Fuzzy-second order sliding mode control optimized by genetic algorithm applied in direct torque control of dual star induction motor

The direct torque control of the dual star induction motor(DTC-DSIM) using conventional PI controllers is characterized by unsatisfactory performance, such as high ripples of torque and flux, and sensitivity to parametric variations. Among the most evoked control strategies adopted in this field to overcome these drawbacks presented in classical drive, it is worth mentioning the use of the second order sliding mode control(SOSMC) based on the super twisting algorithm(STA) combined with the fuzzy logic control(FSOSMC). In order to realize the optimal control performance, the FSOSMC parameters are adjusted using an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm(GA). The performances of the envisaged control scheme, called G-FSOSMC, are investigated against G-SOSMC, G-PI and BBO-FSOSMC algorithms. The proposed controller scheme is efficient in reducing the torque and flux ripples, and successfully suppresses chattering. The effects of parametric uncertainties do not affect system performance.

A Novel Fuzzy Direct Torque Control System for Three-level Inverter-fed Induction Machine

Diode clamped multi-level inverter （DCMLI） has a wide application prospect in high-voltage and adjustable speed drive systems due to its low stress on switching devices, low harmonic output, and simple structure. However, the problem of complexity of selecting vectors and capacitor voltage unbalance needs to be solved when the algorithm of direct torque control （DTC） is implemented on DCMLI. In this paper, a fuzzy DTC system of an induction machine fed by a three-level neutral-point-clamped （NPC） inverter is proposed. After introducing fuzzy logic, optimal selecting switching state is realized by applying various strategies which can distinguish the grade of the errors of stator flux linkage, torque, the neutral-point potential, and the position of stator flux linkage. Consequently, the neutral-point potential unbalance, the dr/dr of output voltage and the switching loss are restrained effectively, and desirable dynamic and steady-state performances of induction machines can be obtained for the DTC scheme. A design method of the fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and the relevant simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm.

Simplified EKF Based Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Drives

A simplified extended Kalman filter (EKF) based sensorless direct torque control technique for a permanent magnet brushless AC drive is proposed. Its performance is compared with that obtained with other sensorless methods for estimating the rotor speed and position from a stator flux-linkage. Since the EKF has an inherently adaptive filtering capability and does not introduce phase delay, the technique provides better speed estimates. In addition, the technique is easy to implement and requires minimal computation.

Novel torque ripple minimization algorithm for direct torque control of induction motor drive

To elucidate the principles of notable torque and flux ripple during the steady state of the conventional direct torque control （DTC） of induction machines, the factors of influence torque variation are examined. A new torque ripple minimization algorithm is proposed. The novel method eradicated the torque ripple by imposing the required stator voltage vector in each control cycle. The M and T axial components of the stator voltage are accomplished by measuring the stator flux error and the expected incremental value of the torque at every sampling time. The maximum angle rotation allowed is obtained. Experimental results showed that the proposed method combined with the space vector pulse width modulation （SVPWM） could be implemented in most existing digital drive controllers, offering high performance in both steady and transient states of the induction drives at full speed range. The result of the present work implies that torque fluctuation could be eliminated by imposing proper stator voltage, and the proposed scheme could not only maintain constant switching frequency for the inverter, but also solve the heating problem and current harmonics in traditional induction motor drives.

Research on Direct Torque Control System Based on Induction Motor

The mathematic model of direct torque control (DTC) was deduced. Two simulating models based on the MATLAB & SIMULINK were established. The emphasis is focused on study of the performance difference of the DTC system with stator flux hexagon and circle trajectories. The simulation waveforms of flux, torque and current characters with two flux trajectories were given. Experiments were carried out in an AC drive system based on induction motor and two-level inverter. A dual-CPU structure was used and the communication with two CPUs was obtained by a dual-port RAM in this system.

