Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

A novel refined dynamic model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system for random vibration and running safety assessment

Running safety assessment and tracking irregularity parametric sensitivity analysis of high-speed maglev train-bridge system are of great concern,especially need perfect refinement models in which all properties can be well characterized based on various stochastic excitations.A three-dimensional refined spatial random vibration analysis model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system is established in this paper,in which multi-source uncertainty excitation can be considered simultaneously,and the probability density evolution method(PDEM)is adopted to reveal the system-specific uncertainty dynamic characteristic.The motion equation of the maglev vehicle model is composed of multi-rigid bodies with a total 210-degrees of freedom for each vehicle,and a refined electromagnetic force-air gap model is used to account for the interaction and coupling effect between the moving train and track beam bridges,which are directly established by using finite element method.The model is proven to be applicable by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation.By applying the proposed stochastic framework to the high maglev line,the random dynamic responses of maglev vehicles running on the bridges are studied for running safety and stability assessment.Moreover,the effects of track irregularity wavelength range under different amplitude and running speeds on the coupled system are investigated.The results show that the augmentation of train speed will move backward the sensitive wavelength interval,and track irregularity amplitude influences the response remarkably in the sensitive interval.

Reform of the Teaching Model of Korean Intensive Reading Courses in Vocational High Schools in the Era of All-Media

The use of multimedia technology in the teaching process is the current mainstream trend in teaching development.The arrival of the all-media era is not only a huge challenge to the traditional teaching model,but also a huge opportunity for the reform of the teaching model.Combining traditional education models with modern scientific and technological means,and learning from each other’s strengths can stimulate students’subjective initiative in learning.On the other hand,it is also an important way for teachers to improve their teaching abilities.This article analyzes the opportunities brought by the all-media era to the reform of education models based on the teaching status and teaching difficulties of Korean intensive reading courses in vocational high schools,and proposes a teaching model reform strategy for Korean intensive reading courses in vocational high schools in the all-media era.

Parental Psychological Control and Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency:A Moderated Mediation Model of Core Self-Evaluation and Intentional Self-Regulation

Internet gaming disorder(IGD)among junior high school students is an increasingly prominent mental health concern.It is important to look for influences behind internet gaming disorder tendency(IGDT)in the junior high school student population.The present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanisms underlying the association between parental psychological control(PPC)and internet gaming disorder tendency among junior high school students by testing the mediating role of core self-evaluation(CSE)and the moderating role of intentional self-regulation(ISR).Participants in present study were 735 Chinese junior high school students who completed offline self-report questionnaires on parental psychological control,core self-evaluation,intentional self-regulation,and Internet gaming disorder tendency.Analyses were conducted via mediation and moderated mediation.The results showed that:(1)Parental psychological control was positively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.Core self-evaluation,and intentional self-regulation were negatively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency,respectively.(2)Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.(3)Intentional self-regulation moderated the association between parental psychological control and Internet gaming disorder tendency,as well as the relationships between parental psychological control and core self-evaluation and core self-evaluation and Internet gaming disorder tendency in the mediated model.Based on these findings,we believe that there is a need to weaken parental psychological control,strengthen junior high school students’core self-evaluation and intentional self-regulation,and to recognize the important role of parents as well as their children’s personal positive traits in the healthy development of junior high school students.

Towards a New Model of Teacher Training in Europe

The current situation of European educational systems leads to the lack of historical precedents,considering that it implies the end of educational systems based on exclusion,configuring a new conception of educational systems that we are still not able to appreciate at their true value,because we were educated by and in the previous educational system.Lacking other references,we inevitably tend to compare current problems with previous situations,without understanding that the generalization of education to 100%of the population implies a qualitative change that modifies the objectives,forms of work,and the very essence of the educational system.This stage change,marked by the acceleration of social changes,including the pandemic situation,explains why,despite the best educational system so far,teachers with the best levels of training and a financial and material endowment unimaginable until recently,try a sense of crisis and a general feeling of confusion is manifested among the teachers and parents of the children,seeing that education is no longer what it used to be(Esteve,1998).The key to defuse this apparent paradox is in the tendency to judge the new education system by the mentality and standards of the former selective education,in which most of the adults present were educated.Thus,although we continue to apply to the new general education situation the parameters of the previous situation,in which the selective system excluded every year the students who had behavior problems in the class or had difficulties regarding the mastery of certain educational subjects(Esteve,1998).In this way,we are currently criticizing the school failure of a percentage of our students,without realizing that their schooling itself is a success,because,although their level is low,they had no level before.One speaks of a low educational level,when,in reality,the educational level is increasing—the general level of the people and the individual level of the best students(Baudelot&Establet,1990).Indeed,it is true that in our education systems there are students with a very low educational level,although even so,it is a success that they have some education because they used to be on the streets;and,in any case,the current education system produces a higher percentage of students with higher levels than the best students of the 90s.The main element of change,the most substantial transformation,is the elimination of exclusion,today having access to secondary education,alongside students with an excellent level.Thousands of children who were previously expelled from it,thus comply with the European measures of access to education for all children and young people.The previous educational system can be compared to a hospital from which the sickest were kicked out,and those who created behavioral problems were eliminated through the selective mechanisms of the system.However,teaching today is qualitatively different from what it was 20-30 years ago.First of all,because working with a homogeneous group of children as a result of the selection or dealing with all the children in a country,with social and personal problems,is not the same thing.That is why many general education teachers are social workers rather than teachers;and the new configuration of our educational systems requires secondary teachers to assume diverse educational roles rather than the traditional one of intellectual training.History cannot go backwards;to have better quality educational systems,the solution is not to return to the exclusionary system.Society asks teachers to make an effort to integrate;but,during this time,our society must support and revalue the activity of teachers in order not to put them in front of impossible tasks.The transition from a selective to a general education was based on the increase/amplification of compulsory schooling.For the first time in history,European educational systems have assumed the role of declaring secondary education compulsory.This decision implies a new stage,a definitive break from the previous reality in which secondary education was reserved for those who later attend a university.

