What are the underlying causes and dynamics of land use conflicts in metropolitan junction areas?A case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region in China

Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.

Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI） comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders generally defined by recurrent fractures, low bone mass, short stature and skeletal fragility. Beyond the skeletal complications of OI,many patients also report intolerance to physical activity, fatigue and muscle weakness. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is also negatively affected by OI, both directly and indirectly. Given the well-established interdependence of bone and skeletal muscle in both physiology and pathophysiology and the observations of skeletal muscle pathology in patients with OI, we investigated the therapeutic potential of simultaneous anabolic targeting of both bone and skeletal muscle using a soluble activin receptor 2B（ACVR2B） in a mouse model of type Ⅲ OI（oim）. Treatment of 12-week-old oim mice with ACVR2 B for 4 weeks resulted in significant increases in both bone and muscle that were similar to those observed in healthy,wild-type littermates. This proof of concept study provides encouraging evidence for a holistic approach to treating the deleterious consequences of OI in the musculoskeletal system.

A Study on System Availability Vs System Administration Efforts with Mathematical Models

Two mathematical models are developed in this paper to study the effectiveness of system administration efforts on the improvement of system availability, based on the assumption that there exists a transitional state for a computer system in operation before it is brought down by some hardware or software problems and with intensified system administration efforts, it is possible to discover and fix the problems in time to bring the system back to normal state before it is down. Markov chain is used to simulate the transition of system states. A conclusion is made that increasing system administration efforts may be a cost-effective way to meet the requirements for moderate improvement on system availability, but higher demand on this aspect still has to be met by advanced technologies.

Research on the intelligent internet nursing model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test scale for asthma management of preschool children

BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills in children and the necessity for consistent involvement of a caregiver.With the rise of digital healthcare and the need for innovative interventions,Internet-based models can potentially offer relatively more efficient and patient-tailored care,especially in children.AIM To explore the impact of an intelligent Internet care model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test(TRACK)on asthma management in preschool children.METHODS The study group comprised preschoolers,aged 5 years or younger,that visited the hospital's pediatric outpatient and emergency departments between January 2021 and January 2022.Total of 200 children were evenly and randomly divided into the observation and control groups.The control group received standard treatment in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma and the Global Initiative on Asthma.In addition to above treatment,the observation group was introduced to an intelligent internet nursing model,emphasizing the TRACK scale.Key measures monitored over a six-month period included the frequency of asthma attack,emergency visits,pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF),monthly TRACK scores,and the SF-12 quality of life assessment.Post-intervention asthma control rates were assessed at six-month follow-up.RESULTS The observation group had fewer asthma attacks and emergency room visits than the control group(P<0.05).After six months of treatment,the children in both groups had higher FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups(P<0.05).For six months,children in the observation group had a higher monthly TRACK score than those in the control group(P<0.05).The PCS and MCSSF-12 quality of life scores were relatively higher than those before the nursing period(P<0.05).Furthermore,the groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The asthma control rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TRACK based Intelligent Internet nursing model may reduce asthma attacks and emergency visits in asthmatic children,improve lung function,quality of life,and the TRACK score and asthma control rate.The effect of nursing was significant,allowing for development of an asthma management model.

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

Establishment of an adult zebrafish model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by NMDA

AIM: To establish a model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA) in adult zebrafish.METHODS: We compared the effects of three different NMDA delivery methods on retinal neurodegeneration in adult zebrafish: immersion(I.M.), intravitreal injection(I.V.), and intraperitoneal injection(I.P.), and examined retinal pathology and degeneration by hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining in the treated zebrafish. Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and the natural product resveratrol on NMDA-induced retinal neurodegeneration were also assessed.RESULTS: The thickened inner retina was seen in histology with 100 μmol/L NMDA by I.M. administration. Significant apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal thickness reduction occurred in 0.5 mol/L NMDA I.P. administration group.Seizure-like behavioral changes, but no retinal histological alteration occurred in 16 mg/kg NMDA I.P. administration group. Resveratrol and MK-801 prevented NMDA-induced retinal neurodegeneration in the zebrafish. CONCLUSION: Among the three drug administration methods, I.V. injection of NMDA is the most suitable for establishment of an acute retinal damage model inzebrafish. I.M. with NMDA is likely the best for use as a chronic retinal damage model. I.P. treatment with NMDA causes brain damage. Resveratrol and MK801 may be a clinically valuable treatment for retinal neurodegeneration.

