Multiple mediation effects of health locusof control and hope on the relationshipbetween stroke patients’ social supportand self-management

Objective:This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of health locus of control(HLC)and hope between stroke patients’social support and self-management.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 300 Chinese stroke patients were recruited by convenient sampling from the acupuncture department of two Chinese Traditional Medical Hospitals in Tianjin Province from June to September 2018.The self-report questionnaires include Social Support Assessment Scale,Herth Hope Index,Mental Health Locus of Control Scale,Stroke Self-management Behavior Scale,and personal information questionnaires.All the survey data were entered in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program.Mediation was tested with Bootstrapping in AMOS 23.0 program.Results:The result showed that internal health locus of control(IHLC),chance health locus of control(CHLC)and hope were the mediators between social support and self-management.The direct,indirect,and total effects of social support on self-management behavior were 0.306 (P<0.01),0.109(P<0.01),and 0.415(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusions:Social support can directly influence self-management,and it can also indirectly influence self-management through IHLC,CHLC,and hope.

Positive correlations between the health locus of control and self-management behaviors in hemodialysis patients in Xiamen

Objective:To investigate the association between the health locus of control and selfmanagement behaviors in patients receiving hemodialysis.Methods:Patients receiving hemodialysis in Xiamen,Fujian province,from December 2014 to March 2015 answered the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale and the self-management behavior questionnaire.Results:The participants in this study indicated that they believed others exerted more control over their health than themselves or chance.In addition,the majority of participants had a medium to low level of self-management behaviors.Positive correlations were also observed between a participant's health locus of control and their level of selfmanagement behaviors.Internal health locus of control and external(others)health locus of control were significant predictors of self-management behaviors controlling for the effect of payment method.Conclusion:The results of this study provided evidence that there is a strong relationship between the health locus of control and self-management behaviors in hemodialysis patients.This study provides important information for medical professionals as they design strategies to educate hemodialysis patients on their health locus of control and selfmanagement behaviors.

Japanese Version of the Parent Health Locus of Control Scales: Validity and Reliability

The Parent Health Locus of Control (PHLOC) Scales measure parents’ beliefs about the factors that affect their children’s health. The aim of our study was to develop a Japanese version of the Parent Health Locus of Control (JPHLOC) Scales and to verify its validity and reliability. The JPHLOC scales consist of six scales: Professional Influence, Parental Influence, Child Influence, Media Influence, Fate Influence, and God, Buddha, and the Spirits Influence. Our questionnaire was administered to 231 principal caregivers from Japan whose children were under 6 years of age. The items, related to the “God, Buddha, and the Spirits Influence” scale, showed a floor effect. The exploratory factor analysis indicated that JPHLOC’ six factors functioned similarly to the PHLOC’ factors. The Fate Influence and Child Influence factor structures in JPHLOC scales were different from the corresponding factor structures in the original PHLOC scales in the functioning of only one item. There were statistically significant correlations between JPHLOC scales and Japanese version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), which add evidence to the criterion-related validity of JPHLOC scales. Furthermore, applying the known-groups method, our study showed that there was a significant difference across the JPHLOC scale scores, owning to differences in the children’s and caregivers’ demographics, which provides an evidence for construct validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the six scales were estimated between 0.73 and 0.93. In a test-retest study, the interclass correlation coefficients for the six scales were ranged between 0.80 and 0.90. The results suggested that the JPHLOC scales have sufficient reliability and validity. The JPHLOC scales are applicable to the caregivers of healthy children. We confirm that the PHLOC scales are also applicable to Japanese caregivers.

Correlates of Health Locus of Control among Patients Diagnosed with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The comorbidity between chronic physical conditions and psychosocial health became common interest for health professional and researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among health locus of control, self efficacy, and demographic factors in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus. Method: Data were collected using cross-sectional, correaltional design from 793 patients with type-II diabetes in regards to health locus of control (HLOC) self-efficacy, and biomarkers. Results: The mean score for the internal subscale of HLOC was 27.2 (SD = 6.32), for the powerful others subscale of HLOC it was 30.9 (SD = 5.7), and for chance subscale of HLOC it was 18.6 (SD = 6.8). The mean total score of locus of control scale was 76.8 (SD = 13.1) ranging from 19 to 132. The mean score of HbA1C was 7.5 (SD = 2.6). Patients had moderate to high perception of powerful other health locus of control, and self efficacy. Results also showed that locus of control had positive and significant correlation with self efficacy (r = 0.18, p > 0.01) and negative relationship with HbA1C (r = -0.11, p > 0.01). On the other hand, age has no significant correlation with health locus of control. Conclusion: Health care professionals need to enhance patient’s self-efficacy and internal power of their patients for better health outcomes. Nurses and other health professionals need to emphasize the psychosocial health aspects of patients with chronic illnesses, and in particular, those diagnosed with type-II diabetes mellitus.

