Pollen Assemblage Features of Modern Water Samples from the Shiyang River Drainage, Arid Region of China

Pollen analysis of 30 modem water samples from the Shivang River, an internal river system located between the Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, Northwest China was carried out to examine the river's capacity to carry pollen and spores, and to assess the contribution of the water-borne pollen to pollen assemblages in lake sediments at the end of the river system. Results indicate the pollen assemblages in water samples consist of both local and upland pollen. Percentages of upland pollen reach 30% - 60%, and pollen assemblages in water samples do not indicate the nature of local vegetation at the sampling sites. Fluvial currents have the capacity to transport large quantities of pollen long distances, and the contribution of this fluvial transported pollen is relatively high, For example, percentages of Picea Dietr. pollen in water samples at sampling sites 130 km and 145 km away from Picea forests reach 16.5% and 7.7%, respectively. Fluvial pollen transport occurs primarily during flood periods, and pollen concentrations from the flood samples are 17.1 - 12.5 times those from normal fluvial flow. Reservoirs affect pollen transportation since pollen is deposited at reservoir inlets and pollen concentrations are much reduced at reservoir outlets. Human activity can thus change natural features of pollen transportation and deposition. The main factors influencing pollen concentrations and assemblages are sampling time, sampling location, and rainfall intensity.

Impacts of Modern Glacier Changes on Surface Water Resources in Western and Northern Mongolia

Water trapped in glaciers and in lakes impounded by landforms created by glaciers (glacial lakes) are an important component of the hydrology and water resources in high mountain areas of Central Asia. Changes in modern glaciers and glacial lakes are an important component of the hydrology of watersheds in the Mongolian Altai and Khuvsgul Mountain Ranges, western and northern Mongolia, respectively. Here we focus on Mt. Ikh Turgen and Mt. Munkh Saridag, isolated mountains of the Mongolian Altai and Khuvsgul Mountain Ranges, respectively. We use remote sensing to track changes in modern glaciers over time with mapping at scales of 1:200,000 for Mt. Ikh Turgen and 1:90,000 for Mt. Munkh Saridag based on imagery from Google Earth, 30 m resolution Aster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and 30 m resolution Landsat 5 TM. Mt. Ikh Turgen lost 45.6% of its total glacier area between 1970 (41.4 km2) and 2011 (18.9 km2) and the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) of the glaciers increased in elevation by 98 m and 144 m on north and south aspects, respectively. Mt. Munkh Saridag lost 57.3% of its total glacier area between 1970 (901 m2) and 2007 (381 m2) and the local ELA rose by 47 m and 80 m on north and south aspects, respectively. These mountains are located at similar latitudes, and so the greater percentage loss of glacier area in Mt. Munkh Saridag and faster changes in ELAs in Mt. Ikh Turgen may reflect variations in elevation and aspect, duration of solar radiation, and vulnerability to solar radiation, as well as variations in glacier scale. This study demonstrates the importance of spatial analyses of modern glaciers in understanding the context of hydrological changes within which any sustainable water resource management plan must be situated.

A Review of Study of Yellow Water Disease in Tibetan Medicine Theory

Based on the Tibetan medical theory,the relevant information and diagnosis and treatment ideas of yellow water disease are discussed,and Mongolian medicine also takes its own basic medical theory as the starting point to discuss and explain,while traditional Chinese medicine has made less theoretical description of this disease,but there are also some understandings and treatment guidelines.This paper mainly discusses the cognitive aspects of this disease,starting from the essence,analyzes the relationship between this disease and traditional Chinese medicine diseases as well as modern medicine,and makes a theoretical description for a better understanding of the yellow water disease.

Research on the Realization Path of Consultative Governance of River Basin Water Environment in China

As a new way of governance,deliberative democracy has an inherent compatibility with river basin water environment governance.Consultative governance of river basin water environment is an important way to build an ecological civilization in the river basin.It involves three different levels of government-level democratic coordination,government-enterprise-society consultation and cooperation,and independent consultation between citizens and their governance mechanisms.To realize the consultative governance of river basin water environment,the concept and system construction of consultative governance should be incorporated into the system and mechanism construction of river basin water environment administration.

θ-improved limited tolerance relation model of incomplete information system for evaluation of water conservancy project management modernization

The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.