Research on the Status Quo and High-Quality Development of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Education in China

Faced with unprecedented changes in the world,China has chosen to continue expanding its opening-up and actively cooperate with other countries.Internationalization of education is one of the important directions for the future development of universities.Since the reform and opening-up,a series of Sino-foreign cooperative education policies have been successively released,forming a relatively systematic and complete policy system.Under the promotion of policies,Chinese universities actively engage in Sino-foreign cooperative education,with increasingly frequent educational exchanges and a clear trend towards internationalization.The scale of Sino-foreign cooperative education is also constantly expanding.It is worthy to explore how to draw on advanced teaching experience from overseas,continue to promote Sino-foreign cooperative education,and improve the quality of Sino-foreign cooperative education.

The Application of the Trial-Discovery Model to English Grammar Teaching in Senior High Schools

In senior high schools, great importance and attention are required to be attached to grammar teaching and learning. However, a majority of teachers either apply the traditional method or neglect grammar teaching and learning, both of which go against the ideas of the new curriculum of the high school. To solve the problem, based on the constructionist theory, Halliday＇s theory of register, and the trial-discovery model, the trial-discovery English grammar teaching model was constructed. To find out whether this teaching model is more effective than the traditional grammar teaching, an experimental study of the trial-discovery model in senior English grammar teaching is carried out. This study deals with the problem how we can improve the efficiency of grammar teaching, that is by increasing the students＇ learning interest and improving the accuracy in English writing. After the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and writing tests, the study reveals that the trial-discovery grammar teaching is more effective to stimulate the students＇ interest in learning grammar, and is more helpful to improve the accuracy and complexity in English writing than the traditional grammar teaching

The Curriculum Problem Is the Basis of Model School Construction

This thesis makes vocational school demonstration project as a starting point. It is a combination of the last ten years of literature on model school building. From the perspective of the audience, it is combing the characteristics of the project due to the inherent requirements of the decision-making level, which is leading to its subordinate business operating space that has very limited level and then free the needs of the audience. It believes that if it relaxes contemplation perspective, consolidates construction of the curriculum, or it is a prime choice related to project management.

Research on the Design and Implementation of Middle School Physical Education Curriculum Based on the Process Model

For a long time,the education work in China has been deeply affected by the target model.With the development of the times and the continuous reform of education,the impact of process model on education has become increasingly prominent.It does not only give full play to the internal value of the curriculum content,but also cultivate students5 personality and subjectivity.Taking the middle school physical education curriculum design as an example,this paper explores the practical application of process model for reference.

Exploration of the Role-Playing Model in Primary School Class Activities Under the Background of“Class Activity Month”

Education in the new era advocates taking students as the main body and improving students’core literacy on this basis.Subjectivity has also become one of the keys to quality education.Primary school is not only the initial stage of life,but also the key period to develop students’subjectivity.At present,there are many problems in class activities,such as the weak concept of taking students as the main body,the lack of subject consciousness among students,the flawed construction system of class activities,the unreasonable evaluation system of class activities,and so on.By establishing the role-playing model under the background of“class activity month,”students can play different roles in class activities and participate in various links,such as theme selection,scheme design,organization,implementation,summary,and evaluation of class activities.Through this process,it does not only improve the quality of class activities,but also cultivate students’subject consciousness and ability in a certain subject,thus highlighting their subject status in class activities.