Transition Behavior in the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine during Follow-up after Radical Prostatectomy: A Multicenter Survey in Japan

We evaluated the prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as well as the transitional nature of its use, before and after radical prostatectomy in Japa-nese patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods: We enrolled 376 patients, who an-swered a self-administered questionnaire on CAM use, psychological health locus of control (HLC), and general-health-related quality of life (GHQL). Detailed information regarding CAM use according to the transtheoretical model, and the time at initiation and abandonment of CAM use were assessed. Medical information was also extracted from patient charts. Results: 45.7% of patients belonged to the “precontem-plation” stage, 29.8% to the “contemplation” stage, 1.9% to the “preparation” stage, 14.4% to the “action” stage, and 8.2% to the “relapse” stage. Although patient age and educational status had a significant impact on stage of CAM use, HLC and GHQL were not associated with them. The time-course of prevalence of CAM use during follow-up was divided into three phases: “initial,” “rapid-increase,” and “main-tenance”. Conclusions: Among patients under-going radical prostatectomy, non-users can be classified into several behavioral stages, while users do not use CAM constantly during fol-low-up.

正性信息注意偏向在急性白血病患者 不同健康心理控制源类型与创伤后成长间的中介效应

目的 了解急性白血病(acute leukemia, AL)患者创伤后成长(post-traumatic growth, PTG)现状,探讨正性信息注意偏向在不同健康心理控制源(health locus of control, HLC)与PTG间的中介效应,为提高患者PTG水平提供依据。方法 2022年6月至2023年3月,采用便利抽样法选取河北省某三级甲等医院血液内科的AL患者201例为研究对象,采用多维度健康心理控制源量表、正性信息注意偏向量表、创伤后成长量表等对其进行调查。结果 AL患者PTG总分为[62(49.5,70.00)]分,与健康权威人士控制(powerful others HLC,P-HLC)、正性信息注意偏向均呈正相关(均P<0.01),与健康机遇控制(chance HLC,C-HLC)呈负相关(P<0.05);正性信息注意偏向在P-HLC与PTG间起部分中介作用,在I-HLC与PTG间起完全中介作用。结论 正性信息注意偏向在不同HLC与PTG间发挥的作用机制不同,护理人员可根据患者HLC类型,进行针对性的施护,从而提升PTG。

慢性肾脏病未行肾脏替代治疗病人恐动症现状及影响因素分析

目的:调查慢性肾脏病未行肾脏替代治疗病人的运动恐惧现状及影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2023年7月—12月在湖南省某三级甲等医院肾病内科住院的128例慢性肾脏病未行肾脏替代治疗的病人,使用一般资料调查表、中文版恐动症量表、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表、中文版慢性病自我效能感量表进行问卷调查。结果:128例慢性肾脏病未行肾脏替代治疗的病人中,恐动症发生率为56.25%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、病程是其恐动症发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,恐动水平与多维度健康状况心理控制源量表中的内控型、有势力他人型子量表得分、自我效能感量表得分呈负相关,与机遇型子量表得分呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,病程、年龄、文化程度、自我效能感水平、多维度健康心理控制源量表倾向类型是慢性肾脏病非肾脏替代治疗病人运动恐惧的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:慢性肾脏病未行肾脏替代治疗的病人恐动症发生率较高,临床医护人员应重视该类病人恐动水平的评估,并根据影响因素制定个体化健康宣教方案和干预措施,从而降低病人的恐动水平。

心理控制源对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心理健康及生命质量的影响研究

目的:观察心理控制源对老年慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者心理健康、生命质量的影响。方法:选取2018年5月至2019年8月,本院收治的老年CHF患者194例,采用多维度健康心理状况心理控制源量表(multidimentional health locus of control scale,MHLC)、症状自评量表(symptom Check-list 90,SCL-90)、明尼苏达心力衰竭生命质量问卷(Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire,MLHFQ)评估患者的心理控制源倾向,心理健康,生命质量。结果:老年CHF患者内控性、机遇得分显著低于常模(P<0.05),权威人士得分显著高于常模(P<0.05);老年CHF患者躯体化、强迫、恐怖、人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁等心理健康因子高于常模评分(P<0.05);老年CHF患者躯体领域、情绪领域与其他领域的生命质量评分高于常模(P<0.05);内控性、权威人士评分与心理健康因子、生命质量因子呈负相关(P<0.05),机遇评分与心理健康因子、生命质量因子呈正相关(P<0.05);结论:老年CHF患者心理控制源倾向于权威人士,其心理健康与生命质量低于常模,心理控制源在一定程度上与患者的心理健康、生命质量密切相关。医护人员可根据CHF患者心理控制源类型给患者制定针对性计划,改善患者心理健康及生命质量。