The construction of in vitro nasal cavity-mimic M-cell model,design of M cell-targeting nanoparticles and evaluation of mucosal vaccination by nasal administration

In order to better evaluate the transport effect of nanoparticles through the nasal mucosa,an in vitro nasal cavity-mimic model was designed based on M cells.The differentiation of M cells was induced by co-culture of Calu-3 and Raji cells in invert model.The ZO-1 protein staining and the transport of fluorescein sodium and dexamethasone showed that the inverted co-culture model formed a dense monolayer and possessed the transport ability.The differentiation of M cells was observed by upregulated expression of Sialyl Lewis A antigen(SLAA)and integrinβ1,and down-regulated activity of alkaline phosphatase.After targeting M cells with iRGD peptide(cRGDKGPDC),the transport of nanoparticles increased.In vivo,the co-administration of iRGD could result in the increase of nanoparticles transported to the brain through the nasal cavity after intranasal administration.In the evaluation of immune effect in vivo,the nasal administration of OVA-PLGA/iRGD led to more release of IgG,IFN-γ,IL-2 and secretory IgA(sIgA)compared with OVA@PLGA group.Collectively,the study constructed in vitro M cell model,and proved the enhanced effect of targeting towards M cell with iRGD on improving nasal immunity.

Uses of mathematical modeling to estimate the impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance within and between communities

Background: Antibiotics are a key part of modern healthcare,but their use has downsides,including selecting for antibiotic resistance,both in the individuals treated with antibiotics and in the community at large.When evaluating the benefits and costs of mass administration of azithromycin to reduce childhood mortality,effects of antibiotic use on antibiotic resistance are important but difficult to measure,especially when evaluating resistance that“spills over”from antibiotic-treated individuals to other members of their community.The aim of this scoping review was to identify how the existing literature on antibiotic resistance modeling could be better leveraged to understand the effect of mass drug administration(MDA)on antibiotic resistance.Main text: Mathematical models of antibiotic use and resistance may be useful for estimating the expected effects of different MDA implementations on different populations,as well as aiding interpretation of existing data and guiding future experimental design.Here,strengths and limitations of models of antibiotic resistance are reviewed,and possible applications of those models in the context of mass drug administration with azithromycin are discussed.Conclusions: Statistical models of antibiotic use and resistance may provide robust and relevant estimates of the possible effects of MDA on resistance.Mechanistic models of resistance,while able to more precisely estimate the effects of different implementations of MDA on resistance,may require more data from MDA trials to be accurately parameterized.

Innovative color jet 3D printing of levetiracetam personalized paediatric preparations

3D printing is a promising technology used in the fabrication of complex oral dosage delivery pharmaceuticals.This study first reports an innovative color jet 3D printing(CJ-3DP)technology to produce colorful cartoon levetiracetam pediatric preparations with high accuracy and reproducibility.For this study,the ideal printing ink consisted of 40%(v/v)isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.05%(w/w)polyvinylpyrrolidone and 4%(w/w)glycerin,which was satisfied with scale-up of the production.The external and internal spatial structures of the tablets were designed to control the appearance and release,and cartoon tablets with admirable appearances and immediate release characteristics were printed.The dosage model showed a good linear relationship between the model volume and the tablet strength(r>0.999),which proved the potential of personalized administration.The surface roughness indicated that the appearance of the CJ-3DP tablets was significantly better than the first listed 3D printed drug(Spritam R).Moreover,the scanning electron microscopy and porosity results further showed that the tablets have a structure of loose interior and tight exterior,which could ensure good mechanical properties and rapid dispersion characteristics simultaneously.In conclusion,the innovative CJ-3DP technology can be used to fabricate personalized pediatric preparations for improved compliance.Due to the stable formulation and fabrication process,this technology has the potential in scale-up production.

Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on collagen metabolism of hepatic stellate cells at different stages of liver fibrosis in rats

INTRODUCTIONLiver fibrosis is a dynamic course leading tocirrhosis from a various chronic liver diseases. Thepathological basis of fibrosis is the disturbance ofproduction and degradation of the extracellularmatrix (ECM), which causes accumulation of ECMin the liver[1,2].

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote repair of neonatal brain injury caused by hypoxia/ischemia in rats

Administration of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)is believed to be an effective method for treating neurodevelopmental disorde rs.In this study,we investigated the possibility of hUC-MSCs treatment of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury associated with maternal immune activation and the underlying mechanism.We established neonatal rat models of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury by exposing pregnant rats to lipopolysaccharide on day 16 or 17 of pregnancy.Rat offspring were intranasally administe red hUC-MSCs on postnatal day 14.We found that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-1(PTBP-1)participated in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced maternal immune activation,which led to neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury.Intranasal delive ry of hUC-MSCs inhibited PTBP-1 expression,alleviated neonatal brain injury-related inflammation,and regulated the number and function of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes,there by promoting plastic regeneration of neurons and im p roving brain function.These findings suggest that hUC-MSCs can effectively promote the repair of neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury related to maternal immune activation through inhibition of PTBP-1 expression and astrocyte activation.