Memory-Type Control Charts Through the Lens of Cost Parameters

A memory-type control chart utilizes previous information for chart construction.An example of a memory-type chart is an exponentially-weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart.The EWMA control chart is well-known and widely employed by practitioners for monitoring small and moderate process mean shifts.Meanwhile,the EWMA median chart is robust against outliers.In light of this,the economic model of the EWMA and EWMA median control charts are commonly considered.This study aims to investigate the effect of cost parameters on the out-of-control average run lengthðARL_(1)Þin implementing EWMA and EWMA median control charts.The economic model was used to compute the ARL_(1) parameter.The 14 input parameters were identified and the analysis was carried out based on the one-parameter-at-a-time basis.When the input parameters change based on a predetermined percentage,the ARL_(1) is affected.According to the results of the EWMA chart,nine input parameters had an effect andfive input parameters had no effect on the ARL_(1) parameter.Further,only seven of the 14 input parameters had an effect on the ARL_(1) of the EWMA median chart.However,the effect of each input parameter on the ARL_(1) was different.Moreover,the ARL_(1) for the EWMA median chart was smaller than the EWMA chart.This analysis is crucial to observe and determine the input parameters that have a significant impact on the ARL_(1) of the EMWA and EWMA median control charts.Hence,practitioners can obtain an overview of the influence of the input parameters on the ARL_(1) when implementing the EWMA and EWMA median control charts.

The Reliability of the 300-Yard Shuttle Run in High School Girls Basketball Players

The 300-yard shuttle run is a field test commonly used to assess anaerobic capacity. There is limited documentation regarding the reliability of the shuttle run for various populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the 300-yard shuttle run in High School girls basketball players. Thirty nine High School girls basketball players performed two separate sessions of the 300-yard shuttle run. During each session, the participants completed two trials of the 300-yard shuttle run separated by a 5-minute rest period. The trial 1 and 2 scores were 66.2 - 4.9 and 69.1 - 6.0 seconds, respectively. The interclass and intraclass reliability coefficients were r = 0.84 and ICC = 0.83. The standard error of the measure was SEm = 2.2 seconds with 90% confidence limits Of UL： 2.6, LL： 1.9. The typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation percent was CV% = 3.2 with 90% confidence limits Of UL： 3.7, LL： 2.8. Within the parameters of this study, the 300-yard shuttle run is a sufficiently reliable field test for measuring anaerobic capacity.

Application of the p-Median Problem in School Allocation

This paper focus on solving the problem of optimizing students’ orientation. After four years spent in secondary school, pupils take exams and are assigned to the high school. The main difficulty of Education Department Inspection (EDI) of Dakar lies in the allocation of pupils in the suburbs. In this paper we propose an allocation model using the p-median problem. The model takes into account the distance of the standards imposed by international organizations between pupil’s home and school. The p-median problem is a location-allocation problem that takes into account the average (total) distance between demand points (pupil’s home) and facility (pupil’s school). The p-median problem is used to determine the best location to place a limited number of schools. The model has been enhanced and applied to a wide range of school location problems in suburbs. After collecting necessary numerical data to each EDI, a formulation is presented and computational results are carried out.

Distribution of primary school based on spatial network comprehensive model in low-income mountainous cities： a case study in Wanyuan, China

Focusing on the peculiarities of urban construction resulting from specific mountain terrains, the purpose of this study is to find out a suitable method based on a Spatial Network Comprehensive Model(SNCM) to reasonably plan and distribute primary schools in low-income mountain cities. The construction principles and advantages of the SNCM method are proposed and the method tested in Wanyuan city of Qinba Mountain area(Southwest China) to verify its feasibility and optimization. Taking account of the mountain terrain and its influence on user behavior, we used the SNCM method to build a comprehensive model which integrates the road slope and the walking speed of pupils into the basic spatial model. The model is used to calculate a reasonable layout of the primary schools and to validate the rationale. The results show that the SNCM method can be effectively applied in low-income mountainous cities. It can not only improve the accessibility and service efficiency of primary schools using as little capital-investment as possible, but also help the city grow in an intensive and efficient way.

Changes in segment coordination variability and the impacts of the lower limb across running mileages in half marathons:Implications for running injuries