Perception of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Purpose:To explore how perceptions of self-efficacy,health locus of control and outcome expectancy impact the adherence of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabiato self-care activities.Methods:A descriptive correlation design was used to analyse self-report questionnaires completed by a convenience sample of Arabic-speaking individuals(n=30)with type 2 diabetes mellitus from King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh.Results:More than half(53%)of participants reported high self-efficacy,and the majority(77%)valued health and believed that effective diabetes management was important.Although the vast majority(93%)of participants believed that their doctor influenced their diabetes management,90%and 80%also acknowledged themselves and God,respectively,as the health locus of control.Participants who perceived that they or their doctors were in control of their health condition were more likely to adhere to self-care activities,such as follow a specific diet and perform foot care(p<0.05).Furthermore,female participants reported significantly greater adherence to medication than male participants(6.91±0.29 vs 5.14±2.44;p=0.02),and unmarried participants reported greater adherence to exercise than married participants(4.15±2.22 vs 1.60±1.43;p=0.001).Finally,self-efficacy had a significant,positive correlation with participants'adherence to exercise(r=0.491;p=0.006)and performing their foot care(r=0.586;p=0.001).Conclusion:Patients'perceptions of their health should be considered by healthcare providers to maximize adherence to effective self-care management.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic During 2020

Before the end of 2019,no one would have ever imagined the rapid change that the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic was going to bring in people’s lives,all across the globe.Now,we can clearly distinguish the effects it has caused,in multiple levels of everyday life.The present article presents essential literature review points concerning the connection of personality characteristics and psychological aspects and COVID-19 influence on people’s lives,concerning the period until the end of 2020.Specifically,it examines how people reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic and how they formed their coping strategies depending on(a)personality characteristics based on“Big Five”and HEXACO,(b)Emotional Intelligence,(c)locus of control.It also makes a basic reference to COVID-19 influence on mental health problems.We investigated the effects of the pandemic on people’s lives from a psychological sight,using methods of classifying personality traits such as the Big Five and Hexaco.In addition,the four types of Emotional Intelligence were correlated with COVID-19 pandemic coping strategies.Similar connection was made in Health Locus of Control as it presents the causal behavior depending on personal beliefs.Regarding the psychological dimensions of COVID-19,it is clear that Emotional Intelligence has a positive effect on inclusion coping strategies.At the same time,demographic factors also contribute in the way the individual manages the pandemic.Man’s approach to health is directly influenced by the global or local view of it,and by observing behaviours,the attitude of citizens is evident according to what causes they attribute.In conclusion it is a fact that the pandemic has led to an increase in mental disorders worldwide.

孕妇营养素养水平及影响因素分析

目的调查孕妇营养素养水平,探讨其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查问卷、孕期营养素养评估工具、移动健康信息搜索行为问卷、多维度健康心理控制源量表及领悟社会支持量表对531名待产孕妇进行横断面调查。结果孕妇营养素养得分为(44.52±9.68)分;多元线性回归分析显示,受教育程度、产次、有无妊娠合并症或并发症、参加孕妇学校频次、移动健康信息搜索行为、健康内部控制、健康机遇控制、领悟社会支持水平为孕妇营养素养水平的影响因素(调整R^(2)=0.215,均P<0.05)。结论孕妇营养素养处于中等水平,需针对影响因素开展干预,以提高孕妇营养素养水平。

多维度健康心理控制源C版量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的汉化多维度健康心理控制源C版(form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control,MHLC-C)量表,并检验中文版MHLC-C量表的信度和效度。方法获得量表开发者授权后,依照Brislin量表翻译原则对MHLC-C量表进行正译、回译,经过2轮专家函询及预调查后完成文化调试;采用便利抽样法,于2022年7月—10月对洛阳市某三级甲等医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者共321例进行调查,检验中文版MHLC-C量表的信效度,并从中便利抽取30例患者,于其初次接受调查2周后,再次对其进行调查,以评价重测信度。结果中文版MHLC-C量表共包含4个分量表、18个条目;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.780~1.000,量表水平的平均内容效度指数为0.960。探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,将其分别命名为内部控制、机遇控制、医生和其他人,4个公因子累计解释总方差的73.079%;验证性因子分析结果支持四因子模型假设,各项拟合指标可接受[χ2/df=1.560,渐进残差均方和平方根(RMSEA)=0.052,比较适配指数(CFI)=0.945,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.901,调整后适配度指数(AGFI)=0.876,规范拟合指数(NFI)=0.862,递增拟合指数(IFI)=0.946,非规范拟合指数(TLI)=0.938]。量表总Cronbach’sα系数为0.825,重测信度系数为0.940。结论中文版MHLC-C量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估2型糖尿病患者健康心理控制源的工具。

乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的服药依从性与健康心理控制源及社会支持的相关性

目的调查乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的服药依从性现状,分析人口学、疾病相关因素、健康心理控制源及社会支持对患者内分泌治疗服药依从性的影响,为临床制定提高乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗服药依从性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法选取2015年10月~2019年10月宁波市镇海区人民医院收治的194例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象。采用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷、Morisky服药依从性量表、多维度健康心理控制源量表(包括内控性量表、权威人士量表、机遇量表)、社会支持评定量表(主观支持、客观支持和对社会支持的利用度)进行调查,对乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的服药依从性、健康心理控制源和社会支持的相关性进行统计学分析。结果乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗服药依从性平均得分为(5.79±1.50)分,与内部控制源、权威人士控制源、主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度呈正相关(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,内部控制源、权威人士控制源、客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持的利用度、家庭人均月收入均与内分泌治疗服药依从性呈正相关(P<0.05),居住地为农村,职业为专业技术或行政管理、有药物副作用与内分泌治疗服药依从性呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗服药依从性总体较差,依从性中等以上的患者具有外控性倾向和更高的社会支持。农村患者、家庭人均月收入低、职业是专业技术或行政管理、有药物副反应的患者应采取相应措施,可构建社会-家庭支持系统,以提高患者的信心,从而提高内分泌治疗服药依从性。

主观幸福感在乳腺癌病人健康心理控制源与健康促进行为中的中介作用

目的:验证主观幸福感在乳腺癌病人健康心理控制源与健康促进行为中的中介效应。方法:使用多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、总体幸福感量表(SWB)、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLPⅡ)对290例乳腺癌住院病人进行调查。结果:中介模型显示,主观幸福感在健康控制源(内部、机遇)和健康促进行为之间起到部分中介作用,中介效应值分别为0.182,0.179。结论:健康心理控制源(内部、机遇)可以通过影响乳腺癌病人的主观幸福感影响健康促进行为。

农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病高危人群健康行为与健康心理控制源的相关性研究

背景慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种行为相关性疾病,其在我国农村发病率及病死率均较高,而健康行为对预防COPD的发生具有重要意义。健康心理控制源理论认为,健康内控性越高,健康行为越好。目的探讨农村COPD高危人群健康行为状况和健康心理控制源特征,并探讨二者间的关系。方法 2014年11月12—15日,采用便利抽样法选取大庆市所辖肇州县五一村、五二村40岁以上的COPD高危人群作为调查对象。采用一般情况调查表、健康促进生活方式量表(HPLPⅡ)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)对其进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷185份,回收有效问卷176份,有效回收率为95.1%。HPLPⅡ得分(92.7±11.2)分,营养维度得分(20.1±2.8)分,健康责任维度得分(13.7±2.6)分,自我实现维度得分(14.5±2.6)分,人际关系维度得分(19.3±3.2)分,压力应对维度得分(15.0±2.5)分,运动维度得分(9.8±2.8)分;MHLC中内控性量表(IHLC)得分(23.6±5.0)分,健康权威控制量表(PHLC)得分(22.7±4.4)分,机遇量表(CHLC)得分(21.6±4.7)分。常模资料:IHLC得分(26.0±5.0)分,PHLC得分(20.0±5.5)分,CHLC得分(15.0±6.0)分。农村COPD高危人群IHLC得分低于常模(t=-4.69,P<0.05),PHLC、CHLC得分高于常模(t=16.80,P<0.05;t=2.62,P<0.05)。IHLC得分与营养、健康责任、压力应对、运动维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05);PHLC得分与自我实现维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05);CHLC得分与健康责任、人际关系、运动维度得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论农村COPD高危人群健康行为处于一般水平,心理控制源外控倾向显著,且心理控制源内控性与营养、健康责任、压力应对、运动相关;心理控制源外控倾向与健康责任、人际关系、运动相关。