基于滑模控制的永磁同步电动机DTC仿真研究

针对传统永磁同步电动机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)中转矩和磁链脉动大的问题,在转矩和磁链控制中引入超螺旋滑模变结构,并采用基于莱维飞行的改进粒子群(PSO)算法对其可调参数优化整定。为加快系统动态响应速度,采用速度滑模控制器代替传统PI调节器。使用Matlab/Simulink对引入滑模变结构的DTC系统进行了仿真研究,分别对空载和带载条件下的转速、转矩以及磁链进行分析。仿真结果表明,滑模变结构的引入可有效抑制转矩和磁链脉动,降低转速超调,缩短过渡时间。仿真研究有助于学生更好地理解与应用滑模理论,并增强学生理论结合实际与自主创新意识。

计及磁链和电流的PMSM DTC系统中功率器件键合线老化监测方法

在闭环控制系统中,基于电参数的功率器件老化监测方法是电力电子可靠性领域的难点之一。以永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统为例,研究基于磁链相图和电流的功率逆变器中功率器件老化状态的在线监测方法。首先,分析功率器件老化的特征,得到键合线老化引起通态电阻增加的结论;其次,研究得到功率器件键合线老化与磁链相图、直轴电流和三相电流峰值变化的关系,进而提出功率器件键合线老化的监测方法;最后,通过多组仿真实验验证了基于磁链相图和电流的在线监测方法均可实现功率逆变器中功率器件键合线老化状态的在线监测。其中,基于磁链相图的在线监测方法需要系统磁链出现一些波动时才易观测,此时功率器件处于失效状态,该方法并不可取;而基于三相电流的监测方法能够更为精确地监测功率器件老化状况,效果更为优越。

Modified Sliding Mode Observer-based Direct Torque Control of Six-phase Asymmetric Induction Motor Drive

In this study,a six-phase induction asymmetric induction motor(SPAIM)was examined,whose performance surpasses that of its three-phase counterpart,with regard to the torque density,torque pulsation,fault tolerance,power rating per inverter lag,and noise characteristics.Speed-encoder-less direct torque control(DTC)for SPAIM with virtual voltage vectors(VVVs)and a modified sliding mode observer(MSMO)are described.The SPAIM model was developed using a stationaryα-βframe for DTC.The conventional DTC of the SPAIM drive is a simple extension of DTC for a 3-Φmotor drive that yields higher distortion in the stator currents.To mitigate the large amount of distortion in the stator current,VVVs were used to significantly reduce the harmonic content in the stator currents.Furthermore,to overcome the large amount of chattering observed in the case of a traditional sliding mode observer,particularly under low-speed operation,the MSMO was employed to reduce chattering even under low-speed operation.The performance of the proposed observer was verified under all the operating conditions suitable for the propulsion mode of an electric vehicle using Matlab/Simulink,and the results were experimentally validated.

基于自然容错开关表的五相永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

五相永磁同步电机(permanent-magnetsynchronous motor,PMSM)传统直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)存在相电流畸变严重、共模电压(common-modevoltage,CMV)高、转矩和磁链脉动大等问题,且无法实现相开路故障情况下的无扰运行。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于自然容错开关表的DTC策略。该策略根据PMSM开路故障前后基电压矢量的特点以及三次平面合成电压矢量为零的原则,构建虚拟矢量(virtual vector,VV),设计故障前后同一套自然容错开关表,进而不但抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,而且在故障前后均能降低三次谐波电流、减小转矩和磁链脉动、抑制CMV。实验结果验证所提策略的可行性。

改进STSMO的PMSM无传感器直接转矩控制系统

为提高滑模观测器转子位置观测精度,抑制抖振频发,提出了一种基于超螺旋滑模观测器(STSMO)的双重滤波直接转矩(DTC)控制方法。传统滑模观测器为了提取连续的扩展反电动势估计值,通常需要外加一个低通滤波器滤除高频信号,采用STSMO来提取反电动势,在低通滤波器前提下增加了卡尔曼滤波器,形成双重滤波结构,进一步滤除噪声和干扰信号,减小估算反电动势中的纹波,同时用饱和函数替代原有的符号函数以减小抖振。实验和仿真结果证明,改进STSMO控制系统能有效抑制系统抖振,具有更好的控制精度和稳态品质。