Formalizing Land Administration through E-Governance Mechanism in Sri Lanka

This paper proposes a comprehensive and practical approach to implement a land administration act in Sri Lanka followed by setting up a Land Administration Commission (LAC), which is a separate entity to maintain a Land Administration Database Management System in support of the land information collected and maintained by stakeholders who deal with matters related to land and its decision-making under e-governance concept. Also, It describes the operations of the four core functions: land tenure, land valuation, land use, and land development in land administration under a single sustainable national land policy, underpinned by spatial information under the e-Governance mechanism. Further, the paper identifies the stakeholders and their main responsibilities in each of the four core functions with the current issues in sharing information across stakeholders. Finally, the paper describes setting up a Land administration entity thereby empowering the LAC and introduces spatial information layers at different resolution levels in a centralized land administration spatial database to keep track of all land transactions carried out by each stakeholder. This approach will enable the top-level decision-making authority (the central level) to manage all land-related activities under one platform to contribute towards the sustainable land development of the country. It is proposed to implement this approach as a pilot activity in the district of Colombo and expand it in the entire country gradually with its output.

整合型服务体系构建背景下医防融合实现机制研究

背景实现基层医防融合,创新医防协同、医防融合机制是我国医疗卫生领域在“十四五”期间的重要任务。目的分析整合型服务体系构建背景下医防融合的实现机制,为探索适应健康中国战略的医防融合路径提供参考。方法以2018年为时间节点,以“医防融合”“医防协同”“防治结合”为关键词检索中国知网和万方数据知识服务平台相关文献,筛选出对医共体、医联体等整合型服务体系案例政策措施和实施效果进行研究的文献,最终筛选出文献18篇,案例15个。基于彩虹模型,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面以及支持要素确定系统整合、组织整合、专业整合、服务整合、功能整合、规范整合为条件变量,以良好医防融合效果为结果变量,采用定性比较分析方法探索整合型服务体系构建背景下的医防融合实现机制。结果共有4条组态路径能有效提升医防融合效果,4条路径分别符合多层面整合型、中微观整合型路径,同时得出以下结果:(1)依托整合型服务体系开展医防融合更为有效,在整合型服务体系下存在多种路径可有效提升医防融合效果;(2)服务整合对提升医防融合效果起着基础保障作用;(3)对提升医防融合的系统整合、专业整合和功能整合相关政策指标设置尚不健全。结论(1)依托医联体、医共体等中国特色的整合型服务体系提升医防融合效果;(2)充分发挥服务整合的基础保障作用;(3)参考多层面整合型案例的成功经验,均衡设置宏观、中观、微观层面政策指标,同时完善系统整合、专业整合以及支持要素的整合。

“双碳”目标背景下企业“绿洗”行为法律问题研究

企业“绿洗”行为泛滥的趋势引起国际社会的普遍关注,文章通过分析企业“绿洗”案例发现,企业“绿洗”有两种动因:一是基于声誉效益的外部动因;二是根植企业利益的内部动因。两者是导致企业“虚假性”“欺骗或误导性”“真实性”投机表现的根本动因。以美国为代表的“分散式治理”模式和以欧盟指令为依据的“专门治理”模式是当前较为典型的企业“绿洗”治理方案。这两种企业“绿洗”治理模式为我国治理企业“绿洗”的法律方案提供思路。鉴于当前我国治理企业“绿洗”行为存在立法表达缺失、执法不严及监管缺失等问题,导致国内企业“绿洗”投机以逃避处罚的事态严峻。对此,本文提出从法律层面建立企业“绿洗”治理的统一界定规范、将企业“绿洗”治理纳入环境公益诉讼的司法治理范式、强化消费者侵权诉讼补充公共规制、探索国际层面企业“绿洗”治理的一致性等建议,助力完善中国企业“绿洗”治理的路径方案。