Background:Segment coordination variability(CV)is a movement pattern associated with running-related injuries.It can also be adversely affected by a prolonged run.However,research on this topic is currently limited.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a prolonged run on segment CV and vertical loading rates during a treadmill half marathon.Methods:Fifteen healthy runners ran a half marathon on an instrumental treadmill in a biomechanical laboratory.Synchronized kinematic and kinetic data were collected every 2 km(from 2 km until 20 km),and the data were processed by musculoskeletal modeling.Segment CVs were computed from the angle-angle plots of selected pelvis-thigh,thigh-shank,and shank-rearfoot couplings using a modified vector coding technique.The loading rate of vertical ground reaction force was also calculated.A one-way MANOVA with repeated measures was performed on each of the outcome variables to examine the main effect of running mileage.Results:Significant effects of running mileage were found on segment CVs(p≤0.010)but not on loading rate(p=0.881).Notably,during the early stance phase,the CV of pelvis frontal thigh frontal was significantly increased at 20 km compared with the CV at 8 km(g=0.59,p=0.022).The CV of shank transverse vs.rearfoot frontal decreased from 2 km to 8 km(g=0.30,p=0.020)but then significantly increased at both 18 km(g=0.05,p<0.001)and 20 km(g=0.36,p<0.001).Conclusion:At the early stance,runners maintained stable CVs on the sagittal plane,which could explain the unchanged loading rate throughout the half marathon.However,increased CVs on the frontal/transverse plane may be an early sign of fatigue and indicative of possible injury risk.Further studies are necessary for conclusive statements in this regard.

Peer Pressure and Family Smoking Habits Influence Smoking Uptake in Teenage Boys Attending School: Multilevel Modeling of Survey Data

Introduction: Among young teens, about one in five smokes worldwide. Adolescents spend a considerable amount of their time in school, and the school environment is therefore important for child health practices and outcomes. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact on smoking behavior of the school environment and the personal characteristics of male teenage students attending schools in Pakistan, taking into account the survey sampling structure. Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling with stratification was employed, and we interviewed 772 male secondary school students. We adopted random effect and generalizing estimating equation models. Results: Peer pressure in particular had a strong influence on adolescents smoking;those whose friends smoked were up to 6 times more likely to smoke. Family smoking was also significantly associated with adolescents smoking, but those students whose mother was educated were 50% less likely to smoke. The fitted random effect model indicated that the between school variability was significant (p-value < 0.01), indicating differences in smoking habits between schools. A random coefficient model showed that variability among schools was not significantly different for public and private schools. Conclusion: Public health campaigns for smoking cessation should target not only the individual but also the families of adolescents attending schools.

Evaluation of the Literacy and Numeracy Screening Program in Three Types of National Primary Schools in Malaysia

Literacy and numeracy screening(LINUS)is a program implemented by the Malaysia Ministry of Education in primary schools nationwide to increase literacy skills of students in year 1–3.This study aimed at assessing the LINUS program implemented since 2010.Model of Critical Literacy by Freebody and Luke(1990)was applied in this study.Reading and writing tests for Malay language subject were developed from the module of LINUS program and conducted on 120 students from three different types of schools,namely national schools,national-type Chinese schools,and national-type Tamil schools.The results showed that the level of reading and writing of students was average.One-way analysis of variance tests showed significant differences between ethnic and type of schools with the reading and writing proficiency of the students;students of national schools scored the highest in reading test whereas the students of national-type Chinese school performed the best in writing test.In contrast,family socioeconomic status of the students did not influence their reading and writing proficiency.Therefore,teachers should take into account ethnic and type of schools in implementing the LINUS program as the main factors determining the level of literacy,achievement,and success of the LINUS program.

Prediction and Backtracking Models of Life Cycle Cost Based on School Facility Conditions in South Korea

After the introduction of BTL （Build-Transfer-Lease） projects in 2005, most construction projects of school facilities have been implemented in BTL system. However, concern about whether the school facilities can be managed appropriately during the 20 year as operation and management period is increasing. Therefore, the necessity of reference for evaluation standard on operating costs and the establishment of LCC （life cycle costing） prediction models is coming to the fore. In this respect, the goal of this study was to extract the variables for LCC-related models and conduct analyses of the correlations of the variables using statistical analysis tool, in order to establish LCC prediction and backtracking model based on BTL project cases of school facilities. The prediction and backtracking model of LCC will be a key for budget equalization or optimum range as one way of estimating method using LCC by year and school type. In the future, it would provide the accurate reference for analyzing and managing the actual input costs against the plan and evaluating the practical cost for long-term facility management plan as the predictive management.

Strangers in a New Land: Rural School Personnel’s Perceptions of the Implementation of an International Student Program

Many high schools in the northeastern United States have suffered from declining enrollment due to a declining population of school-age children in the region.Administrators,counselors and teachers perceive many impacts of the implementation of an international student program at a rural high school.This qualitative case study reveals that the rural high school’s unique nature impacts international student programs,international students influence both school culture and programming,and international students suffer from isolation.School leaders would benefit from considerations in the form of professional development both prior to implementation of an international student program and ongoing throughout its duration.It is important for schools to find ways to respectfully honor student cultures and optimize learning experiences.School leaders would be wise to determine desired size of international student programs and make efforts accordingly to achieve that size for optimal effectiveness for the benefit of both host and international students.Implications and recommendations for future research include further exploration of the perceived experiences of European and Chinese international students,understanding the unique nature of rural high schools and international student experiences,and examination of school practices.