基于虚拟方波注入的五相永磁同步电机开路故障下直接转矩控制

在传统直接转矩控制(DTC)中,参考磁链往往是一个固定值,这将导致五相永磁同步电机(PMSM)在正常及容错情况下运行时效率不高。为解决该问题,该文提出一种基于虚拟方波注入的DTC(VSWI-DTC)策略。首先,建立五相PMSM在正常和开路故障情况下的数学模型,在同步旋转坐标系中推导出恒定转矩下电流幅值与定子磁链幅值的关系。其次,设计最优定子磁链探测器。通过向定子磁链幅值中注入虚拟方波信号,根据电流幅值的变化情况补偿定子磁链幅值,在线探寻最优定子磁链幅值。最后,与无差拍DTC相结合,实现电机高效率DTC运行。实验结果表明,所提策略不但能保持DTC良好的动态性能,抑制开路故障引起的转矩脉动,而且提高了电机在正常和开路故障情况下的效率。

增程器无刷直流发电系统直接转矩控制策略研究

为提高电动汽车增程器无刷直流发电系统的动静态性能,提出通过控制电磁转矩来快速保持系统输出电压的稳定。对无刷直流发电系统直接转矩控制的理论依据进行了推导,研究了无刷直流发电系统直接转矩控制的原理,指出通过选择交轴分量最大的电压矢量作用于电机,可迅速控制电磁转矩。分析了电压矢量的特点,建立了无刷直流发电系统直接转矩控制电压矢量选择表。仿真和实验结果表明,采用直接转矩控制的无刷直流发电系统具有优良的动、静态性能。

双馈感应发电机直接转矩滑模变结构控制技术研究

针对双馈感应发电机的动态行为分析不够精准,导致技术的控制效果不佳的问题,设计双馈感应发电机直接转矩滑模变结构控制。根据双馈感应发电机的运行特点,分别计算双馈感应发电机的磁链方程、电压方程、转矩方程和运动方程;确定双馈感应发电机的滑模面并计算对应的切换函数,确定相应的控制律;设计滑模变结构控制器,通过整定控制参数计算对应的控制误差,实现对发电机的控制。实验结果表明:双馈感应发电机采用的直接转矩滑模变结构控制技术在实际应用中超调量较低,控制效果较好。

Modern improvement techniques of direct torque control for induction motor drives - a review

Conventional direct torque control (DTC) is one of the excellent control strategies available to control the torque of the induction machine (IM). However, the low switching frequency of the DTC causes high ripples in the flux and torque that leads to an acoustic noise which degrades the control performances, especially at low speeds. Many direct torque control techniques were appeared to remedy these problems by focusing specifically on the torque and flux. In this paper, a state of the art review of various modern techniques for improving the performance of DTC control is presented. The objective is to make a critical analysis of these methods in terms of ripples reduction, tracking speed, switching loss, algorithm complexity and parameter sensitivity. Further, it is envisaged that the information presented in this review paper will be a valuable gathering of information for academic and industrial researchers.

Sliding mode approach applied to sensorless direct torque control of cage asynchronous motor via multi-level inverter

To improve the robustness and performance of the dynamic response of a cage asynchronous motor,a direct torque control(DTC)based on sliding mode control(SMC)is adopted to replace traditional proportional-integral(PI)and hysteresis comparators.The combination of the proposed strategy with sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM)applied to a three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverter brings many advantages such as a reduction in harmonics,and precise and rapid tracking of the references.Simulations are performed for a three-level inverter with SM-DTC,a two-level inverter with SM-DTC and the three-level inverter with PI-DTC-SPWM.The results show that the SM-DTC method achieves better performance in terms of reference tracking,while adoption of the threelevel inverter topology can effectively reduce the ripples.Applying the SM-DTC to the three-level inverter presents the best solution for achieving efficient and robust control.In addition,the use of a sliding mode speed estimator eliminates the mechanical sensor and this increases the reliability of the system.