全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响的前后对照单臂观察性研究

目的 探讨全程管理模式对医院临床药师抗感染会诊的影响效果。方法 对长沙市第四医院临床药师抗感染会诊实施全程管理模式前(2021年2—7月)的592例会诊病例和实施全程管理模式后(2022年2—7月)的688例会诊病例的抗菌药物使用疗程、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、抗菌药物使用累计DDD(限定日剂量)数、抗菌药物使用强度、病人住院天数、病人住院费用和病人住院药品费用等指标进行对比和分析。结果 实施全程管理模式后,临床药师参与管理的抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用累计DDD数减少3.31(实施前21.16±19.65,实施后17.85±16.09)、抗菌药物使用强度减少6.79(实施前103.22±58.37,实施后96.43±48.80)、病人住院天数减少2.26 d[实施前(20.59±13.13)d,实施后(18.33±11.71)d],抗菌药物使用天数、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、病人住院费用以及病人住院药品费用等指标差异无统计学意义。结论 全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响显著,对降低临床药师参与抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用强度及减轻病人疾病负担具有重要意义,值得推广应用。

虚拟仿真与行政管理专业实践教学的融合研究

实践教学在高校教育中扮演着至关重要的角色,它对于培养符合社会期望的创新型、实用型、技艺型人才具有举足轻重的作用。梳理虚拟仿真技术的研究现状、在行政管理领域的研究成果,深入探讨目前行政管理专业实践教学面临的困境,通过综合运用问卷调查、构建模型与实际操作成绩对比分析等手段,结合虚拟仿真与行政管理专业实践教学融合的案例分享,旨在探讨融合的效果,并提出了相应的改进策略和建议,以期推动虚拟仿真技术在行政管理教学中的广泛应用和深入发展,为培养具备实践能力和创新精神的行政管理人才提供有力支持。

基于大数据的高校教务域数仓应用研究

针对当前业界大数据方法论的实践对高校场景化业务支撑有限、大数据视角的教育数据价值未能得到有效挖掘利用的问题,探索高校数据仓库建设方法路径。以构建可持续迭代的智慧校园数字基础设施为目标,以大数据维度建模方法论为基础,结合高校数据自身的特点,以教务域数仓的建设为例,通过深入了解源业务系统、丰富数仓建模知识,总结出了一套对高校来说切实可行的建模思路和方法论,其创新性主要体现在数据整合、标准化数据管理、建模方法和建设方式等方面。该方法为发掘数据价值、促进校级能力整合、推动高校实现数字化转型提供了基本保障。

大数据背景下工商管理学生数据分析能力素质模型的构建与应用

在大数据时代背景下,企业对工商管理人才的数据分析能力要求提升,这也对高校现有工商管理学生的培养方式提出了挑战。基于访谈、岗位分析和理论分析,工商管理学生应具备数据分析知识和技能、数据思维和数据态度,据此构建数据分析能力素质模型,并建立相应的测量模型和指标体系,包括数据获取能力、数据预处理能力、数据分析能力、数据应用能力、数据思维和数据态度六个方面,运用数据分析能力素质模型能够为高校培养工商管理学生数据分析能力提供理论支持与实践建议。

公共管理硕士研究生知识转移影响因素分析

文章旨在探究公共管理硕士研究生知识转移的影响因素及作用机理。基于已有文献构建假设模型,借助问卷调查数据,采用偏最小二乘法结构方程建模方法(PLS-SEM)对假设模型进行验证。研究发现:转移动机对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,且在转移过程中发挥中介作用;学习结果对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,学习结果、感知内容效度通过转移动机对项目知识转移产生间接影响;使用机会对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,主管支持分别经由转移动机、使用机会对项目知识转移产生间接影响。基于研究结果提出实践建议:激发公共管理硕士研究生的知识转移动机;优化公共管理硕士教育项目的内容和形式;加强公共部门主管支持,创造更多使用机会。

基于情境—问题—能力框架的公共管理应用类课程教学模式构建

公共管理应用类课程教学关系到专业人才培养质量。针对现有该类教学存在的知识结构耗散、课程衔接不畅、能力训练弱化等问题,该文在相关文献基础上提出情境—问题—能力框架的教学模式设想。其基本内容包括课程知识体系廓清与重点梳理、专题化教学情境建构与理论对接、动态情境下实践问题识别与溯源和问题解决的知识选用与能力训练四个维度,同时嵌入情境教学、专题教学、全时教学和互动教学等多种方法。这一模式在理论和实践层面具有重要的创新价值,但需逐步推广应用。可通过教学设计上博采众长以我为主、情景演绎上追求真理服务现实、课堂组织上着眼多数关注个别、课程衔接上循序渐进彰显整体等努力,达到支撑学科发展及强化人才培育目的。