缺血性脑卒中患者健康心理控制源及其相关因素调查分析

目的了解缺血性脑卒中患者的健康心理控制源及其相关因素,为健康教育提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,用多维度健康心理控制源量表C表(MHLC-C)对204例缺血性脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果缺血性脑卒中患者在健康权威人士(医生)控制维度得分(5.06±0.88)最高,健康机遇控制维度得分(2.98±0.97)最低;男性患者在健康内部控制维度得分(23.52±6.35)高于女性患者(21.50±6.06);文化程度和家庭月收入越高的患者,其健康内部控制和健康权威人士(医生)控制维度得分越高;Barthel指数越高的患者,其健康内部控制维度得分越高,健康机遇控制维度得分越低;差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中患者倾向于健康外部控制,不同性别、文化程度、家庭人均月收入和Barthel指数的患者,其健康心理控制源倾向不同,医护人员应针对患者的健康心理控制源倾向给予个性化的健康教育。

直肠癌造口患者的心理控制源、生命质量和应对方式

目的:探讨直肠癌造口患者心理控制源、生命质量和应对方式的关系,为直肠癌造口患者的健康干预提供依据。方法:本研究为横断面调查。选取直肠癌造口术后患者135例,用多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)、癌症患者生命质量测定量表体系之大肠癌量表(QLICP-CR)和癌症应对方式问卷(CCMQ),分别测评患者的健康心理控制源、生命质量状况和应对方式。结果:回收有效问卷131份。直肠癌造口患者的MHLC的健康内部控制分量表得分为(20.5±5.3)、健康权威人士控制分量表得分(23.1±4.4)、健康机遇控制分量表得分(19.0±4.3);QLICP-CR总分标准分为(57.0±19.7),其中,共性症状和副作用维度标准分最高(61.9±24.1),躯体功能维度标准分最低(50.4±22.0);CCMQ的面对维度得分最高(2.8±0.4),发泄维度得分最低(2.0±0.6)。直肠癌造口患者MHLC的健康权威人士控制分量表得分与QLICP-CR总分及躯体功能、大肠癌特异模块维度得分呈正相关(r=0.19、0.27、0.20,均P﹤0.05);健康内部控制分量表得分与QLICP-CR心理功能维度得分、CCMQ面对维度得分呈正相关(r=0.18、0.21,均P﹤0.05)。CCMQ面对维度在健康内部控制和患者心理功能之间的中介效应不显著。结论:本研究提示,健康权威人士控制倾向明显的患者总体生命质量较高。

心理干预对心理控制源外控性初产妇分娩过程中情绪的影响

目的探讨心理干预对心理控制源外控性初产妇分娩的影响。方法将符合标准的心理控制源外控性初产妇随机分为实验组（52例）和对照组（52例），实验组除常规护理外，调整其心理控制源，对照组52例只给予常规的分娩护理。结果健康心理控制源调整后，实验组焦虑、抑郁水平[分别为（7．36±1．63）分，（6．45±1．39）分]较对照组[分别为（9．51±1．89）分，（9．19±2．04）分]明显减轻（P〈0．01）；实验组第一产程、第二产程较对照组明显缩短（P〈0．01）；实验组顺产率高于对照组，产后出血发生率低于对照组，两者差异均达显著水平（均p〈0．05）。结论心理控制源外控性初产妇的健康心理控制源调整能有效改善产妇的情绪，有助于分娩质量的提高。

骨折病人心理特征与早期康复训练依从性的相关性研究

[目的]调查分析骨折病人心理特征对早期康复训练依从性的影响。[方法]使用医院焦虑抑郁量表、多纬度健康状况心理控制源量表、医学应对方式问卷和自编的早期康复锻炼依从性评价表,对10 0例四肢骨折术后住院病人进行调查和分析。[结果]病人抑郁、健康心理控制源和医学应对方式对术后早期康复训练依从性有显著影响。[结论]要重视骨折病人抑郁、健康心理控制源和应对方式对早期康复训练依从性的影响,采取针对性护理措施,最大限度地恢复和改善伤肢功能。

人格特质与职业紧张及工人健康关系的初步探讨

目的 从多个维度来分析人格特质、职业紧张程度与工人健康结局之间的关系。方法 以 162名铁路行车调度人员作为调查对象 ,利用A型行为问卷和工作心理控制源问卷将调查对象划分为A型外控、A型内控、B型外控和B型内控四组人群 ,分别评定四组调度人员的工作紧张度、工作满意度、心理及躯体健康状况。结果 A型内控和B型内控组的工作紧张度明显低于A型外控和B型外控组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;与其他三组人群相比较 ,A型内控人群具有较高的工作满意度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而B型内控人群的心理健康和躯体健康问卷评分则高于其他三组人群 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 不同维度的人格特质对个体感受到的工作紧张度、工作满意度以及躯体和心理健康都具有一定的影响。