Assessing Water Resources Access of Nouhao Sub-Basin, Burkina Faso

Water resource access in the Nouhao sub-basin, assessed based on the availability of drinking water mobilization facilities, the availability of water for uses and the quality of drinking water, revealed that in 2017 the basin was covered by 1249 modern water point, main drinking water sources. On average, the sub-basin shows a ratio of 271 users per drinking water point. Communal level shows some disparity with Bittou recording the highest number of people per drinking water point, i.e., around 537. Water that can be captured in the entire sub-basin meets only 42% of the total water needs from the three mains uses: irrigation, domestic consumption and livestock. The highest demander among these uses is Irrigation with 75% of the need, i.e., approximately 12,859,995 m3. Water in 33% drinking sources of this sub basin is of poor quality. Arsenic, one of the quality parameters studied, is found in some communes of the sub-basin. 11% of the water points in Bissiga are arsenic polluted making this commune the most arsenic contaminated location. The vulnerability maps deducted from lack of water for uses;lack of drinking water works and poor water quality shows so, the exposure level of the sub-basin’ communes to some potential risks related to low water resources access.

Application of Modern Communication Technology in Water Conservancy Work

The role of communication is very important in the process of flood prevention work.Modern communication technology can transmit information effectively and implement the communication target of dispatching instructions.Today,the communication technology covers various types such as mobile communication,satellite communication,short-wave communication,optical fiber communication and digital microwave communication.These modern communication technologies are widely used in transmission of information during the process of domestic flood prevention and water conditions.This article focuses on the research of using modern communication technology as the main objective and its specific application in water conservancy work.

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the future, wheat yield could be further increased by using the tridimensional uniform sowing mode and the development of wheat varieties that are resistant to rusts, deficit irrigation, and abiotic stress, that are highly adaptable to mechanized operation and have high yields. Based on our analysis, we propose the main technical requirements and measures to increase wheat yield in Egypt in the near future.

The Rule of Law in Foreign-Related Affairs in Building China into a Great Modern Country

The call to advance the rule of law in foreign-related affairs is an important component of China's strategic move to a great modern country.In modern times,Western countries have applied rule of law practices in their modernization,demonstrating the values of a sound rule of law system for national strength.In particular,the rule of law,extended beyond national borders,provides a crucial guarantee for a great modern country's sustained,stable,and healthy path,and is also a clear symbol of a country's soft power.As China is progressing to become a great modern country,there is a need to pay a particularly close attention to the rule of law,actively promoting the legalization of foreign-related work.China's stance on the rule of law in foreign-related affairs should include both a principle of defending its core interests and a principle of advocating shared values and of promoting mutually beneficial cooperation.In the context of this era,China's international law professional community should delve into appropriate models that can facilitate smooth progress on the path to modernization,further enhancing the rule of law in China and the successful emergence of a great modern country.

“An Aquatic Reverie”|Mallarmé’s Writing on Water and the Naming of Waves

At his home outside Paris,in Valvin,Stéphane Mallarméspent much time on his small boat dreamily sailing upon the Seine,seeing this body of flowing water as a site for inspiration and inscription.Indeed,Mallarméonce confided to a friend,“I no longer write a poem without an aquatic reverie running through it,”and that,for him,poetry was like an“oar stroke,”and the sail,a“white page.”When Mallarméwas invited to lecture at Oxford University in 1894,he did not speak specifically of time spent on the water,his life on the Seine,but his own pronouncements on poetic form and function seem inspired by his own aquatic reveries about surfaces and depths,transparency and opacity,and of those fluid spaces of the imagination that can be approached but not penetrated,of liquid impressions seen but not solidified.In my essay,I discuss Mallarmé’s seminal Oxford lecture and the manner in which his time on the water,his reveries floating upon its surface,offer a way into his poetic pronouncements,as well as into a poetry that remains to this day rich in mystery,power,and enduring inspiration.The essay concludes with a discussion of my own“Writing on Water”art and poetry installation,in 2017,at Oxford University,a project presented in conjunction with the conference“Power of the Word|The Prophetic Word”where I delivered a variation of the essay that follows.