基于滑模神经网络直接瞬时转矩控制的优化

针对开关磁阻电机在滞环控制策略中存在的较大转矩脉动问题,在传统直接瞬时转矩控制的基础上引入了反向传播(BP)神经网络控制策略,以转矩误差的平方为性能指标函数对直接瞬时转矩控制进行优化调整,抑制了电机在运行时的转矩脉动。进一步,在整体双闭环控制策略基础上,引入滑模控制对转速环节进行改进,提高了系统的响应速度和鲁棒性。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink对传统直接瞬时转矩控制和改进直接瞬时转矩控制进行仿真测试,验证了所提策略的有效性和可行性。

Robust SVM-direct torque control of induction motor based on sliding mode controller and sliding mode observer

This paper proposes a design of control and estimation strategy for induction motor based on the variable structure approach.It describes a coupling of sliding mode direct torque control(DTC)with sliding mode flux and speed observer.This algorithm uses direct torque control basics and the sliding mode approach.A robust electromagnetic torque and flux controllers are designed to overcome the conventional SVM-DTC draw・backs and to ensure fast response and full reference tracking with desired dynamic behavior and low ripple level.The sliding mode controller is used to generate reference voltages in stationary frame and give them to the controlled motor after modulation by a space vector modulation(SVM)inverter.The second aim of this paper is to design a sliding mode speed/flux observer which can improve the control performances by using a sensorless algorithm to get an accurate estimation,and consequently,increase the reliability of the system and decrease the cost of using sensors.The effectiveness of the whole composed control algorithm is investigated in different robustness tests with simulation using Matlab/Simulink and verified by real time experimental implementation based on dS pace 1104 board.

基于DTC的异步电机三相六开关容错控制策略

基于DTC的三相四开关逆变器容错控制策略只能解决单管故障问题,且具有转矩脉动大的缺点。在深入分析三相四开关和六开关逆变器电压矢量特点的基础上,充分挖掘正常开关管的潜能,在不改变逆变器拓扑结构和开关管数量的前提下,重构了单管故障状态下的电压矢量扇区和开关表,提出了一种在故障状态下的三相六开关容错控制策略,可形成六个电压矢量和一个零电压矢量,较三相四开关容错控制策略仅可提供四个电压矢量有明显改善。在此基础上,分析了三相六开关可能出现的连锁故障现象,并提出了相应的容错控制策略。仿真结果表明,所提出的三相六开关容错控制策略可有效降低转矩脉动,并可处理大部分开关管连锁故障的情况,具有更大的优越性。

遗传BP网络转速辨识器的设计及在DTC中的应用

为实现无速度传感器直接转矩控制,有时采用神经网络转速辨识器,但前馈神经网络结构难以确定,运用BP算法时又极易陷入局部解。将遗传算法和BP算法结合,采用混合编码的遗传算法优化神经网络的结构及网络初始权值,再利用BP算法对网络权值进行精确调节;这种将遗传算法与BP算法相结合的GA+BP算法,实现了遗传算法的全局搜索能力与BP算法的局部寻优性能的互补结合。将所设计的神经网络转速辨识器运用到直接转矩控制系统当中,利用MATLAB/SIMULINk实现无速度传感器控制系统的仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有良好辨识效果。

基于新型ADRC控制器和MC变换器的电机DTC控制系统研究

针对传统PID控制器参数鲁棒性和抗干扰性均较差的问题,提出了一种基于简化参数的自抗扰控制器(ADRC)的感应电机(IM)直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,它以给定转速和实际转速作为输入信号,并以给定电磁转矩作为输出信号,从而设计了基于简化参数的ADRC速度控制器。另外,由于传统DTC系统中采用常规的矩阵变换器(MC),其电压传输比较低,难以满足电机对电压的要求,直接影响了电机的输出特性,依据三相boost斩波器和MC的优势,提出一种新型MC直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,并对其进行建模分析,从理论上证明了该拓扑结构的合理性。仿真结果表明了提出的电机DTC控制系统的转速和转矩响应快速,转矩脉动大大减小,系统具有良好的动、静态性能。