption capabilities than the homogeneous P-TPMS lattice structure.

以Z世代流行为中心的城市漫游路径感知评价研究——以福州市为例

Z世代青年作为当前和未来城市旅游重要参与者,其旅游特征不同于其他年龄群体,强调个性化、定制化旅游体验,以探索并深入体验当地文化和生活方式。现阶段城市漫游式旅行反映了青年对快节奏社会的适应与对旅行自主性追求的方式之一。通过IPA-Kano模型分析,以Z世代旅行者为视角探索其城市漫游路径感知偏好,以福州城区烟台山、上下杭与三坊七巷为研究案例地,通过问卷调研统计分析和双变量分析研究Z世代青年在城市漫游路径中的特定需求以及亟待优化的因子。研究发现:(1)路径设施要素作为基本要素的主要占比,是构建安全、舒适且对游客友好的旅游环境的基础,是保障和提升青年旅行者对于目的地出行满意度的关键和优先环节;(2)重要性要素与魅力要素均以感知体验因子为主。在优化漫游路径的策略中,需要重点关注漫游路径的连续性、主题文化氛围的营造、空间信息的数字化展示以及视觉导视的精细化设计。

准Z源逆变器的模型预测电流误差控制

为降低准Z源逆变器模型预测控制的控制误差,提出一种模型预测电流误差控制方法。首先,在充分分析电压矢量对被控量性能影响的基础上,合理地选择适合各被控量的电压矢量组合方式。然后,利用电流对称控制思想保证电感电流关于其参考指令对称。最后,采用电压矢量抵消原理使输出电流幅值逼近其目标值。实验结果表明,所提方法能够大幅降低电感电流脉动和输出电流谐波含量;证明了所提方法能有效提高准Z源逆变器的控制精度,简化了对权重系数的设计工作。

Bayesian analysis of minimal model under the insulin-modified IVGTT

A Bayesian analysis of the minimal model was proposed where both glucose and insulin were analyzed simultaneously under the insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The resulting model was implemented with a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling setup using ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which leads to precise estimation of population parameters by separating the inter- and intra-individual variability. The results indicated that the Bayesian method applied to the glucose-insulin minimal model provided a satisfactory solution with accurate parameter estimates which were numerically stable since the Bayesian method did not require approximation by linearization.

A constructive approach to minimal realization problem of 2D systems

Unlike in the 1D case, it is not always possible to find a minimal state-space realization for a 2D system except for some particular categories. The purpose of this paper is to explore a constructive approach to the minimal Roesser model realization problem for a class of 2D systems which does not belong to the clarified categories. As one of the main results, a constructive realization procedure is first proposed. Based on the proposed procedure, sufficient conditions and explicit construction for minimal realizations of the considered 2D systems are shown. In addition, possible variations and applications of the obtained results are discussed and illustrative examples are presented.

R-Parity Violation Effects on b_1 → bχ_1~0 in Minimal SupersymmetricStandard Model

We investigate in detail the effects of R-parity lepton number violation onthe decay b_1 → bχ_1~0 in the R-parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model (R_p-MSSM)under the present experimental constraints on R_p parameters. In our numerical calculations weconsider two cases of input parameters of the squark and slepton sectors, M_(squark) 【 M_(slepton)and M_(squark) 】 M_(slepton), for comparison. The results show that the relative R-parity violatingcorrection is not very sensitive to the mass of the lightest neutralino bχ_1~0 the degenerateR-parity violating coupling parameter λ′_2 but strongly depends on M_(squark), M_(slepton) tan βand tie degenerate R-parity violating coupling parameter λ′_1. The relative correction is about -4～ 3% and can exceed -6% in some region of parameter space. Therefore, precise experiment analyseson the decay b_1 → bχ_1~0 may provide a probe of the R-parity violation.

Calculation of Particle Decay Times in the Standard Model

We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experimental formula for decay width originally introduced by Chang. This schematic formula separates decays into seven classes. Furthermore, from it is derived a process-specific interaction energy mX. The second step is a numerical calculation method, which calculates this interaction energy mX numerically by minimization of action from the Lagrangian of the process, from which follows the decay width via the phenomenological formula. The Lagrangian is based on an extension of the Standard Model, the extended SU(4)-preon-model. A comparison of numerically calculated and observed decay widths for a large selection of decays shows a good agreement.