文明的求索:晚清民国思想史中的现代化理论

现代化是晚清民国思想史的主旋律。鸦片战争以降,古老的中华农业文明遭遇发轫于西欧的现代工业文明的挑战,中国在文明冲突中通过文化传播而采纳融合现代文明。面对现代文明转型的“三千年未有之大变局”,一代代民族精英对中国的现代化进行了艰苦不懈的改革实践和思想探索。“洋务”、“富强”、“维新”、“新民”、“革命”、“文明”、“新文化”、“西化”和“现代化”这些新观念的递嬗,呈现了晚清民国思想史上早期中国现代化理论形态的曲折演进。从晚清“中体西用”的“洋务”思潮,到20世纪30年代思想界对“文明”与“文化”、“现代化”与“西方化”的分辨,表征着中国早期现代化理论形态的趋于成熟。

我国现代治水研究热点与发展展望

中国现代治水充满机遇,面临挑战。“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路是习近平总书记关于现代治水所做的重要论述,其简明扼要、科学严谨、逻辑紧密、系统完整地指明了现代治水研究的发展方向,为新时代治水研究提供了根本遵循。文章以“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路为主线,分别阐述我国现代治水历程,分析现代治水研究热点,并对未来治水研究发展作出展望,以期对我国未来治水体系发展、治水方案谋划提供参考。

认真践行“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路 加快实施水资源刚性约束制度

近年来,水资源管理工作认真贯彻落实习近平总书记“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路,相关工作取得积极进展和成效。在学习研究“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路、总结水资源管理工作的基础上,以加快实施水资源刚性约束制度为主线,提出了当前和今后一个时期水资源管理的思路和重点。

农业水价综合改革的探索实践与方向重点

推进农业水价综合改革是贯彻落实习近平总书记关于治水重要论述精神的重要举措。从促进水资源节约集约利用、保障灌区良性运行和高质量发展、吸引社会资本投入现代化灌区建设等方面,分析了深入推进农业水价综合改革的重大意义。近年,各地积极推进农业水价综合改革,取得良好进展。按照南方丰水地区、北方缺水地区、粮食作物产区、经济作物产区等不同地区类型,系统总结各地在农业水价综合改革实践中创新管护机制、科学用水管水、价权奖补并举、水价驱动吸引多方参与等亮点做法和典型模式。以建立健全不同作物、水源、灌区类型的精准政策供给体系为重点,研究提出进一步深化农业水价综合改革的方向和重点任务,包括“先建机制、后建工程”,分区分类实施水价政策,完善动态化节水奖补机制,创新投融资模式,加强规范引导,深化灌区管理体制改革,大力推进数字孪生灌区建设等。

中国式现代化视域下习近平生态文明思想整体系统观及其方法论

党的十八大以来,在推进中国式现代化建设的伟大征程中,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念,基于对西方现代化道路的深刻反思和对自然界作为有机系统整体的精准认识,赓续与拓新马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化关于人与自然真实图景的系统辩证思想,形成和确立了丰富完备、逻辑严密的习近平生态文明思想整体系统观。秉持山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体的系统理念,这一整体系统观锚定生态文明建设和环境治理的目标任务,坚持推进中国式现代化生态文明建设与环境治理的系统层级观,坚持共同体构架的国内外合作治理的系统联动机制,对其内核“是什么”的问题作了精要而又深邃的回答。习近平生态文明思想层层追问中国式现代化生态文明建设之道,彰显了其整体系统思维在回答生态文明建设根本性问题上的强大方法论功能;以系统工程方式“全方位全地域全过程”推进生态文明建设与环境治理的全面系统展开,立体呈现了习近平生态文明思想整体系统观鲜明的方法论特质,为中国式现代化新征程上全面推进美丽中国建设提供了科学思想方法,开拓了中国式现代化恢宏壮丽的生态篇章。

新质生产力与乡村绿色发展:新业态培育与新路径探索

发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点,也是农业农村绿色发展的重要抓手。5位来自相关领域的青年学者,以笔谈方式,对新质生产力与乡村绿色发展进行了深入探讨。相关内容及核心观点如下:(1)新质生产力是壮大农业新产业的重要着力点,培育农业新模式的重要黏合剂,加快催生涉农新业态,可为农业生产、经营管理带来新动力、活力和竞争力,促使农业转向“多元化、多业态、多功能”,快速步入“全产业链、复合型”的绿色发展赛道;(2)中国式现代化农业新质生产力体系,能够促进乡村治理工程化和决策信息化,促进组织重建、产业重塑和空间重构,有利于构建城乡融合和乡村振兴的产业链-价值链-供应链体系,全面推进科技赋能乡村绿色发展;(3)新质生产力通过驱动科技创新、绿色转型、资源效率和数智素养提升推动乡村绿色发展,有利于发展高价值农业,促进乡村地区生态系统服务价值转化和农业生产转型升级,推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设和乡村全面振兴。

国家治理视角下民族事务治理主体关系现代化研究

民族事务是国家治理的重要内容,民族事务治理主体关系现代化既是民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化的缩影,也是推动民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化的动力。立足于中国民族事务治理实践,民族事务治理主体关系现代化是指在中国共产党的领导下,围绕增进中华民族共同性的方向,以强国建设、民族复兴为根本目标,国家权力机构与各类推动中华民族共同体建设的主体结成共商共建共治共享关系格局的进程。中国民族事务治理主体关系现代化吸收了多元主体协作治理的优势,但摒弃了西方治理理论“去中心化”“去国家化”的理念,与西方治理理论强调政府与非政府、公共与私人的二元对立与分离存在根本不同。党的领导、政府的统筹和组织,在构建稳定有序和谐高效的民族事务治理主体关系中发挥着核心引领作用。民族事务治理主体关系现代化对共商共建共治共享理念的强调,为增进中华民族的共同性奠定了思想基础和实践基础。

中国水利现代化时空分异特征

为明晰水利现代化时空分异特征,构建了包含资源、环境、生态和安全需求保障四大目标、14项准则的水利现代化评价指标体系,提出了结合目标一致性方法、变异系数法和层次加权法的水利现代化综合评价方法,对中国及各省(自治区、直辖市)水利现代化实现程度进行了评价,分析了中国及各省(自治区、直辖市)水利现代化时空分异特征。评价结果表明:中国水利现代化经历了发动期、加速期和提速期,总体实现程度较好,资源、安全需求保障的实现程度高,但环境、生态需求保障的实现程度较低;各省(自治区、直辖市)加快推进水利现代化,东部和中部地区明显快于西部和东北地区,资源、安全需求保障实现程度较好,环境需求保障实现程度相对滞后,生态需求保障实现程度较差;现阶段,各省(自治区、直辖市)亟需加快水生态环境建设,提高环境、生态需求保障,加速推动水利高质量发展,以推进中国水利现代化进程。

中国式水治理现代化发展评估及时空特征

水治理是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的重要组成部分,中国式水治理现代化是高质量发展与中国式现代化的重要内容。对中国式水治理现代化进行精准识别和系统评估是推动中国式现代化建设和可持续发展的关键工作。以中国式现代化的内涵特征为指引,结合水治理的行业特色和实际需求,从人口、经济、协调以及生态等4个维度,构建中国式水治理现代化综合评价体系,基于2008-2021年省级面板数据,利用空间分析方法探究中国式水治理现代化发展水平的时空演化特征,并利用灰色关联度模型分析中国式水治理现代化的影响因素。研究结果表明:中国式水治理现代化发展水平总体呈现上升趋势;中国式水治理现代化的区域异质性特征较为显著,呈现出“东部高、中部次之、西部较低”的梯度格局,且区域差距存在扩大趋势;城镇化率、城市用水普及率、城市污水处理率、人均综合用水量、总人口数、生态用水占比等指标与水治理现代化发展水平关联程度最大。建议制定具有差异化、针对性、前瞻性的发展战略和政策,西部地区应进一步增加生态用水投入量,中部区域可以通过优化人均综合用水量的方式提升水治理现代化发展水平。研究丰富了中国式现代化理论体系,也为中国式水治理的发展提供了科学依据。

青岛城市市政建设的早期现代化——以自来水发展为例

自来水是近代城市市政规划建设走向现代化的重要方面。青岛是近代中国较早建立自来水系统的城市之一,自来水系统在一定程度上了促进了青岛的城市规划建设以及社会生活变迁。但作为帝国主义入侵的舶来品,德租时期的青岛自来水建设本质是德国租借当局通过技术维护在青岛的租借管理,攫取在青岛的最大利益。从自来水的视角,可以更好地认识西方物质文明如何伴随强权和技术楔入近代社会,从而深化对近代中国社会变革复杂性和全面性的理解。